JOURNAL

DESIGN OF CONTROL TEMPERATURE MOTOR 1

PHASE WITH COMPATIBLE LOAD BASED PIC

MICROCONTROLLER

16f887A

SUBMITTED BY :

Name : YUSMAN WESLEY R

NPM : 10.03.0.005

DEPARTMENT of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY of RIAU ISLANDS

2014

DESIGN OF CONTROL TEMPERATURE MOTOR 1 PHASE

WITH COMPATIBLE LOAD BASED PIC

MICROCONTROLLER

16f887A

Yusman Wesley 1)

, Pamor Gunoto 2)

, Anton Viantika 3)

Department of Electrical Engineering University of Riau Islands

ABSTRAK

The electric motor is widely used in electronic devices such as the fan,

computer, water pump and so forth. Existing properties on the electric motor

when the motor is rotating continuously, the temperature of the motor will also

increase. When the motor has reached a high temperature and the motor

continues to be used then the motor will be damaged, to the need for a

temperature control device on the electric motor microcontroller based on the

tool made.

LM35 temperature sensor will record the data to be inserted into the

microcontroller, sensors simultaneously recorded temperature on the electric

motor. Incoming data to the microcontroller will be processed and the results will

be displayed on the LCD. If the temperature of the motor temperature increases

and reaches the upper limit specified then the Buzzer indicator by itself will give a

signal that the motor would die.

From the discussion and analysis of the data obtained at the time of

measurement can be concluded that this PIC16f887A microcontroller can adjust

according to temperature changes in the motor 1 phase.

Keywords: Temperature, Microcontroller PIC16f887A, LM35, Motor AC.

1) Student Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty Engineering, UNRIKA

BATAM.

2) Supervisor Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty Engineering,

UNRIKA BATAM.

3) Co - Supervisor Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty Engineering,

UNRIKA BATAM.

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Electric motors are often used in electronic devices such as the fan,

computer, water pump and so forth. Existing properties on the electric motor

when the motor is rotating continuously, the temperature of the motor will also

increase. When the motor has reached a high temperature and the motor continues

to be used then the motor will be damaged.

In larger-scale applications, so that the electric motor can operate longer

and can work effectively then change the motor temperature must be controlled.

Based on these considerations, the temperature control device made 1

phase motors and motor rotation speed with compatible PIC microcontroller-

based load 16f887A. This tool also controls the speed of the motor 1 phase when

the temperature increases on the motor then the motor will go down and vice

versa motor speed increases when the temperature of the motor is low. This tool

will be displayed on the temperature and the speed of the electric motor together

in one view.

1.2 Problem of Formulation

Creating a working tool that can automatically control the temperature

changes on the motor using PIC microcontroller technology 16f887A.

1.3 Research Objectives

1 Make gauges motor rotation speed and temperature of the PIC

microcontroller based 16f887A.

2 LCD display used

1.4 Scope of Problems

1 Explain the switching capabilities at the relay for the activation of the

motor along the motor temperature.

2 16f887A PIC microcontroller programming using C language.

2 BASIC Of THEORY

2.1 Microcontroller PIC16f887A

Microcontroller is a microprocessor system in which there already are

CPU, RAM, ROM, I / O, CLOCK and other internal devices are already

connected and organized (address) with either by the manufacturer and is

packaged in a single chip that is ready to use. So we live program ROM contents

according to the rules of use by the factory that makes it.

Figure 2.1 Block Diagram PIC16f887A

2.1.1 Configuration pin PIC16f887A

Figure 2.2 Pinout PIC16f887A

2.2 Basic of PIC16f887A Programming with C Language

The C language is a programming language that can be said to be different

between the low-level language (machine-oriented language), and high-level

language (the language of human-oriented). As is known, possessed a high level

language compatibility between platforms. Because it is very easy to program on

a variety of machines.

Maker of the C language is Brian W. and Dennis Kerninghan M.Ritcihe in

1972 C is a structured programming language, which divides the program in the

form of blocks. The goal is to facilitate the creation and development of the

program. The program is written in C easily transferred from one program to

another program language. This is due to the standardization of the C language in

the form of standard ANSI (American National Standards Institute) were used as a

reference by the compiler makers.

