design and development of manually operated domestic water pump

Design And Development Of Manually Operated Domestic Water Pump

BMIT SOLAPUR 1

Chapter No 1

ABSTRACT


BMIT SOLAPUR 2

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of doing this project is to create a dual purpose machine which

would help in lifting water and serve the purpose of doing exercise.

In our mechanism we have used a bicycle. . The general bicycle consists of large

sprockets which have 46 teeth to which pedal are attached. Drive is given to the

bigger sprocket which by chain drive is attached to the small sprocket having 17 teeth.

Sprocket mounted on circular shaft which is supported by pedestal bearing which are

self-aligning ball bearing and also on this shaft rear wheel of bicycle is mounted.

In this mechanism connecting media is used as v-belt. This v-belt is connected to rear

wheel of bicycle and pulley of centrifugal pump which is attached to circular shaft of

centrifugal pump. In this assembly centrifugal pump is fitted 20 mm above the ground

with the help of steel frame. This arrangement has been made for proper alignment of

v-belt.

When pedal is operated the drive is given by the larger sprocket to smaller sprocket

by means of chain drive. Smaller sprocket and rear wheel of bicycle are mounted on

same shaft then rear wheel is also rotated. Now via v-belt motion is transmitted to

centrifugal pump. So pump is started and suction and delivery are obtained.

As the speed of pedal is continuous we get continuous discharge.


BMIT SOLAPUR 3

Chapter No. 2

INTRODUCTION


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2.1Introduction to pump

The hydraulic machines which convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy

are called pumps. The hydraulic energy is in the form of pressure energy. If

mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy by means of centrifugal force

acting on fluid, then the hydraulic machine is called as a centrifugal pump.

Its flow in centrifugal pump is in radial outward direction. In this case, mechanical

energy is provided with the help of manual power, not an electric motor.

Figure No 2.1 Introduction of pump

India is a land of farm, an agricultural country, the land here is mainly irrigated by

water from wells, rivers & ponds etc. In early day farmers use bullocks, pulleys

for lifting water & even after 50 years of independence government has been

unsuccessful to provide electricity in rural areas. As we know that farmers who

are unable to take connection of electric supply. The idea of Manual Operated

Pump serves as a solution to this problem that to using drift irrigation.


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2.2 Basic requirements

1. The pump should give continuous discharge with approximately constant

rpm.

2. It should give head as high as possible.

2.3Purpose

There are different purposes of using a pump

1. Supplying water with a constant discharge.

2. Feeding water to high heads.

3. Delivering water from one location to another.

2.4Principle

Centrifugal pump works on principle of forced vortex flow which means that

when a certain mass of liquid is rotated by an external torque, the rise in pressure

head of rotating fluid takes place.

Velocity triangle diagram for impeller of centrifugal pump is shown below

Fig No 2.2 Velocity Diagram


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U1 = tangential velocity of impeller at inlet.

U2 = tangential velocity of impeller at outlet.

V2= absolute velocity of impeller at inlet.

V2=absolute velocity of impeller at outlet.

Vr1= relative velocity of water at inlet .

Vr2= relative velocity of water at outlet.

=angle made by v1& v2 at inlet.

= angle made by v1& v2 at outlet.

=angle made by Vr1& Vr2 at inlet.

=angle made by Vr1& Vr2 at outlet.

R1& R2 are inner and outer radius

B1= Width of impeller at inlet.

D1= Diameter of impeller at outlet.

Work done by impeller on water per second

Work=

**

W= weight of water= gQ

Q = Volume of water

Q = Area velocity =

2.5Classification

Pumps are mainly classified as follows

2.5.1 Rotary pumps

a) Vane pump

b) Gear pump

c) Centrifugal pump

2.5.2 Reciprocating pumps


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2.5.1 Rotary pumps

Rotary pumps are mostly used and can be divided broadly into vane, gear, centrifugal

pumps which use rotary principle of working.

a) Vane pump

Vane pump consists of radial vanes inside the casing of pump.

Fig No 2.3 Vane Pump

b) Gear pump

Fig No 2.4 Gear Pump

It consists of two gears mounted attached inside the casing on two shafts. Water is

compressed radially in the races between gear & casing and discharged through upper

side.


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c) Centrifugal pump

Fig No 2.5 Centrifugal Pump

These are the most versatile type of pumps ever used. Radial vanes are there

inside the impeller. Water is compressed radially with the help of impeller and

discharged at the top.

