Derivation (linguistics)

In linguistics, derivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing word,

e.g. happiness and unhappy from happy, or determination from determine. It often involves the

addition of a morpheme in the form of an affix, such as -ness, un- and -ation in the preceding

examples.

Derivation stands in contrast to the process of inflection, which means the formation of grammatical

variants of the sa me word, as withdetermine/determines/determining/determined.[1]

In linguistics, derivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing word,

e.g. happiness and unhappy from happy, or determination from determine. It often involves the

addition of a morpheme in the form of an affix, such as -ness, un- and -ation in the preceding

examples.

Derivation stands in contrast to the process of inflection, which means the formation of grammatical

variants of the same word, as withdetermine/determines/determining/determined.[1]

Who is Sir Modred?

King Arthur's evil son/nephew

Who is Morgan Le Fay?

King Arthur's sister who may have been one of the queens on the barge

What does it mean to be righteous/

morally right

What is the definition of prevailed?

gained the desired effect

What does it mean to dissuade?

advise against

What is the definition of brandishing?

shaking in a threatening way

What is the definition of piteous?

deserving of pity

What is a romance hero?

larger-than-life figure usually of mysterious origins, who performs extraordinary deeds with the aid of magic

Who is the dead night that visits King Arthur in a dream?

Sir Gawain

What laid concealed in the brush and ultimately caused the outbreak of war between

King Arthur and Sir Modred?

an adder

Who tried to dissuade King Arthur from fighting Sir Modred after the battle had

broken out?

Sir Lucas

On what attempt did Sir Bedivere finally throw Excalibur into the lake?

On the 3rd try

Who wrote Le Morte d'Arthur (the work which contains "The Day of Destiny)?

Sir Thomas Malory

Who betrays King Arthur?

Sir Bedivere

Where is Arthur taken to be healed?

Avalon

What is inscribed on King Arthur's tomb?

Here lies Arthur, the once and future king.

How is King Arthur mortally wounded?

He is struck by Sir Modred's sword in the head.

What does Sir Gawain warn King Arthur against?

Not to go to battle with Sir Modred.

What happens when Sir Bedivere finally casts Excalibur into the lake?

A hand appears from below the surface and waves the sword three times before it disappears again.

What does the phrase "The once and future king" imply?

That King Arthur will return one day and resume his reign

Character and Object Identifications: Lancelot, Sir Bedivere, Sir Gawain, Arthur, Guinevere (Gwenevere), the Bishop of Canterbury, the Sankgreall (Holy Grail), Sir Brastias, Sir Pinel, Sir Patrise, Sir Bors, Nineve (the Damsel of the Lake), Excalibur

Introduction Questions: Who are the two possible knights who might be "Sir Thomas

Malory"? What do we know about their pasts? What political struggle was taking place in England during the author's life? What sources did Malory draw upon as he wrote Le

Morte?

Reading Questions:

The Poisoned Apple Before this section begins, after the quest for the Holy Grail, Lancelot turned

to spiritual matters and renounced his illicit affair with Guinevere. What is

the status of his resolution in the second paragraph of our excerpt? How does that state compare with their affair "to forehand" (earlier)?

When Lancelot speaks to Guinevere to address her concerns that he is behaving distantly towards her and warmly toward other maidens, he expressed what fear about Sir Agravain and Sir Mordred?

How does Guinevere respond to his ploy to allay suspicion? What commandment does Guinevere give to Lancelot?

Where does Lancelot go after Guinevere banishes him? Why does Guinevere "show outward" that she has great delight in all the

other knights?

What is Sir Gawain's favorite food? How does Sir Pinel's assassination attempt run awry? What is his

motivation?

How does Sir Patrise die? How does Sir Mador respond to Sir Patrise's death?

Why can't King Arthur represent Guinevere in a trial-by-combat? Who ends up as her public defender initially?

