•Describe characteristics of early man

•Explain impact of geography on human societies

•Analyze cave art for clues of technology, religion

•Describe how human lifestyles changed Neolithic Era

Objectives

Early Man

Early Man, 1-1, 1-2

How do we know how humans lived thousands of years ago?

•Archaeologists study Artifacts (man-made objects)•Anthropologists study culture ( a people’s unique way of life)•Paleontologists study fossils

During the Paleolithic Era(Old Stone Age)

•Humans (HomoSapiens) emerged in Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 yearsago.

Homo Sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. (Every continent except Antarctica!) Land and ice bridges connected the continents.

How did humans migrate from Asiainto the Americas?

Land/Ice Bridges connected Siberia and Alaska

Today, the body of waterthat once formedan ice bridge betweenRussia and Alaska is called the Bering Strait

Early humans were hunters and gatherers who survived by hunting animals and gathering wild plants, berries and nuts for food.

They had to adaptto their physical environment.

How?

Early human societies (hunter-gatherer societies)

•Were nomadic (migrated in search of food, water and shelter)

•Invented the first tools, including simple weapons

•Learned how to make fire

•Lived in clans

•Developed oral language

•Created “cave art”

Archaeologistsuse a scientific method called Carbon Dating to tell the age offossils and artifactsAdd this to your notes.

Neolithic Age Begins 8000 BCE

The New Stone Age

The Ice Age is ending and the earth is warming

Sea levels rise

eliminating land

bridges

As rising sea levels eliminatedland bridges, societies became isolated in the Americas, islands, andAustralia.

Aborigines are believed to be descended from the first humans who migrated to Australia during the Paleolithic era.

Agriculture develops Seeds scattered at a regular

campsite result in crops the following season

The agricultural revolution begins and over the next several hundred years, many societies begin to farm.

Agriculture first developed

in the Middle East.

What is a Revolution?

What was revolutionary about the development of Agriculture?

It completely changedThe way people lived.It led to villages,then cities, then Civilization.

Societies during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age)

•Developed agriculture

•Settled in permanent Settlements – they wereno longer nomadic

•Domesticated animals

•Used advanced tools

•Made pottery

•Developed weaving skills

Growing food instead of hunting and gathering food requires different skills:

Paleolithic skills Neolithic skills

HuntingGatheringFollowing wild herds Making simple tools Finding Caves to live in

PlantingHarvestingHerding domesticated animalsMaking advanced tools for farming, weapons, containers for seed and food storageCaves? No. Permanent settlements

Result: A Population explosion

AgriculturalRevolution

Causes Effects

Climate ChangesGlobal warmingScattering of seeds led tocrops

•People become sedentaryliving in permanent settlements•Job specialization•Population explosion

Growth of villages into Cities

Agriculture changed everything – It was a revolution becauseit led to:

Recor

Ad

Co Advanced

JJob Specialization

Advanced Cities

Complex Institutions

Record Keeping

Advanced Technology

Civilization

Aleppo and JerichoWere early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by archaeologists

is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently underexcavation in Anatolia or Asia Minor

Catal Huyuk

Stable communities such as these came during the Neolithic period.

Add to notes

With the development of agriculture, human no longer merely adapted to their environment. They learned to control their environment. Example: growing crops, domesticating animals such as goats and developing irrigation systems to control flooding.

Stonehenge, located in England provides a perfect example of humans controlling their environment. Talk to your neighbor – write down three questions you have about Stonehenge.

Photo credits

1. Slide 1: http://lh6.ggpht.com/_tiMWwV8fJZU/SSnoK-hxzGI/AAAAAAAAAJU/LUb3awGVWRg/Uplands.jpg2. Slide 2: http://www.georgewashingtonwired.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/archaeology.jpg3. Slide 5: http://hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca/beringia/images/bothseasmap.JPG4. Slide 11: http://corehealthnutrition.com/files/9912/4361/6306/grain.jpg5. Slide 13: http://www.eastchester.k12.ny.us/schools/ms/teachers/stabile/images/fertile1.jpg6. Slide 10: http://www.unpo.org/images/M_images/australia-aborigines-460.jpg