2.5.2Reciprocating pump

Fig No 2.6 Reciprocating Pump

It consists of crank, piston and cylinder arrangement. Pump works in 1 cycle of

rotation in which there are two strokes namely suction and discharge. There are two

valves.


BMIT SOLAPUR 9

Chapter No. 3

DESIGN AND FABRICATION


BMIT SOLAPUR 10

DESIGN AND FABRICATION

The machine includes various parts which are as follows.

a. Belt Drive

b. Transmission Shaft

c. Bearing

d. Gear Box

e. Coupling

f. 1 hp Pump

3.1 Belt Drive

Normal pedaling speed in relaxed condition is 50 pedals per minute.

3.1.1 Specification

Belt No. A2320/A 90

Pulley diameter Inner (D1) = 25 mm

Belt wheel diameter (D2) = 65 cm

Pulley diameter Outer (D3) = 50 mm

No. of teeth on free wheel (t2) = 17

Length of the Belt (L) = 220 cm

Power required by Belt at a speed of 50 rpm = 746 W

3.2 Velocity Ratio

Chain drive velocity ratio,

Let,

n1= Speed of bigger sprocket.

n2 = Speed of smaller sprocket

t1=Number of teeth on bigger sprocket.

t2= Number of teeth on smaller sprocket.


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Now,

n1=50 rpm.

We know that,

n1 / n2= t2 / t1

50 / n2 = 17 / 44

n2 = 130 rpm.

Velocity ratio of chain drive is 1:2.6

Let,

n3 = speed of pulley in rpm.

We know that,

n2/ n3 = D3 / D2

130 / n3 = 0.050 / 0.65

n3 = 1690 rpm.

The speed of pump shaft is 1690 rpm.

3.3 Selection of Material

Designation Ultimate Tensile Strength

(N/mm2)

Yield Strength

(N/mm2)

C 40 680 380

Table no.3.1


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Chapter No 4

CONSTRUCTION & WORKING


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4.1 Construction

The design & construction of any project is the main &important aspects ever. A

project should consist of simpler design, should be less costly. It should have less

maintenance. It should work with minimum economic inputs & its depreciation cost

should be low.

There are different parts used in our project

1) Base Frame

2) Bicycle structure

3) Centrifugal pump(1 hp)

4) V-Belt

5) Pipes

1) Base Frame

In this case we are making a rectangular frame on which centrifugal pump assemblyis

to be fitted. The size of angle used for making frame is 1 & . Its function is to give

rigid support to the entire assembly

Figure No 4.1


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2)Bicyclestructure

The cycle chassis construction is as shown in the figure. It consists of handle, frame,

chain wheel & sprocket wheel etc.A bicycle frame is the main component of a

bicycle, on to which wheels and other components are fitted. The modern and most

common frame design for an upright bicycle is based on the safety bicycle, and

consists of two triangles, a main triangle and a paired rear triangle. This is known as

the diamond frame.[1]

Frames are required to be strong, stiff and light, which they do

by combining different materials and shapes.

Build a bicycle powered water pump. There are many versions of bicycle powered

pumps, but this one is probably one of the most simple to put together.

Figure No 4.2


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3)Centrifugal pump (1 HP)

Centrifugal pump consists of a casing & an impeller inside the pump assembly.

Impeller has radial vanes inside. There are two ports namely suction & delivery.The

components involved and their functions are as follows:

Impeller: It is assembly of number of vanes mounted on shaft.

The vanes are radial and normally curved back. The impeller is rotated using some

prime mover. Water enters the vanes along radial direction. Water flows over the

vanes in racially outward direction. During this, the vanes perform work on the water

and thus pressurize it.

Casing: It is an airtight chamber which envelops the impeller. The casing has three

openings, for intake and exit of the fluid and for entry of prime mover shaft. Intake

port is axial and is known as Eye of pump.

Figure No 4.3


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5) V-Grooved Pulley

V-belt pulleys or sheaves mate with drive belts in numerous power transmission

applications. V-belts are efficient, cost-effective, and designed for non-critical ratio

drives. They usually have a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section and are reinforced

with fiberglass, polyester, or steel. V-belt pulley is made from materials such as

aluminum. Both single groove and multiple groove devices are commonly available.

V pulleys are used with mating belts for high-speed power transmission.