When King Arthur asks Guinevere, "What aileth you . . . that ye cannot keep Sir Lancelot upon your side," there are two ways to interpret his statement. Do you think Malory wants us to interpret this as an example of dramatic

irony, in which we as the audience know more about Lancelot and Guinevere than the king, and see the statement as ironic? Or do you think Malory wants

to suggest that King Arthur knows about Lancelot and Guinevere's affair? What is the punishment for murder in Camelot? Who shows up to take Sir Bors' place?

When Lancelot defeats Sir Mador, what two demands does he make to spare Sir Mador's life?

What is the ethical problem Lancelot voices when he says he is "ever . . . her knight in right other in wrong" (i.e., he will serve Guinevere and defend her whethr it is right or wrong to do so)?

Who comes to reveal the truth magically about the murder attempt? The Day of Destiny

How does Mordred use forgery skills to sieze power in England? Why isn't Arthur around to stop him?

Why does Guinevere lock herself upin the Tower of London with supplies

and food? What scandalous desire does Mordred have? What is the Bishop's threat that he will "curse [Mordred] with book, bell, and

candle," i.e., what Catholic rite is he threatening to use? Why is he making such a dire threat? What is Mordred's reaction?

In the battle, Sir Gawain receives a wound over the scar of an older wound

Lancelot gave him in the battle of Joyous Garde near Benwick. As he is dying, to whom does he write a final letter? What is the gist of the letter, and

what request does he make? In addition to using ink, he reveals in the last paragraph of his letter that he used what other fluid to write the letter?

According to Malory, what relic of Sir Gawain is still on display within

Dover Castle? Before the battle at Salisbury, Arthur has two dreams. What horrible imagery

appears in the first dream? In the second dream, what figure from the past appears with an oneiromantic warning? What is that warning?

When Arthur confronts Sir Mordred's forces, how many men does Mordred

have in his "grim host"? What peace pact does Arthur propose to Sir Mordred? Does this strike you as

a reasonable compromise? Why or why not? What instructions has Arthur given to his men regarding a specific military

target if they "see any sword drawn"? Why does Arthur say he gives them

this command? How does an innocent soldier end up triggering the battle by drawing his

sword in error? What's the possible symbolism of that battle-trigger in biblical terms? How

might it connect with Genesis? What about in terms of symbolism in bestiaries?

At the end of the apocalyptic battle, who is left standing on Morded's side? How many are left alive on Arthur's side? Do you agree with Sir Lucan the

Butler's assessment of who has won the field? Why or why not? What weapon does Arthur use against Mordred? Why do you suppose he

doesn't use Excalibur?

What is Mordred's last dying action? As the moon rises over the battlefield, who appears on the field before Sir

Lucan? As Sir Lucan helps lift Arthur to his horse, what happens to Sir Lucan? What instruction does Arthur give Bedivere regarding Excalibur? How does

Bedivere fail in the first two attempts? Why does he disobey Arthur in this regard?

Who and what appears in the lake when Sir Bedivere obeys Arthur? Who comes to take Arthur away as he lies injured? According to Malory, what do men say in many parts of England?

Does Malory appear to believe this legend? What does he assert instead? What is carved on Arthur's tomb, according to legend? What does this phrase

mean in English? Where does Guinevere live out her last days, and how does her personality

change?

Lecture Questions: How does King Arthur's dream connect with Boethian imagery? How is the presence of serpents and "worms" (dragons) either a bit of foreshadowing or a bit of symbolism

involving Arthur's lineage?

Our excerpt ends before the final chapter of Malory. In the full story, how does Lancelot die? Where is Guinevere buried? Lancelot?

Passage Identifications:

A: Then as the book saith, Sir Lancelot began to resort unto Queen Guinevere again and forgat the promise and the perfection that he made in the quest.

B: "And wit you well, madam, the boldness of you and me will bringus to shame and

slander; and that were me loath to see you dishonoured. And that is the cause I take upon me more for to do for damsels and maidens than ever I did toforn."

C: So the queen let make a privy dinner in London unto the knights of the Round Table, and

all was for toshow outward that she had as great joy in all other knights of the Round Table as she had in Sir Lancelot.

