department of social development nodal baseline survey: thabo mofutsanyane results*

1

Department of Social Department of Social Development nodal baseline Development nodal baseline

survey:survey:

Thabo Mofutsanyane results*Thabo Mofutsanyane results*

* The baseline survey sampled Thabo Mofutsanyane (the DM) in line with the first StatsSA

baseline, which did the same, to allow comparability of results. In this presentation, most

results are at DM level; where possible we provide data for Maluti-a-Phofung as well.

2

Objectives of overall project • Conduct socio-economic and demographic baseline study

and situational analyses of DSD services across the 14 ISRDP and 8 URP Nodes

• Integrate existing provincial research activities in the 10 ISRDP nodes of the UNFPA’s 2nd Country Programme

• Monitor and evaluate local projects, provide SLA support• Identify and describe types of services being delivered

(including Sexual Reproductive Health Services)• Establish the challenges encountered in terms of delivery

& make recommendations regarding service delivery gaps and ultimately overall improvement in service delivery

• Provide an overall assessment of impact of these services• Project began with baseline & situational analysis; then on-

going nodal support; and will end in 2008 with second qualitative evaluation and a second survey, a measurement survey that looks for change over time.

3

Methodology for generating these results

• First-ever integrated nodal baseline survey in all nodes, urban and rural

• All results presented here based on original, primary data

• Sample based on census 2001; stratified by municipality in ISRDP and wards in URP; then probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling used in both urban and rural, randomness via selection of starting point and respondent; external back-checks to ensure fieldwork quality

• 8387 interviews completed in 22 nodes• Sample error margin: 1.1% - nodal error margin:

4.9%• This presentation is only Thabo Mofutsanyane (and

some Maluti) data: national report & results are available from DSD.

4

How to read these findings• Baseline survey on 5 major areas of

DSD/government work:– Poverty– Development– Social Capital– Health Status– Service Delivery

• Indices created to track strengths and challenges in each area; and combined to create a global nodal index. Allows comparison within and across node, overall and by sector.

• Using this index, high index score = bad news• Nodes colour-coded on basis of ranking relative to

other nodes – Red: Really bad compared to others– Yellow: OK– Green: Better than others

5

Findings

• Detailed baseline report available

– Published November 2006

– Detailed findings across all nodes

– Statistical tables available for all nodes

– Background chapter of secondary data available for each node

– Qualitative situation analysis available per node

• This presentation

– High level Thabo Mofutsanyane-specific findings

– Thabo Mofutsanyane scorecard on key indicators

– Identify key strengths/weakness for the node and target areas for interventions

• What next?

– 2008 will see qualitative evaluation and second quantitative survey to measure change over time

6

Thabo Mofutsanyane Scorecard

Index RatingPoverty Social Capital Deficit Development Deficit Service Delivery Deficit Health Deficit Global

Compared with other nodes, Thabo Mofutsanyane has a range of scores -

warning lights are flashing for social capital and service delivery; poverty

is less severe than the ISRDP average; while development awareness and

health get an average score, as does the overall global rating. Social

capital and service delivery are priority issues for this node, when

compared with others in the ISRDP.

7

Poverty indexPoverty Index - ISRDP Nodes

18%

36%41% 43% 46% 46% 47% 50% 50% 52%

55% 56% 57% 58%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Central Karoo

Thabo

MofutsanyaneBushbuckridge

MarulengKgalagadiSekhukhune

Chris HaniUkhahlamba

Ugu

ZululandO.R. TamboAlfred NzoUmzinyathi

Umkhanyakude

The poverty deficit index is based on 10 indicators (see table below), given equal

weighting. Thabo Mofutsanyane has the second lowest level of poverty of the 14

ISRDP nodes. Female headed households Overcrowding

Unemployment No refuse removal

No income No RDP standard water

Informal housing No RDP standard sanitation

Functional illiteracy No electricity for lighting

8

Poverty deficit

Priority

Poverty Measures: Thabo Mafutsanyane vs. ISRDP Avg

27%

2%

30%20%

60%43%

69% 73%

35%

5%

65%

4%

51%

30%

75%

53%

80% 78%

38%

2%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

No RDPwater Over-

crowding Informaldwelling

No electrcity

4 lightsNo refuse

removal Female-headed HH

No RDPsanitation

Unemployed

Illiterate`no regular

income

Thabo Mafutsanyane ISRDP Avg

Difference vs ISRDP Avg

-59% -56%-41% -34% -21% -18% -14% -7% -6%

151%

-100%

-50%

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

No RDPwater Over-


No electrcity

4 lightsNo refuse


No RDPsanitation

Unemployed

Illiterate`no regular

income

Thabo Mofutsanyane is less poor than most ISRDP nodes, indicated by the Thabo Mofutsanyane is less poor than most ISRDP nodes, indicated by the green barsgreen bars - -

these indicate areas where the node is performing better than other ISRDP nodesthese indicate areas where the node is performing better than other ISRDP nodes

Lack of regular

income is far

more common in

this node than

other ISRDP

nodes.