Figure No 4.5


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6) V -Belt

The v belt is trapezoidal in section placed in a v shaped groove of the grooved

pulleys. It is made from fabric impregnated with rubber and covered with rubber on

faces. The included angle between two faces of groove is in between 30 to 40 degree.

The purpose of using v-belt is due to following reason.

1. suitable for short distance.

2. No chances to slip of belt out of pulley.

3. No elongation due to use, so shortening is not essential.

4. Suitable for high torque and high power transmission.

Figure No 4.6


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7) Pipes

Suction pipe: This is a pipe connected to the suction port of the pump. The other end

of pipe is submerged in the sump. It must be assured that, this end always remains

dipped into the sump. The suction pipe along with different fittings on it, much be air

tight. Otherwise the air leakages in to the pipe do not maintain the negative pressure

in it and affect the discharge badly.

Delivery pipe: it is a pipe of diameter little less than that of suction pipe. It is

connected to the delivery port of pump through a valve known as check valve which

regulates the flow. Another end is open and gives discharge at required point. In order

to minimize the frictional losses, the pipe should have smooth inner surface. Also as

far as possible, it is kept straight with minimum number of elbows, contractors fitted

on it.

We are used two pipes one at inlet with footwall and other at delivery port. Suction

pipe is of 25mm in diameter to get easy and more suction. Delivery pipe is of 25mm

diameter and is 40 feet long.

Figure 4.7 and 4.8


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7) Assembly

As shown in fig. it consists of large sprockets which have 28 teeth to which pedal are

attached. Drive is given to the smaller sprocket which by chain drive is attached to the

small sprocket having 17 teeth. Sprocket mounted on circular shaft which is supported

by pedestal bearing which are self aligning ball bearing and also on this shaft rear

wheel of bicycle is mounted .Gear ratio between two sprockets is 2.50. The v-belt is

connected to rear wheel of bicycle and pulley of centrifugal pump which is attached to

circular shaft of centrifugal pump. The distance between centre of rear wheel of

bicycle and centre of centrifugal pump is .

In this assembly centrifugal pump is fitted 20mm above the ground with the help of

steel frame on which pump is fitted. This arrangement has been made to proper

alignment of v-belt.

Figure No 4.7


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4.2 Energy flow diagram

Human

Pedal

Sprocket Wheel

V Belt

Chain Wheel

Impeller

Pump Shaft

Pulley


BMIT SOLAPUR 21

Chapter No 5

PROCESS SHEET


BMIT SOLAPUR 22

5.1 Process sheet

5.1.1 Part Name: Frame

Part size: 65 25* 45 cm

Part weight: kg

Part Qty: 1

Part Material: M.S.

Serial No. Operation Machine Tool

1 Cutting the material as

per the size

Power hacksaw

machine

Hacksaw Blade

2 Welding Electric arc welding Welding gun

3 Drilling Drilling machine Drill bit

Table No 5.1


BMIT SOLAPUR 23

Chapter No6

PRFORMANCE, TESTING AND OBSERVATION


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6.1 Observation

6.1.1 Maximum suction head

Hs= 5 feet.

6.1.2 Maximum delivery head

Hd= 40 feet.

6.1.3 Minimum starting speed

N=300 rpm

6.1.4 Total head

Ht=Hs+Hd

= 5+40

= 45 feet.


BMIT SOLAPUR 25

6.2 Variation of height and discharge

Height in Feet

Discharge in lit/min

5

52

10

43

15

36

20

28

30

19

Table no. 6.1

Graphical representation of height Vs discharge


BMIT SOLAPUR 26

6.3 Variation of Rpm and discharge

Rpm (pump)

Discharge in lit/min

300

12

600

24

900

37

1200

48

Table no. 6.2

Graphical representation of rpm Vs discharge


BMIT SOLAPUR 27

Chapter No 7

FAULT FINDING & REMEDIES


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7.1 FAULT FINDING & REMEDIES

Following are some of the difficulties that are usually faced in pump operation.

A) Pump fails to start:-

1) Fault: Impeller, strainer or suction line may be clogged.

Remedy: Clean the pump parts.

2) Fault: Pump not properly primed.

Remedy: Prime the pump.

B) Overall assembly gets jammed:-

1) Fault: Greater force is requiring.

Remedy: Check Creep of belt.

2)Fault: Any of the part is having play.

Remedy: Check no. of washers and tight all the nut-bolts. Check alignments.