D: But Sir Gawain had a custom that he used daily at meat and at supper, that he loved well

all manner of fruit, and in especial apples and pears. And therefore whosomever dined other

feasted Sir Gawainw ould commonly purvey for good fruit for him.

E: "Fair lords, me repenteth of this trouble,but the case is so I may not have ado in this matter, for I must be a rightful judge. And that repenteth me that I may not do battle for my

wife, for, as I deem, this deed came never by her."

F: "What aileth you . . . that ye cannot keep Sir Lancelot upon your side?"

G: "As for our most noble King Arthur, we love him and honour him as well as ye do, but as for Queen Guinevere, we love her not, because she is a destroyer of knights."

H: And a great fire was made about an iron stake. . . . She should there be brent; for such

custom was used in those days: for favour, love, nother affinity there should be none other but righteous judgment, as well upon a king as upon a knight, and as well upon a queen as

upon another poor lady.

I: And afterward, he drew him unto Winchester, and there he took the queen, and said plainly that he would wed her (which was his uncle's wife and his father's wife). [The

queen] was passing heavy, but spake fair, and agreed to [his] will.

J: "I . . . send thee greeting, letting thee to have knowledge that the tenth day of May I was smitten upon the old wound that thou gave me afore the city of Benwick, and through that wound I am come to my death-day. . . . Wherefore I beseech thee, to return again unto this

realm and see my tomb and pray some prayer more or less for my soul. And the date of this letter was written with mine own hand and subscribed with part of my heart blood. And

therefore I require thee, most famous knight of the world, that thou wilt see my tomb."

K: And in his dream him seemed that he saw upon a chaflet a chair, and the chair was fast to a wheel, and thereupon sat [the king] in the richest cloth of gold that might be made. And the king thought there was under him, far from him, an hideous deep black water, and

therein was all manner of serpents and worms, and wild beasts, foul and horrible. And suddenly the king though that the wheel turned upside down, and he fell among the

serpents.

L: . . . he warned all his host that an they see any sword drawn, "look ye come on fircely and slay that traitor . . . for I in no way trust him."

M: Right so came out an adder of a little heath-bush, and it stang a knight in the foot. And

so when the knight felt him so stung, he looked down and saw the adder; and anon he drew his sword to slay the adder, and thought him none other harm.

N: Speaker 1: "Now give me my spear for yonger I have espied teh traitor that all this woe hath wrought."

Speaker 2: "Sir, let him be for he is unhappy. And if ye pass this unhappy day ye shall be

right well revenged. Ye have won the field; for yet we been here three on live, and with

[him] is not one of live. And therefore if ye leave off now, this wicked day of Destiny is passed."

O. And by the way he beheld that noble sword and the pommell and the haft was all

precious stones. And then he said to himself, "If I throw this rich sword in the water, thereof shall never come good, but harm and loss." And then [he] hid Excalibur under a tree, and so

soon as he might came again unto the king and said he had been at the water and had thrownthe sword into the water.

P. Yet some men say in many parts of England that King Arthur not dead, but had by the

will of Lord Jesu[s] unto another place; and men say that he shall come again, and he shall win the Holy Cross. Yet I will not say that it shall be so, but rather I would say: here in this world he changed his life

