designing governance for native hawaiians
TRANSCRIPT
Designing Governance for
Native Hawaiians
Seizing the Opportunity to Innovate
Native Hawaiian Chamber of Commerce Willows
August 21, 2014
Richard Kaipo Lum, PhD Vision Foresight Strategy LLC
“Reframing the future.”
www.visionforesightstrategy.com
Lum
James Dator
Glenn Paige
Fred Riggs
Raymond Studer
David Greene
Glen Schubert
Samuel Finer
Eric Beinhocker Richard Nelson
Richard Nelson
Hendrik Spruyt
Fernand Braudel
Stephen Jay Gould
James Rosenau
Thomas Risse Stephen Krasner
Dennis Wrong Bertrand Russell
Jon Pierre/ B. Guy Peters
Clayton M. Christensen
Futures, political design
Co-evolution of technologies
Evolution of the State
Complexity, Future of the State
Governance w/o States
Power
History of government
Governance, Future of the State
Disruptive Innovation
Mo‘o ‘Ike
“Today we find ourselves with political systems
based on 18th century philosophy,
run with 19th century administrations,
built on 20th century technologies,
attempting to confront 21st century challenges."
Richard A. K. Lum, PhD
A Rare Historic Moment
Political Community
Process Content
This moment is about creating
There will be no better or more important time for us to be innovative
"...everywhere people and their societies have entered an emergent
epoch, an epoch marked by pervasive uncertainties, perplexing
ambiguities, and unending contradictions fostered by a wide range
of dynamics, not the least being newly empowered individuals and
expanded roles for nongovernmental agents of change."
James Rosenau, Distant Proximities
A SUPER SHORT HISTORY OF MODERN
POLITICAL DESIGN
The lineage of the modern governance
Lineage of Modern Governance
Athens
Rome
Middle Ages → Enlightenment
English Civil Wars
American Revolution
• Citizenship • Democracy
• “Roman” citizenship • Checks & balances • Mixed government
• Representation • Passive citizenship • The modern state • Sovereignty
• Separation of powers • Constitutions • ConCons • Federalism
Popular sovereignty, Consent of the governed…
The Geo-History of Modern Governance
Implications of Our Political History
• Constitution document
• Tripartite government
• Elected representatives
• Passive citizenship
• A society of states
"At Westphalia in 1648, a set of general rules for the conduct of international relations was concretized in the peace treaties. As we show, those rules make it difficult for the world to deal with many kinds of contemporary problems, and our critique of the Westphalian settlement rests on the belief that these kinds of global problems for which Westphalia is dysfunctional have grown most dramatically over the years and are therefore in the most dire need of attention.”
Kegley and Raymond. The Ghost of Westphalia.
The Long, But Perfect, Quote
THE EMERGING POLITICAL LANDSCAPE
The world’s assumptions about governance will be tested
The Larger Context of Political Change
POLITICAL INNOVATION
Spurring adaptations to meet emerging challenges
“IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, IT IS BECOMING increasingly clear
that conventional modes of political steering by nation-states and
international regulations are not effectively dealing with global
challenges such as environmental problems, humanitarian
catastrophes, and new security threats.”
Thomas Risse. Governance Without a State: Policies and Politics in Areas of Limited Statehood
Sustaining Innovation
Improving performance along the established, expected dimensions
The Athenian reforms of Solon
(594 BCE)
Constitution-making process of South Africa (CE 1990s)
Disruptive Innovation
Redefining the dimensions of performance or serving new customers
The Athenian reforms of Cleisthenes
(508 CE)
Constitution-making process of the USA
(CE 1787)
Clayton M. Christensen. The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail
Political Innovation in the Lineage of the Modern State
More Examples of Political Innovation
Sustaining Disruptive
Improving performance along the established, expected dimensions
Redefining the dimensions of performance or serving new customers
Constitution-making/ state-building
• Iceland’s constitution-making process (2012)
• America’s constitution-making process (1787)
Daily governance • Data.gov • “We the People” White House
petition site • SmartCongress.org
• Github* • Algorithms/automation/
machine learning* • Participatory budgeting*
Community/ non-state actors
• Honolulu 311 mobile app • FixMyStreet
• Mosaic rights* • Crisis mapping*
Ask Yourself: What are You Trying to Do?
Are you just trying to improve the behaviors of the system,
or are you trying to redefine the system?
THE PROCESS IS THE THING
Process constrains design
The Basic Constitution-Making Process
Intro…
“You won’t get a 21st century design using
an 18th century process.”
Richard A. K. Lum, PhD
“Tunisian Constituent Assembly” (image removed)
Representative Process
All of the design work is performed by the delegates within the Constitutional Convention.
Participatory Design Process
Most of the design work is conducted by the delegates in the Convention.
A select number of issues are given to the full political community to collaboratively design (which the ConCon must accept).
Democratic Process
All of the design work is performed – collaboratively – by the full political community via open design conferences and online collaboration tools.
Let’s Compare
Control Democratic Quotient
Innovation Potential
Representative Process
High Low Low
Participatory Design Process
Medium Medium Medium
Democratic Process
Low High High
A FEW KEY TERMS
Evolving our language and mindsets
Key Concepts to (Re)consider
Governance
Political Community
Sovereignty
…Along with…
Democracy vs. Representative Government
The Future of Power
BUILDING AN INVENTORY FOR
INNOVATION
Assembling a new set of building blocks
New Concepts and
Design Principles
• Limited Statehood
• Shared Sovereignty
• Deep Democratization
• Open Data
New Physical
Technologies
• Mobile Devices
• Online Collaboration
• Big Data
• Digital Assistants
New Political
Technologies
• Participatory Budgeting
• Mosaic Rights
• Crisis Mapping
• Sortition
CONCLUSIONS
Heading off in new directions
A Moment to Be Innovative
Political Community
Process Content
Ultimately, We Will Use Multiple Horizons