DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE TUNNELS IN SOIL AND FAULTED ROCKTUNNELS IN SOIL AND FAULTED ROCK

LAINZER TUNNEL PROJECT

Josef Daller, iC consulenten, Vienna - Austria

International NATM Workshop Singapore 2010

LAINZER TUNNEL PROJECT

2NATM Workshop 2010

LAINZER TUNNEL PROJECT

Total Length : 12,8 km

14

Mined tunnels in FlyschMined tunnels in soil

14. Penzing Cut & Cover tunnels

15. Rudolfsheim

Fünfhaus

Transition Lainzer- to Wienerwaldtunnel

13. Hietzing

12. Meidling

LT 44

3NATM Workshop 2010

LAINZER TUNNEL PROJECT – CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44

single-track tunnels

single-track tunnelssingle-track tunnels

double-track tunnel

excavation of double-track tunnel

cut&cover tunnel

4NATM Workshop 2010

■ 2 starting shafts

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 - OVERVIEW

■ 957,4 m single-track tubes with about 84 m2

ecavation cross section

■ 128,5 m double-track tube with about 129 m2

ecavation cross section

110 9 id i f d bl t k t b t ■ 110,9 m widening of double track tube to maximum 182 m2 in 3 steps

■ 89 m special section with concrete pillar at ■ 89 m special section with concrete pillar at transition to single track tubes

■ 2 Emergency exit shafts and emergency galleriesg y g y g

■ Conventional tunneling by using NATM

■ Overburden between 7,5 m and 15,5 m

5NATM Workshop 2010

■ Overburden between 7,5 m and 15,5 m

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – GEOLOGY/HYDROGEOLOGY

T ti il f Mi ä (P )■ Tertiary soil of Miozäns (Pannon)

■ Consisting mainly of silt/clayey silt with intercalations of sand and gravel gently dippingintercalations of sand and gravel, gently dipping

■ In some areas sand and gravel layers are well cemented

■ Mainly two groundwater aquifers, seperated bylayers of silt/clayey silt

■ Lowering of groundwater table ahead of tunneling, mainly by vertical wells

6NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – GEOLOGY/HYDROGEOLOGY

TYPICAL GEOLOGICAL PROFILE

SANDFILL

7NATM Workshop 2010

SILT

FILL

GRAVEL

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – SOIL PARAMETER FOR FE-ANALYSES

Unit weight/Unit weight  Young`s 

Type of SoilFriction Angle Cohesion

under bouyancy void ratio

Modulus first loading

Young`s Modulus unloading/reloading

Poisson Ratio Permeability

f c g/g` e E1 E2 ν k

[°] [kN/m²] [kN/m³] [‐] [MN/m²] [MN/m²] [‐] [m/s][ ] [ / ] [ / ] [ ] [ / ] [ / ] [ ] [ / ]

Fill material 25 5 20/10 0,65 15 30 0,37 ‐

Gravel 35 5 22/12 0,38 130 200 0,30 1x10‐3

Silty Sand 30 10 21 5/11 5 0 43 80 120 0 33 5x10‐5Silty Sand 30 10 21,5/11,5 0,43 80 120 0,33 5x10Clayey Silt/Silt 20 40 20,5/10,5 0,67 35 60 0,40 1x10‐8

8NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – SINGLE-TRACK TUBES

CROSS SECTION• Single-track tube• Shotcrete lining (min. 30 cm) • Watertight inner lining (d=50cm)• Excavation area 84 m²

9NATM Workshop 2010

• Excavation subdivided in top heading, bench

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – SINGLE-TRACK TUBESEXCAVATION AND SUPPORTExcavation subdivided in top heading, benchand invert

• Excavation in several steps in top headingand bench

• Round length : Top heading 1.0 mBench 1.0 mInvert arch 2.0 m

• Short ring closure distance (max. 8 m behindtop heading face)

• Min 30 cm reinforced shotcrete (2 layers of• Min. 30 cm reinforced shotcrete (2 layers of wire mesh)

• Application of lattice girder and forepoling (length 3 – 4 m)

• Face support: Reinforced shotcrete (5-10 cm)pp ( )12 m face bolts (overlap 6 m)Support core

• Underground: Silt/silty Sand/Sand• Max. settlements: Surface 10 mm

Existing railway 5 mmBuildings 12 mm

10NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – SINGLE-TRACK TUBES

MONITORING RESULTS

ENGLAGEENGLAGEENGLAGEENGLAGEENGLAGEENGLAGEENGLAGEENGLAGEENGLAGEENGLAGEENGLAGE

10 mm20 mm30 mm

OT 10 mm20 mm30 mm

OT 10 mm20 mm30 mm

OT 10 mm20 mm30 mm

10 mm20 mm30 mm

10 mm20 mm30 mm

10 mm20 mm30 mm

10 mm20 mm30 mm

10 mm20 mm30 mm

10 mm20 mm30 mm

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10 mm20 mm30 mm

10 mm20 mm30 mm

OT

10 mmFirste

20 mm

10 mmFirste

20 mm

10 mmFirste

20 mm

10 mmFirste

20 mm

10 mmFirste

20 mm

10 mmFirste

20 mm

10 mmFirste

20 mm

10 mmFirste

20 mm

10 mmFirste

20 mmver.