Q: HIC IACET ARTHURUS REX QUONDAM REXQUE FUTURUS

Day of Destiny

Compound Word List #1

lifetime elsewhere upside grandmother

cannot baseball fireworks passport

together become became sunflower

crosswalk basketball sweetmeat superstructure

moonlight football railroad rattlesnake

anybody weatherman throwback skateboard

meantime earthquake everything herein

sometimes also backward schoolhouse

butterflies upstream nowhere bypass

fireflies because somewhere spearmint

something another somewhat airport

anyone today himself grasshopper

inside themselves playthings footprints

therefore uplift supergiant homemade

without backbone scapegoat peppermint

Compound Word List # 2

eyeballs longhouse forget afternoon

southwest northeast alongside meanwhile

keyboard whatever blacksmith diskdrive

herself nobody seashore nearby

silversmith watchmaker subway horseback

itself headquarters sandstone limestone

underground glassmaking riverbanks touchdown

honeymoon bootstrap toothpick toothpaste

dishwasher household township shadyside

popcorn airplane pickup housekeeper

bookcase babysitter saucepan lukewarm

bluefish hamburger honeydew raincheck

thunderstorm spokesperson widespread weekend

hometown commonplace moreover pacemaker

Compound Word List # 3

supermarket supermen supernatural superpower

somebody someday somehow someone

anymore anyplace anytime anyway

backhand watchdog backlog backpack

backstage waterfall backtrack noisemaker

underage underbelly underbid undercharge

bookworm bookstore bookshelf bookend

superscript supersonic superstar supersensitive

bookkeeper bookmark bookmobile forgive

forklift format fortnight honeycomb

honeysuckle honeybee keyhole keynote

keyway keyword lifeblood lifeboat

lifeguard lifelike lifeline lifelong

forefinger forefather forehand forehead

Compound Word List # 4

onetime supercargo supercharge overabundance

backside backslap backspace backspin

undercut underdevelop underdog underestimate

superstrong supertanker superweapon superwoman

underexpose underfoot however eyesight

airfield sidekick crossover sunbathe

anywhere anyhow backache backbite

backbreaker backdrop backfire background

textbook underachieve underact underarm

keypad keypunch keystone keystroke

upstairs softball uptight upstate

supercool superego superfine superhero

foreleg foreman foresee oneself

Compound Word List # 5

washroom blackbird blackboard blackberries

upend blacktop whitecap whitefish

whitewall whitewash friendship pancake

daytime upbringing upbeat upcoming

repairman firefighter standby bedroom

blackjack blacklist blackmail blackout

uphill waterline upkeep upland

firehouse teenager carpool bellbottom

ballroom brainchild pinstripe bodywork

upward upwind upturn storerooms

deadline rainbow watermelon waterway

daybreak daybook daydream daylight

update upgrade upheaval upheld

Compound Word List # 6

upload washstand upon upperclassman

lifesaver forearm forbearer forbid

carhop carload carport carpetbagger

wastepaper upshot uplink upstage

newspaper grandchild grandparent grandchildren

fishpond fishtail hookup eyecatching

taxicab taxpayer teacup teamwork

uppercut uppercase uppermost uprising

newsreel newsstand newsworthy granddaughter

grandfather grandmaster grandaunt grandnephew

upright uproar uproot upstart

grandnieces grandson grandstand granduncle

boldface bankbook bankroll dishcloth

dishpan dishwater cardboard carefree

Compound Word List # 7

caretaker carsick carfare cargo

uptake upthrust newsroom uptime

carryall cartwheel wheelbase wheelbarrow

washcloth fishlike waterproof fishnet

newsdealer watershed newsman snowdrift

intake courtyard overflow cornmeal

underclothes overcoat undercover undercurrent

takeover talebearer taleteller tapeworm

superhuman wasteland superman superhighways

afterlife setback overland highway

mainland caveman drawbridge lifework

firebomb someplace passbook passkey

airtime firecracker sidewalk fireball

allover notebook throwaway fireproof

buttermilk footnote moonbeam Sunday

Compound Word List # 8

handmade candlelight firearm airline

crossbow sideshow software sunfish

moonstruck rattletrap weatherproof earthworm

schoolboy sweetheart butternut hereafter

playback foothill eyelid southeast

horseplay headache blueprint raindrop

weekday hammerhead foreclose foreclosure

slowdown skyscraper motherhood fatherland

forecast highball forebear mainline

slumlord snowball snakeskin soundproof

firebreak aircraft crosscut railway

earthward buttercup allspice noteworthy