9

Poverty: comparing Thabo Mofutsanyane with Maluti-a-Phofung

Poverty Measures: Thabo Mafutsanyane vs. Maluti-a-Phofung Avg

27%

2%

30%20%

60%43%

69% 73%

35%

5%

30%

2%

30%14%

69%

47%

74%83%

31%14%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

No RDPwater Over-


No electrcity

4 lightsNo refuse


No RDPsanitation

Unemployed

IlliterateNo regular

income

Thabo MafutsanyaneMaluti-a-Phofung

The graph contrasts the DM with the actual node, Maluti-a-Phofung (the

dark blue bars). Note that on virtually every indicator, the node scores

worse than the DM, pointing to higher levels of poverty in Maluti than in

the DM more generally.

10

Poverty analysis

• Relative to other ISRDP nodes, poverty levels are low in Thabo Mofutsanyane, with only Central Karoo enjoying lower poverty levels.

• 1 in 20 (5%) respondents reported no regular income (compared with an ISRDP average of 2%), higher at 7% in Maluti-a-Phofung itself.

• This does not mean poverty is not a problem: – the rate of unemployment was 73%, – 69% lacked RDP sanitation, – 60% did not have their refuse removed, and – 30% of respondents were functionally illiterate.

11

Social capital deficit

Social Capital Deficit Index - ISRDP Nodes

27%29%

38% 39%41% 41%

43% 44% 45% 45% 47% 48% 49%52%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Alfred Nzo KgalagadiSekhukhuneO.R. Tambo

Chris Hani

Central Karoo

UmzinyathiZululand

Ugu

UkhahlambaThabo

MofutsanyaneUmkhanyakude

Maruleng

Bushbuckridge

• This graph measures the social capital deficit - so high scores are bad news.• Social capital includes networks of reciprocation, trust, alienation and

anomie, membership of civil society organisations, and so on.• Thabo Mofutsanyane has the fourth worst score on the social capital index,

suggesting that building a sense of community and local trust are important.

• Nearly half (48%) of Maluti respondents (and 50% of DM respondents) did not belong to any CSO, which will impact on partnerships, outreach, and so on.

12

Social capital deficit

Read as: respondents in Thabo Read as: respondents in Thabo

Mofutsanyane were 27% more Mofutsanyane were 27% more

likely than the ISRDP average to likely than the ISRDP average to

believe they need to be careful believe they need to be careful

dealing with people; 29% more dealing with people; 29% more

likely to believe their community likely to believe their community

couldn’t solve its own problems; couldn’t solve its own problems;

and so on. On the positive side, and so on. On the positive side,

in greenin green, anomie was down, , anomie was down,

CSO membership better than CSO membership better than

average and so on.average and so on.

Social Capital Measures: Thabo Mafutsanyane vs. ISRDP Avg

5%

38%

50%45%

89%

40%

62%

46%

9%

56% 58%

49%

70%

31%38%

20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

No Religion Politics iswaste of

time

No CSOmmbrship

Anomie Must be

careful with

peopleC'ty can'tsolve ownproblems Alienation

People only

care 4selves

Thabo MafutsanyaneISRDP Avg


-49%

-32%

-14%-9%

27% 29%

60%

130%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

No Religion Politics iswaste of

time

No CSOmmbrship

Anomie Must be

careful with

peopleC'ty can'tsolve ownproblems Alienation

People only

care 4selves

13

Development deficitDevelopment Deficit Index - ISRDP Nodes

23%27%

30% 31%34% 34% 35% 36%

38% 40%44% 46%

49%

57%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

KgalagadiUkhahlamba

Chris Hani

Bushbuckridge

UmzinyathiSekhukhune

Thabo

MofutsanyaneCentral KarooUmkhanyakude

ZululandAlfred Nzo

Ugu

O.R. TamboMaruleng

• This index measures respondents’ awareness of development projects, of all types, carried out by government and/or CSOs. It is a perception measure - not an objective indication of what is actually happening on the ground.