20 mm10 mm

5 mm

Linke Ulmever.

20 mm10 mm

5 mm

Linke Ulmever.

20 mm10 mm

5 mm

ver.

20 mm10 mm

5 mm

ver.

20 mm10 mm

5 mm

ver.

20 mm10 mm

5 mm

ver.

20 mm10 mm

ver.

20 mm10 mm

5 mm5 mm

Linke Ulme

hor.

h

ver.

20 mm10 mm

Rechte Ulme

hor.

h

ver.

20 mm10 mm

Rechte Ulme

hor.

h

ver.

20 mm10 mm

hor.

h

ver.

20 mm10 mm

hor.

h

ver.

20 mm10 mm

hor.hor.hor.

h

ver.

20 mm10 mm

h

ver.

20 mm10 mm

ver.

20 mm10 mm

Rechte Ulme

11NATM Workshop 2010

hor.

5 mm

hor.

5 mm

hor.

5 mm

hor.

5 mm

hor.

5 mm

hor.

5 mm

hor.

5 mm

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – SINGLE-TRACK TUBES

PHOTOS

12NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – DOUBLE-TRACK TUBE

CROSS SECTION• Double-track tube• Shotcrete lining (min. 35 cm) • Watertight inner lining (d=55cm)• Excavation area 129 m²

13NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – DOUBLE-TRACK TUBE

TYPICAL GEOLOGICAL PROFILES

Clayey Silt

Gravel SandClayey Silt Sand

Clayey SiltSand

Gravel

Sand

Ground Water

Clayey Silt

Geological Profile - Chainage TM 240Enlarged Cross Section

Geological Profile - Chainage TM 080

14NATM Workshop 2010

EXCAVATION AND SUPPORT

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – DOUBLE-TRACK TUBE

• Excavation subdivided in sidewall galleries and core drive• Each drive subdivided into several top heading, bench and

invert arch

EXCAVATION AND SUPPORT

• Round length : Top heading 1.0 mBench 1.0 mInvert arch 2.0 m

• Short ring closure distance (max. 8 m behindh di f )heading face)

• Min. 35cm reinforced shotcrete (with 2 layers of wire mesh), temp. side walls min. 30 cm shotcrete

• Application of lattice girder or steel arches (temp. side wall)and forepoling (length 3 – 4 m)and forepoling (length 3 4 m)

• Face support: Reinforced shotcrete (5-10 cm)12 m face bolts (overlap 6 m)Support core in top heading

• Underground: Silt/silty sand/Sand• Max. settlements: Surface 30 mm

High voltage power line 25 mmDistrict heating supply gallery 12 mm

15NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – DOUBLE-TRACK TUBE

EXCAVATION SEQUENCE – Longitudinal Profile

min. 20 m

min. 20 mmin. 20 m

min. 20 m

16NATM Workshop 2010

EXCAVATION SEQUENCE – Plan

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – DOUBLE-TRACK TUBE

EXCAVATION SEQUENCE – Sidewall Galleries

i 20min. 20 m

EXCAVATION SEQUENCE Core Drivemin. 20 m

EXCAVATION SEQUENCE – Core Drive

17NATM Workshop 2010

Max. 10 m in 24 h

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – DOUBLE-TRACK TUBE

Monitoring Results – Sidewall GalleriesMonitoring Results – Sidewall Galleries

18NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – DOUBLE-TRACK TUBE

19NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – DOUBLE-TRACK TUBE

20NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – DOUBLE-TRACK TUBE

21NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – WIDENING OF DOUBLE-TRACK TUBE

CROSS SECTION• Double-track tube

Sh t t li i ( i 35 )• Shotcrete lining (min. 35 cm) • Watertight inner lining (d=60cm)• Excavation area max. 182 m²• Overburden 10 – 12 m

above tunnel crown

22NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – WIDENING OF DOUBLE-TRACK CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 WIDENING OF DOUBLE TRACK TUBE

23NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – WIDENING OF DOUBLE-CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 WIDENING OF DOUBLETRACK TUBE

COMPARISON OF CALCULATION AND MONITORING RESULTS

Settlements/deformations Calculation results Monitoring ResultsE ti U I + U II

COMPARISON OF CALCULATION AND MONITORING RESULTS

Excavation U I + U IISurface settlements 23 - 31 mm 17 mmSettlements in soilb t l

25 - 37 mmi l d f ti “ 18 mmabove tunnel crown incl. „pre-deformation“

Crown Settlements UI/UII(shotcrete lining) 9 mm 5 mm

Excavation CoreExcavation CoreSurface settlements 55 - 62 mm 32 mmSettlements in soilabove tunnel crown

24 - 38 mmincl pre deformation“ 38 mmabove tunnel crown incl. „pre-deformation

Crown Settlements Core(shotcrete lining) 10 mm 6 mm

24NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CENTRAL CONCRETE PILLAR

Overburden: 12 – 15 m above tunnel crown

25NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CENTRAL CONCRETE PILLAR

OT

FU OSW..