playboy footlocker handgun horsepower

rainstorm bluegrass cheeseburger weeknight

headlight bedrock standoff commonwealth

Compound Word List # 9

cancan fireboat airlift Passover

crossbreed sideburns sunbaked moonshine

schoolbook hereby playhouse butterfingers

footlights handbook backslide eyelash

steamship headline spillway houseboat

longhand horsehair standpipe whatsoever

foresight soybean bookseller blueberry

cheesecake raincoat thunderbolt standpoint

bedroll cardsharp bellboy brainwash

bodyguard pinhole ponytail newsboy

careworn duckpin duckbill hookworm

courthouse afterimage highchair mothball

sixfold skintight skylight slapstick

snowbank standout handout eyeglasses

footrest stepson stockroom stonewall

Compound Word List # 10

sailboat watchword timesaving timeshare

salesclerk showoff sharecropper sheepskin

candlestick newsbreak newscaster newsprint

butterscotch turnabout turnaround turnbuckle

eyewitness starfish stagehand spacewalk

shoemaker turndown turnkey turnoff

horsefly comedown comeback cabdriver

bluebird tablespoon tabletop tableware

stoplight sunlit sandlot snowbird

bluebell wheelhouse fishhook fishbowl

stronghold tailgate taillight taillike

pinup tailspin takeoff takeout

bellhop taproot target taskmaster

steamboat dairymaid teaspoon daisywheel

pinwheel telltale tenderfoot tenfold

Compound Word List # 11

timekeeper watchword timesaving timeshare

shoelace showoff sharecropper sheepskin

newfound newsbreak newscaster newsprint

timetable turnabout turnaround turnbuckle

sharpshooter starfish stagehand spacewalk

turncoat turndown turnkey turnoff

aboveboard comedown comeback cabdriver

tablecloth tablespoon tabletop tableware

sundial sunlit sandlot snowbird

wheelchair wheelhouse fishhook fishbowl

tagalong tailgate taillight taillike

tailpiece tailspin takeoff takeout

taproom taproot target taskmaster

teammate dairymaid teaspoon daisywheel

showplace telltale tenderfoot tenfold

Compound Word List # 12

shortbread teapot timesaving timeshare

firewater airmen sharecropper sheepskin

moonscape schoolwork newscaster newsprint

hereupon weathercock turnaround turnbuckle

handcuff headdress stagehand spacewalk

housetop forever turnkey turnoff

tailcoat bedclothes comeback cabdriver

upstanding fisheye tabletop tableware

afterglow highland sandlot snowbird

sisterhood skylark fishhook fishbowl

waistline walkways taillight taillike

walleyed wallpaper takeoff takeout

wardroom warehouse target taskmaster

warlike warmblooded teaspoon daisywheel

warpath telltale tenderfoot tenfold

Compound Word List # 13

around washbowl fisherman schoolbus

ashtray washboard beachcomb washout

blackball upmarket washtub wastebasket

sunroof sundown snowshovel sunup

upset wastewater superimpose watchband

jailbait jetliner dogwood downbeat

atchcase backlash watchman below

jetport boardwalk jackpot ballpark

watchtower timepieces watercolor watercooler

gumball goodbye nevermore coffeemaker

watercraft backstroke waterfront waterlog

moonwalk woodshop jellyfish waterfowl

uphold watermark fishmonger waterpower

shipbottom goodnight nutcracker racquetball

waterscape newsletter waterside waterspout

Compound Word List # 14

scarecrow toolbox gearshift tailbone

watertight waterworks waterwheel wavelength

thunderbird bugspray overshoes paycheck

wavelike warfare waxwork waybill

bowtie crewcut typewriter jumpshot

wayfarer waylaid wayward wayside

deadend eardrum postcard fruitcup

overboard jellybean centercut rubberband

sunray clockwise downunder earache

turntable driveway matchbox motorcycle

nightfall graveyard carrack doorstop

tadpole eggshell stopwatch limelight

ironwork cattail nursemaid sunglasses

wipeout egghead eardrop earthbound

daybed earring housework haircut

Compound Word List New

blowgun forethought upscale

duckweed forewarn upstroke

bowlegs foreknowledge uptown

forebrain foregone washhouse

forefeet foreshadow washrag

forefoot foretold

forego foreword

foreground grassland

butterball horseman

forecastle horseradish

foremost moonlit

forepaws catwalk

cardstock newborn

foredoom newsperson

forestall rainwater

Compound (linguistics) In , a compound is a (less precisely, a ) that consists of more than

one . Compounding or composition is the process of that creates compound lexemes (the

other word-formation process being ). That is, in familiar terms, compounding occurs when

two or more words are joined together to make them one word. The meaning of the

compound may be very different from the meanings of its components in isolation.