2.3 Resistor

Resistors are electronic components poles designed to withstand electrical

current to produce an electric voltage between the two poles, the voltage value of

the resistance value is proportional to the current flowing, according to Ohm's

law:

V = I . R....................................................................................(2.1)

2.4 Capacitors

Capacitor in the electronic circuit denoted by the letter "C" is a device that

can store energy in the electric field or charge current, by collecting dati internal

imbalance of electric charge. Capacitors discovered by Michael Faraday (1791-

1867). Unit is Farad capacitor (F). One farad = 9 x 1011 cm2, which means the

large pieces.

2.5 LM35 (Temperature Sensor)

LM35 temperature sensor is an electronic component that has a function to

change the temperature scale into electrical quantities in the form of voltage.

LM35 has a high accuracy and ease of design compared with other temperature

sensor, LM35 also has a low output impedance and high linearity so it can be

easily connected with a series of special control and does not require further

adjustment.

Figure 2.10 Schematic temperature sensor circuit

2.6 Crystals

Crystals are electronic components that use a mechanical resonance that

vibrates with piezoeelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very

precise frequency.

Figure 2.11 Crystals

2.7 Relay Drive

Relay is an electronic component in the form of an electronic switch

driven by electric current. In principle, the relay is a switch lever with the wire

windings on an iron rod (selenoid) nearby. When selenoid electrified, the lever

would be interested because of the presence of magnetic fields that occur in the

solenoid switch contacts will close. By the time the flow is stopped, the magnetic

force will be lost, the lever will return to its original position and will re-open

switch contacts. Relays are usually used to drive large currents or voltages, eg

electrical equipment 4 Ampere 220 Volt AC, using a small current or voltage,

such as 0.1 Ampere 220 Volt DC. The simplest relay is an electromechanical

relays which provide the mechanical movement of getting electrical energy.

2.8 Miniature Sounder

Miniature Sounder is an instrument that makes noises or sounds, in

general, often known as sirens or alarms and bells. Miniature in this thesis uses as

a substitute suonder buzzer.

Buzzer is a tool that can convert electrical signals into sound signals. It is

generally used for an alarm buzzer, because its use is easy enough to provide the

input voltage buzzer emits. The frequency of the buzzer sound issued between 1-5

KHz.

2.9 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

LCD usability lot in designing a system using mikrokontorler, LCD

(Liquid Crystal Display) can serve to show a result the value of the sensor, show

text, or display the menu on the application microcontroller. M1632 is a matrix

LCD module with a configuration of 16 characters and 2 lines with each character

formed by pixle lines and 5 columns pixle (1 pixle last line is the cursor). Already

available within the M1632 module HD44780 issued by Hitachi, Hyundai and

other M1632 modules. Actually HD44780 microcontroller designed specifically

for controlling the LCD and have the ability to adjust the scanning process on the

LCD screen which is formed by 16 COM and SEG 40 so that the microcontroller

or device that accesses the LCD module is no longer need to set up scanning on

the LCD screen.

2.10 Power Supply

Most electronic devices require a DC voltage power supply, therefore it

takes a circuit to convert the AC voltage of the grid into a stable DC voltage. This

circuit is commonly called a DC power source consists of lowering the voltage

transformer (step-down) which serves to lower voltage grid to the extent required

voltage, the rectifier (rectifier) that functions convert AC voltage into DC voltage

smoothing capacitor filters the rectifier output to pulsation (ripple) is not too large

and that the latter is the voltage stabilizer (voltage regulator) in the form of IC

regulator or a zener diode to get a stable DC voltage.

2.11 1 Phase Induction Motors

Ac electric motors with the basic principle of operation is classified as

asynchronous motors (induction) or synchronous motor. Induction motor is a type

of motor where there is no external voltage is supplied to the rotor, but the current

in the stator induces a voltage on the air gap and the rotor winding and rotor

current to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field of the stator and rotor

then interact and cause the motor rotor rotates.

2.12 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)

PWM is a mechanism for generating an output signal that is repeated

periods between High and Low where we can control the duration of the signal is

High and Low in accordance with what we want. Duty Cycle is percentage of

High signal and the signal period, the percentage duty cycle will be directly

proportional to the average voltage is generated.

2 The basic concept of the ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)

The Microcontroller PIC16f887A, there is a string of ADC (analog to

digital converter) which serves to encode analog voltage signals to form a

continuous time series of discrete time digital bits.