• Thabo Mofutsanyane rates 7th of the 14 ISRDP nodes, suggesting that development activities are happening on the ground and that people are aware of them. This is despite poor social capital seen earlier.

14

Development Measures: Thabo Mafutsanyane vs. ISRD Avg

18% 19%23%

26% 24% 27%

52%

33% 36% 35%39%

73%

37% 36%

45%

31%26%

32%35%

31% 34%

54%

34% 34% 33% 36%

67%

32% 31%35%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

NoSchools

No Roads

NoHouses

No HealthFacilitiesNo Food

No

HIV/AidsNo Devt-Govt

No

CrechesNo ComHalls

No

FarmingNo SportNo Devt-NPOs

No

GardensNo WaterNo OtherDev


Difference vs ISRD Avg

-42%

-28% -28%-24% -23% -21%

-3% -2%

5% 6%9% 9%

15%17%

29%

-50%

-40%

-30%

-20%

-10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

No SchoolsNo Roads

No Houses

No Health Facilities

No Food

No HIV/AidsNo Devt-Govt

No CrechesNo Com Halls

No FarmingNo Sport

No Devt-NPOsNo Gardens

No Water

No Other Dev

Development deficit

Low awareness of Low awareness of

various various

development development

activities, and of activities, and of

provision by civil provision by civil

society.society.Higher than average awareness of school building Higher than average awareness of school building

(42% above average) and others, as well as provision (42% above average) and others, as well as provision

by governmentby government

15

Service delivery deficit

Service Delivery Deficit Index - ISRDP Nodes

39%

47% 48% 50% 50% 51% 51% 53% 54%57% 57%

61% 61% 62%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Central Karoo

Zululand

UmzinyathiAlfred Nzo

Umkhanyakude

KgalagadiUkhahlamba

Ugu

O.R. TamboChris Hani

SekhukhuneThabo

Mofutsanyane

Maruleng

Bushbuckridge

Thabo Mofutsanyane has the third worst rating on service delivery amongst the 14 ISRDP nodes

Thabo Mofutsanyane has the third worst rating on service delivery amongst the 14 ISRDP nodes

Service Delivery Index• Average proportion receiving DSD Grants• Average proportion making use of DSD Services• Average proportion rating government services as poor quality• Proportion who rarely have clean water

• Proportion with no/limited phone access• Proportion who believe there is no coordination in government• Proportion who believe local council has performed badly/terribly• Proportion who have not heard of IDPs

16

Service Delivery Measures: Thabo Mafutsanyane vs. ISRDP Avg

41%

62% 62% 66% 64% 63% 64% 62%55%

17%

34%

49% 48% 50% 48% 47% 46% 44%34%

9%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Quality-electricity

poor No DSDoffice

DSD Staff nocomparssion No Access

to DSDfacility DSD Staffunhelpfull Poor DSDServices DSD Staffknowledge

poor DSD

Cleanliness

Poor

Govt DeptCo-ordination

poorNo

Participation

in IDPs

Thabo Mafutsanyane ISRDP Avg


19%25% 29% 33% 34% 35% 38% 42%

61%

86%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Quality-electricitypoor No DSD

office

DSD Staff nocomparssion No Access

to DSDfacility DSD Staffunhelpfull Poor DSDServices DSD Staffknowledge

poor DSD

Cleanliness

Poor

Govt DeptCo-ordination

poorNo

Participationin IDPs

Service delivery – weaknesses

WeaknessesWeaknesses

include most include most

aspects of DSD aspects of DSD

service delivery in service delivery in

the DM, e.g. the DM, e.g.

cleanliness of cleanliness of

offices were rated offices were rated

42% worse than 42% worse than

the average for the average for

ISRDP nodes, ISRDP nodes,

staff knowledge staff knowledge

was rated as 38% was rated as 38%

worse than the worse than the

ISRDP average ISRDP average

and so onand so on.

17

Service Delivery Measures: Thabo Mafutsanyane vs. ISRDP Avg

29%24%

16%

28%

55%58%

41%

25%

42%

67%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Quality-securitypoor

Quality-healthpoorNo

PhoneQuality-waterpoor

Quality-refusepoor



-51%

-42%

-34% -34%

-19% -17%-14%

-9%

-60%

-50%

-40%

-30%

-20%

-10%

0%

Quality-securitypoor

Quality-healthpoor

No PhoneQuality-waterpoor

Quality-refusepoor PoorQuality ofServices

Quality-housingpoor No

Pensionpoint

Service delivery – strengths

Strengths: Strengths:

Respondents are less Respondents are less

likely to complain likely to complain

about access to/ about access to/

quality of aspects of quality of aspects of

basic service delivery basic service delivery

in the DM when in the DM when

compared with the compared with the

ISRDP average. For ISRDP average. For

instance, respondents instance, respondents

are 42% less likely to are 42% less likely to

identify the quality of identify the quality of

health care as a health care as a

problem than the problem than the

ISRDP average. ISRDP average.