Compound Words (190 Words)

=== Things You Can Do w ith This Word List ===

airport anymore anyplace anything anywhere armchair backache background

backpack basketball bathrobe bathtub battleship bedroom beeline birthday blackboard bookcase booklet bookshelf bookworm briefcase buttercup butterfly campfire campground candlestick cardboard carpet chopstick classmate clockwise courtyard cowboy cupboard cutlet daredevil daydream dishwasher dishwater doorbell doormat doorstep doorstop doorway dragonfly droplet earache earrings evergreen everybody everyday eyeball fingerprint firearm firefighter fireplace fireproof fireworks

fishtail football footprint forecast foresee forget forgive fourfold friendship gentleman goldfish goldfish grandfather grandmother grandstand grasshopper graveyard greenhouse groundnut hailstorm hallway handcuff headache headlight headmaster headmistress heartbeat heartbroken highway homework honeycomb hookworm horsefly houseboat inside jawbone ladybug landlady landlord leadership leaflet lengthwise lighthouse loudspeaker masterpiece matchstick meatball moonlight myself necktie newspaper

nobody offhand online otherwise outdoor outfield outfit outgrow outlaw outlet outnumber outpatient outside overboard overdose overdue pancake partnership penknife photocopy playground playroom popcorn postman railway rainbow raindrops rattlesnake ringworm sandbags sandcastle sandpaper seafood seashore seaweed shipwreck shoestring shortbread skateboard skyscraper snowboard snowstorm something soundproof spaceship staircase starlight stomachache strawberry sunlight sunshine

superhuman superimpose supernatural surfboard tailgate teacup teapot thunderstorm tightrope timetable tombstone toolbox toothbrush understand wallpaper wardrobe warship watermelon waterproof weekend wheelbarrow wheelchair woodcutter woodland woodpile woodshed woodwork woodworm yourself

Examples of Synonyms Synonyms are words that are similar or have a related meaning to another word. They can be lifesavers, especially when you want to avoid repeating the same words over and over. Also,

sometimes the word you have in mind might not be the most appropriate word, which is why finding the right synonym can come in handy. Luckily, we do not have to go searching the

recesses of our mind to come up with a list of synonyms; there are numerous online tools providing synonym examples at our disposal including right here at YourDictionary.com

Here is a list of adjectives and their synonyms that are commonly used to describe

people.

Beautiful: Attractive, Pretty, Lovely, Stunning

Fair: Just, Objective, Impartial, Unbiased Funny: Humorous, Comical, Hilarious, Hysterical Happy: Content, Joyful, Mirthful, Upbeat

Hardworking: Diligent, Determined, Industrious, Enterprising Honest: Honorable, Fair, Sincere, Trustworthy

Intelligent: Smart, Bright, Brilliant, Sharp

Introverted: Shy, Bashful, Quiet, Withdrawn Kind:Thoughtful, Considerate, Amiable, Gracious

Lazy: Idle, Lackadaisical, Lethargic, Indolent Mean: Unfriendly, Unpleasant, Bad-tempered, Difficult

Outgoing: Friendly, Sociable, Warm, Extroverted Rich: Affluent, Wealthy, Well-off, Well-to-do Strong: Stable, Secure, Solid, Tough

Unhappy: Sad, Depressed, Melancholy, Miserable Lucky: Auspicious, Fortunate

Positive: Optimistic, Cheerful, Starry-eyed, Sanguine Bossy: Controlling, Tyrannical