BMIT SOLAPUR 29

Chapter No 8

BILL OF MATERIAL & COST ESTIMATION


BMIT SOLAPUR 30

BILL OF MATERIAL & COST ESTIMATION

8.1 Bill of material

Sr.No.

Part Name

Quantity

01 1 hp centrifugal pump 01

02 Bicycle 01

03 Pulley 01

04 Pipes 02

05 Frame 01

06 Bolt 02

07 Nuts 04

08 Belt 01

09 Footwall 01

Table No 8.1


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8.2. Cost estimation

a) Direct cost

b) Indirect cost

c) Manufacturing cost

d) Transportation cost

a) Direct cost

Sr No.

Particulars

Amount (Rs.)

01

1 hp centrifugal pump

2000 /-

02

Angle

300 /-

03

Bicycle

3000 /-

04

Belt

87 /-

05

Pulley

45/-

06

Pipes & coupling

100 /-

07

nut-bolts

30 /-

08

Footwall

25 /-

Total

5587 /-

Table No 8.2


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b) Indirect cost

Sr No.

Particulars

Amount (Rs.)

01

Welding rods

100 /-

02

Cotton Waste

40 /-

03

Lubricating oil & grease

50 /-

04

Colour

100 /-

05

Polish paper

120 /-

Total

310 /-

Table No 8.3

c) Manufacturing cost

Sr No.

Operation

Amount (Rs.)

01

Welding

200 /-

02

Machining

200 /-

Total

400 /-

Table No 8.4


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d) Transportation cost

Sr No. Description Amount (Rs.)

01 Transportation 500 /-

Table No 8.5

Total cost

Total cost = total a + total b + total c + total d

= 5587 + 310 + 400 + 500

= 6797 /-


BMIT SOLAPUR 34

Chapter No 9

ADVANTAGES, LIMITATIONS, APPLICATION&

FUTURE SCOPE


BMIT SOLAPUR 35

ADVANTAGES, LIMITATIONS, APPLICATION & FUTURE

SCOPE

9.1 Advantages

With the help of this mechanism we can get highest discharge of 40 feet.

As these days electricity is so vital and costly, our mechanism doesnt require

any electricity.

With this mechanism we can lift the water as well as we can exercise. So this

is dual purpose machine.

Project can be manufactured easily at any workshop,

All components, assemblies and bought out components are easily and

cheaply available.

It can be maintained and repaired at very low cost,

This unit is safe, nonpolluting & eco friendly.

This unit can be operated at any condition (dry ,wet ,humid).

This unit is trouble free & non hazardous.

It does not require any fuel.

It does not require any skilled worker for operating.

It can be portable.

9.2 Limitations

This unit is operator dependent.

Speed (rpm) cannot be maintained constant.

Centrifugal pump is not self priming.


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9.3 Future scope

This equipment can be standardized with optimum design consideration,

Floor space can be reduced by shifting the pump on back wheel carriage.

Strainers and filters can be attached on the suction side to avoid the entries of

dust particles.

Measuring devices like pressure gauge &tachometer can be provided for

actual measurement.

9.4Application

Water lifting unit for multistory building.

Used as an exercise unit.

It can be used to lift the water from foundation pits in civil construction

work.

It can be used in agriculture

It can be used in hydraulic testing of machines like compressor etc.

It can be used to drain out the flood water.

It can be used for watering the plant in the garden.

It can be used in villages for pumping out the water from the wells.

It can be used for cleaning the underground water tank.


BMIT SOLAPUR 37

Chapter No 10

CONCLUSION


BMIT SOLAPUR 38

CONCLUSION

In this project we come to the conclusion that, on small scale water can be lifted

manually by using the apparatus. It can be useful not only for lifting water but one can

also use it for exercise purpose. It can also be useful at service stations for cleaning of

vehicles.


BMIT SOLAPUR 39

REFERANCES

Books

1) V.B. Bhandari, Design of Machine Elements, Tata McGraw Hill, second edition.

2) Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines by R.K. Bansal.

3) P.S. Gill,Design Data Book 2nd

edition.

Websites

1)https://www. Nif.org.in/?q=cycle_operated_water-lifting_pump.com.

(04-08-2012)

2) https://www.machinedesign.com

3) http://www.wikipidia.com


BMIT SOLAPUR 40

PHOTO WITH GUIDE

design and development of manually operated domestic water pump

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