OT

FU OSW..

Firste

15 mm20 mm

Firste

15 mm20 mm

15 mm

Linke Ulmevertikal

15 mm

Linke Ulmevertikal

horizontal

15 mm

10 mmhorizontal

15 mm

10 mm

Rechte Ulmevertikal

15 mm

Rechte Ulmevertikal

15 mm

26NATM Workshop 2010

horizontal10 mm

horizontal10 mm

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CENTRAL CONCRETE PILLAR

Trend Kalotte – 0mTrend Kalotte – 6mTrend Kalotte – 0mTrend Kalotte – 6mTrend Kalotte – 0mTrend Kalotte – 6mTrend Kalotte – 12m

OT

Trend Kalotte – 12mTrend Kalotte – 12m

OT

25 mm

15 mm

25 mm

15 mm

25 mmFirste Mitte

5 mm

25 mmFirste Mitte

5 mm

vertikal

horizontal

5 mm

5 mm

vertikal

horizontal

5 mm

5 mm

Rechte Ulme

vertikal

horizontal

10 mm

5 mmRechte Ulme

vertikal

horizontal

10 mm

5 mm

27NATM Workshop 2010

horizontal5 mm

horizontal5 mm

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CENTRAL CONCRETE PILLAR

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CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CENTRAL CONCRETE PILLAR

29NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CROSSING OF HEATING PIPE

DISTRICT HEATING PIPEDISTRICT HEATING PIPE

JET GROUTING

30NATM Workshop 2010

FILL

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CROSSING OF HEATING PIPE

GRAVEL

SILT/CLAYEY SILT

SAND/SILTY SAND

31NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CROSSING OF HEATING PIPE

44305

menstollen I44305

menstollen I44305

menstollen I

44310

44

44320

Ulme

44310

44

44320

Ulme

44310

44

44320

Ulme

44325

44326

44325

44326

44325

44326

LegendeLegende

32NATM Workshop 2010

Legende

UT Messpunkte in HBW-Pressrohr

Legende

UT Messpunkte in HBW-Pressrohr

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CROSSING OF HEATING PIPETEIL 1 (44305 – 44317)TEIL 1 (44305 – 44317)TEIL 1 (44305 – 44317)

TEIL 2 (44317 – 44330)TEIL 2 (44317 – 44330)TEIL 2 (44317 – 44330)

Max. Settlements of Heating Pipe• 8 mm after Sidewall Gallery I• total 13 mm after Sidewall Gallery II• total 24 mm after excavation of top heading Core• total 28 mm after invert excavation

33NATM Workshop 2010

Settlement Trough along Heating Pipe

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CROSSING OF HEATING PIPE

34NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – CROSSING OF HEATING PIPE

35NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – EXCAVATION UNDER HIGH VOLTAGE CABLES

FILL

GRAVELSAND/SILTY SANDSAND/SILTY SANDSILT/CLAYEY SILT

JET GROUTING OF SAND AND GRAVEL LAYERS11

,5 m

10 m

36NATM Workshop 2010

VerformungVerformungSETTLEMENT/HEAVE

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – EXCAVATION UNDER HIGH VOLTAGE CABLES

Hebungen infolge DSV-ArbeitenHebungen infolge DSV-Arbeiten

HEAVE DUE TO JET GROUTING

KrümmungKrümmung

CURVARURE

Max. Krümmung: 0,0008 = 1/R = 1/1250Max. Krümmung: 0,0008 = 1/R = 1/1250max. curvature:

CURVARURE

37NATM Workshop 2010

• Spacing of monitoring sections max. 10 m • Settlement monitoring in heating supply line

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING

• Daily readings at least up to 30 m behind excavation face • Sub-surface targets installed on power line

38NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – INSITU CONCRETE LINING

39NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – GEOTECHNICAL MONITORINGCONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING

GEOTECHNICAL MONITORINGGEOTECHNICAL MONITORING:• surface settlements (buildings, utilities, railway tracks, roads, etc.)• displacements of tunnel liningdisplacements of tunnel lining• level of shotcrete loading (by analyses based on deformation

monitoring)• extensometer• tunnel face monitoring (without reflectors)• vibration monitoringvibration monitoring

40NATM Workshop 2010

+ automatic monitoring from

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING

+ automatic monitoring fromfixed monitoring stations(measurements every 15 min)

+ if monitoring results exeed+ if monitoring results exeeddefined alarm levels

alarm by SMS

Stationäre Messstellen

MonitoringStations

MesspunktMonitoring Target

41NATM Workshop 2010

MesspunktMonitoring Target

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING

42NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING

MONITORING OF EXCAVATION FACE DISPLACEMENTS

+ t ti it i+ automatic monitoringof face displacementswithout reflectors

+ monitoring of 30 spots(measurements every 5 minutes).

+ if monitoring resultsexeed defined alarmlevels

alarm by SMS

43NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING

1 2

HorizontalrisseHorizontal cracks

43 43

HorizontalrisseHorizontal cracks

44NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING

45NATM Workshop 2010

CONSTRUCTION LOT LT44 – TRACK SUPERSTRUCTURE

46NATM Workshop 2010