18

Service delivery: main features

• Other important services provided by DSD such as Children Homes, Rehabilitation Centres and Drop-In Centres worryingly received no mention by respondents and signals very low awareness of these critical services.

• Urgent thought should be given as to how best to raise awareness across the node with respect to these under utilised services - and how to increase penetration of DSD services as well as grants in the node.

Maluti-a-Phofung ISRDP

• Of the households receiving grants six out of ten (57%) are receiving Child Support Grants

• ISRDP average for households receiving Child Support Grants is half (50%)

• A third (32%) of households receiving grants are receiving Pensions

• ISRDP average for households receiving pensions is a third (31%)

• Four out of ten (42%) encounter DSD services at a DSD office

• Half across all nodes (50%) experience DSD services at a DSD office

• Six out of ten (63%) of the respondents interact with the DSD at a Pension Pay Out point

• A third (31%) across all nodes will receive DSD services at a Pension Pay Out point

19

Health deficitHealth Deficit Index - ISRDP Nodes

45% 46% 46% 47%

53% 54% 55% 56% 56% 57% 58% 58% 58%63%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Central KarooSekhukhuneAlfred NzoKgalagadi

Ugu

Maruleng

O.R. TamboUkhahlambaUmzinyathiThabo

MofutsanyaneBushbuckridge

Chris HaniZululand

Umkhanyakude

Thabo Mofutsanyane is rated

5th worst in respect of health

measures, with more than

half of all respondents (57%)

perceiving their health status

as poor.

Thabo Mofutsanyane is rated

5th worst in respect of health

measures, with more than

half of all respondents (57%)

perceiving their health status

as poor.

Health index• Proportion of household infected by malaria past 12 months• Proportion who experience difficulty accessing health care • Proportion who rated their health poor/terrible during past 4 weeks

• Proportion who had difficulty in doing daily work • Proportion whose usual social activities were limited by physical/emotional problems

20

Health deficit

Priority areas Priority areas

were generally were generally

poor health - poor health -

62% higher 62% higher

than the ISRDP than the ISRDP

average - and average - and

its impact on its impact on

social activities. social activities.

Positives were Positives were

lower than lower than

average average

incidence of incidence of

malaria and less malaria and less

access access

problems than problems than

the ISRDP the ISRDP

average.average.

Health Measures: Thabo Mafutsanyane vs. ISRDP Avg

2%

55% 53%

62% 64%

3%

64%

54%

61%

39%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Malariaincidence Difficulty

accessinghealth care

Cannotwork

Ltd SocialActivitiesPoor Health



-23%

-13%

0% 1%

62%

-30%

-20%

-10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Malariaincidence Difficulty

accessinghealth care

Cannotwork

Ltd SocialActivitiesPoor Health

21

Health • Alcohol Abuse was reported as the major health problem in Maluti-a-Phofung,

by a a third of respondents (32%, higher than the average of 28% across all nodes)

• HIV and AIDS was also reported as a major health problem in node (29% reported this, slightly lower than the average of 30% across all nodes), as was TB (29% cited this in the node vs. ISRDP average of 16%)

• Men were as likely as women to rate their health as poor • Youth were as likely as older adults to rate their health as poor• Access to services also impacts the health of those in the node, but only

roughly a third cited specific issues:– 35% of respondents reported distance to health facility as being a problem– 39% of respondents reported paying for health services as being a

problem• These findings highlight the key health issues facing those in the node and point

to the need for an integrated approach that focuses on the issues of HIV and AIDS, TB and alcohol abuse

• A sectoral or targeted approach is need to focus on these disease related issues in this node

• Poverty and the health challenge of HIV and AIDS and cannot be separated and whatever intervention is decided upon should be in the form of an integrated response to the challenges facing Maluti-a-Phofung residents

22

Proportion who agree that both parties in a relationship should share

decision - making

57

68

78

65

54

70

77

76

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Agree on whether to takea sick child to the clinic

Agree on using income topay for health care or

medicines

Agree on when to havechildren

Agree whether to usefamily planning

Average Maluti a Phofung

Read as: Majority in

the node support the

view that most

decisions in the

household require

joint decision-making

by both partners

Read as: Majority in

the node support the

view that most

decisions in the

household require

joint decision-making

by both partners

23

Proportion supporting statements about female contraception

60

43

39

30

63

32

54

29

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Agree that women getpregnant so women must

worry aboutcontraception

Agree that femalecontraception is a

women's business andnothing to do with men

Agree that women whouse contraception risks

being sterile

Agree that contraceptionleads to promiscuity


Read as: Node is

conservative, with

some myths about

contraception widely

held.

