descriptive research grup 3

7/30/2019 Descriptive Research Grup 3

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DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

GROUP 3

Casiyah, Saidatun N., Adriani P.S.

Masters In Linguistics

DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY

2011


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Definition

Characteristics

Types of Descriptive Research

Purposes

Advantages and Disadvantages

Conclusion


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What is Descriptive Research?

Descriptive research is conducted to make thedescription of facts, characteristics and relationships

between phenomenon that investigated

systematically, factually and accurately (Nazir,

2005:54) .

According to Narbuko and Achmadi (2007: 44) a

descriptive research is a research which attempts todescribe problem solving based on the data in recent

condition. It presents, analyzes and interprets the

data.


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Descriptive research is concerned withconditions or relationships that exist, opinions

that are held, processes that are going on;

effects that are being evident, or trends that are

developing (Best 1981:93)

It is concerned with how what is or what exists

isrelated to some proceding event that hasinfluenced or affected a present condition or

event.


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CHARACTERISTICS

Best (1981: 106) has presented five characteristics which

distinguish descriptive research from other types of

research.

1. It is non experimental, for it deals with therelationships between non-manipulated variables in a

natural, rather than artificial, setting. Since the events

or conditions have already occurred or exist, the

researcher selects the relevant variables for ananalysis of their relationships.

2. It involves hypothesis formulation and testing.


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CONT....

3. It uses the logical methods of inductive-deductivereasoning to arrive at generalizations.

4. It often employs the methods of randomization so that

error may be estimated when inferring population

characteristics from observations of samples.

5. The variables and procedures are described asaccurately and completely as possible so that the study

can be replicated by other researchers.


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According to Nazir (2005: 61-62) descriptive method has two

criteria. They are general criteria and specific criteria.

General criteria:

a) The problem which is formulated should be proper, there is a

scientific value and not too wide.

b) The purpose of research should be obvious, explicit, and not too

general.

c) The data of the research should reliable fact and not from the

opinion.

d) The standard which is to make a comparison should have validity.

e) It should be a clear description about time and place of research.

f) The result of research should have contents in detail either of

collecting data or analyzing data with literature study.


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CONT.

Specific criteria

a) The principles and the data which is used should be

declared in value.

b) The facts and the principles which is used about

status problem.

c) It has ex post facto characteristic, so there is nocontrol to variable and the researcher does not hold

the arrangement or manipulation to variable.


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PURPOSES

The purposes of the descriptive research (Best, 1981:

107) are:

To describe prevailing practices or condition.

To discover the relative importanceof, or interest in,certain topics or problem

To discover level of difficulty of presentation in

textbooks or in other publications.

To evaluate bias, prejudice, or propaganda in

textbook presentation.


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ADVANTAGES

According to Subana and Sudrajat (2009: 37), the

descriptive research has some advantages such

as:

1) It is preferable in various kinds of investigation;

2) It is logic to give information;

3) It is suitable for normative standard research

based on general condition.


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DISADVANTAGES

Subana and Sudrajat (2009: 37) stated that thedisadvantages of descriptive research are:

1) This research can be bias;2) The result of this research is limited due to that the

independent variables can not be manipulated and

subject can not be randomly assigned to treatment

group;

3) This research can be invalid since causes are often

multiple than single.


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CONT....

To analize types of errors in studentswork.

To analyzes the use of symbols representing

persons, political parties or institutions, countries,

or points of view. To identify the literary style, concepts, beliefs of a

writer.

To explain the possible causal factors related tosome outcome, action or even.


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TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

These are several types of descriptive research

(Nazir, 2005:55):

1. Survey

2. Continuity (Longitudinal)

3. Case study

4. Job and activity analysis research

5. A comparative study

6. Time and motion study


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CONCLUSION

Descriptive research is a research which solves

the problem by describing the facts that exist

in certain condition without any data

treatment or nonmanipulated data.

The result of this resarch illustrates the real

condition of the object which is investigated.

The use of statistics may help to interpretate

data and to draw conclusion.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2001. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan

Praktik. Yogyakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Best, John W. 1981. Research in Education. Prentice Hall Inc.

Fink, Arlene. 1995. How to Sample in Surveys. California: Sage

Publication Ltd.

Hadi, Sutrisno.1982. Methodology Research. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset

Hornby, A.A. 1974. Oxford AdvancedLearners

Dictionnary of CurrentEnglish.London: Oxford University Press.

Maxfield, E.N. The Case Study. Education Res.


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Narbuko, Cholid and Achmadi, Abu. 2007. Metodologi

Penelitian. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara

Nawawi, Hadari. 1995. Metode Penelitian Bidang

Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Nazir, Moh. 2005. Metode Penelitian. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia.

Subana, M and Sudrajat.2009. Dasar-dasar Penelitian Ilmiah. Bandung:

Pustaka Setia.

Syakur, M. 1994. Prinsip Dasar Metodologi Penelitian

Bahasa. Surakarta:Sebelas Maret University Press.

Whitney, E.L and Milholland, M. 1933. A Four Year Continuation Study

of aTeachers College Class. Education Res.


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THANK YOU

descriptive research grup 3

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