Figure 2.21 Timing diagram of the ADC

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research of Object

Figure 3.1 Flowchart Design

Library studies

Initial Data Collection

Problem Formulation

Purpose

Make the motor temperature control device automatically using microcontroller

System Design

Designing Hardware

Designing Software

System Design

Making schematic

Making PCB circuit

Toolmaking

Testing Tool

Testing Microcontroller

Testing Inputs and Outputs

Conclusions and Recommendations

4 DESIGN

4.1 System Design

Figure 4.1 Block Diagram of Temperature Control Motor 1 Phasa Based PIC

16f8877A Microcontroller

4.2 Works Overall

LM35 temperature sensor will record the data to be inserted into the

microcontroller, sensors simultaneously recorded temperature on the electric

motor. Temperature sensor output will continue on the existing ADC input on the

microcontroller, the ADC is the data from the temperature sensors in the form of

an analog voltage data is converted in digital form. Incoming data to the

microcontroller will be processed and the results will be displayed on the LCD. If

the temperature of the motor temperature increases and reaches the upper limit

specified then the Buzzer indicator by itself will give a signal that the motor

would die and vice versa, if the motor temperature reaches the lower limit, then

the motor will rotate in accordance with that specified in the microcontroller.

Mikrokontroler Power supply

Temperatur

Sensor Buzzer

Relay Display Unit

Motor 1

Phase

4.3 Realization Each Circuit Block

Circuit of Minimum System

Figure 4.6 Minimum System of circuit PIC Microcontroller

4 Design of Software

Figure 4.8 Flowchart overall system

Start

System Initialization

Check Sensor

Active

Motor Off

< 27 ̊ C

Yes

No

27 < ̊ C < 29 ̊

29 < ̊ C < 31 ̊

31 ̊ C

> 31 ̊ C Motor Off

(alarm)

Motor 100%

power

Motor 80%

power

Motor 50%

power

Motor Off

Stop

5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Data Collection and Analysis

This chapter contains the phase of the study consisted of data collection

and data analysis research. Beginning stages of an explanation about how to get

the data and where the data is in the can. The data can then be analyzed to ensure

the suitability of the theories that support the previous chapter.

5.2 Temperature Sensor Testing

SUHU

(0C)

OUTPUT LM35

(mVolt)

Hasil Perhitungan

27 0.284 0.27

30 0.318 0.30

32 0.347 0.32

Figure 5.1 The measurement Test point sensor LM35

5.3 Testing LCD

Figure 5.3 The Test point series LCD 16 x 2

Table 5.3 Test point on the LCD

TP 1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 TP7 TP8 TP9 TP10

0.40 V 0.40 V 0.39 V 0.38 V 0.38 V 0.38 V 0.38 V 0.39 V 0.39 V 0.39 V

5 Testing the Motor Driver Circuit

Figure 5.4 Testing Motor Driver

LCD16 X 2

16 15

+5

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Vd

d

+5

TP 2

TP 3

TP 4

TP 5

TP 6

TP 7

TP 8 TP 9

TP 10

Table 5.4 Testing PWM motor driver

Duty Cycle % Vin (Volt) Vout voltage Driver (Volt)

0 0.49 30.59

50 2.54 110.45

80 4.02 170.3

100 4.98 210.59

The test result is displayed on the oscilloscope following below :

a. Testing 0% duty cycle, oscilloscope probes 2v / div; 10ms / div

Figure 5.5 of the microcontroller PWM wave with a duty cycle 0%

b. Testing the 50% duty cycle, the oscilloscope probe 2v / div; 10ms / div

Figure 5.6 The wave PWM from microcontroller with dutycycle 50%

c. Testing dutycycle 80%, oscilloscope probes 2v / div; 10ms / div

Figure 5.7 The wave PWM from microcontroller with dutycycle 80%

d. Testing dutycycle 100%, oscilloscope probes 2v / div; 10ms / div

Figure 5.8 The wave PWM from microcontroller with dutycycle 100%

6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Conclusion

1. A PIC16F887A microcontroller as the main control tool can be set to

output a trigger signal IC ULQ as a drive on the relay.

2. There was a difference between the LM35 sensor readings and calculations

for 2:05 before testing and 0.7 after LM calibrated calibrated.

7 RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 It should be noted for future elections temperature sensor so that the results

are more accurate and as expected.

REFERENCES

Anonymous, meriwardanaku.com 2011, principles of work-relay.

USU Journal, 2007, 1 Phase Induction Motors

Myike Predko, 1997, Programming and Customizing the PIC® microcontroller.

Paul B.Zbar, Albert P. Malvino, Michael A.Miller, 1994, Basic Electronics.

Stephen R.Matt, 1989, Electricity and Electronics Baasic.

Widodo Budiharto, S, 2008, Digital Electronics + Microprocessor