Read as: Node is

conservative, with

some myths about

contraception widely

held.

24

Proportion who agreed that a man is justified in hitting or beating his partner in

the following situations

Read as: Support for violence against women in all situations is much higher in this node than the ISRDP average and points to very negative attitudes towards Gender Based Violence in the node.

Disturbing to note that the differences between males and females, and young and old, in terms of attitudes towards Gender Based Violence are not large - these negative attitudes have been absorbed by men and women, young and old, and interventions are needed to break this cycle

Read as: Support for violence against women in all situations is much higher in this node than the ISRDP average and points to very negative attitudes towards Gender Based Violence in the node.

Disturbing to note that the differences between males and females, and young and old, in terms of attitudes towards Gender Based Violence are not large - these negative attitudes have been absorbed by men and women, young and old, and interventions are needed to break this cycle

Average Maluti-a-Phofung

Is unfaithful 23 52

Does not look after the children

21 45

Goes out without telling him

16 37

Argues with him 15 46

Refuses to have sex with him

9 34

Burns the food 7 27

25

Attitudes towards abortion

49

48

42

42

9

10

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Total

Maluti a Phofung

Agree that abortion should only be allowed if mother's life in danger

Agree that abortion is morally wrong and should never be allowed

Agree that abortion on request should be the right of every women

Read as: Abortion is

NOT supported by

four out of ten

respondents (42%)

the same as the

ISRDP average (42%)

Read as: Abortion is

NOT supported by

four out of ten

respondents (42%)

the same as the

ISRDP average (42%)

26

Sexual Reproductive Health & GBV

• Findings point to the need for nuanced campaigns around contraception and their very close link with inappropriate attitudes to women in the node

• Disturbing to note the high levels of support for Gender Based Violence, coupled to very limited support for abortions and widespread belief in certain myths about contraception. Hence the need for a campaign that is based on a solid understanding of local attitudes towards both sexual reproductive health and GBV as opposed to the interests of a national campaign

• In theory, at least, majority support the idea that many decisions in the household require joint decision-making by both partners

• But many across the node not only do not support joint decision-making but go further and endorse physically abusing women

• Need to develop an integrated approach that takes poverty and the health challenges facing nodal residents into account and also integrate critical aspects of GBV and Sexual Reproductive Health

• Challenge is to integrate Sexual Reproductive Health and GBV issues with other related services being provided by a range of governmental and non-governmental agencies - integration and co-ordination remain the core challenges in the ISRDP and URP nodes.

27

HIV & AIDS: Awareness levels

63

64

18

50

49

17

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Heard about those incommunity with AIDS?

Heard about those whohave died of AIDS in

community?

If household memberwas infected would want

to keep it secret?

% Yes


Read as: Prevalence

rates are high and

secrecy is relatively low

Read as: Prevalence

rates are high and

secrecy is relatively low

28

HIV & AIDS: Proportion who accept the following statements

33

80

82

85

83

59

82

86

90

79

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Mosquitoes pass on HIV

Infected mothers canpass on virus through

breastfeeding

Healthy looking personcan have AIDS

One can get AIDS fromsharing razors

Condoms preventtransmission of HIV

% who agree


Read as: High awareness

of how HIV is

transmitted, except half

(59%) gave incorrect

answer re mosquitoes

Read as: High awareness

of how HIV is

transmitted, except half

(59%) gave incorrect

answer re mosquitoes

29

HIV and AIDS • Evidence suggests that previous campaigns (and the high incidence of

the pandemic in the node) have led to high awareness of impact of HIV and AIDS.

• Encouraging to see how many in the node have correct knowledge about the transmission of the disease (the node is slightly better than most of the average scores for the ISRDP), except in the case of mosquitoes. This is however, not a surprising response in an area which is NOT affected by mosquito-borne diseases such as Malaria

• Despite high levels of awareness of AIDS sufferers in their communities few respondents can actively assist – Less than 5% in the node reported on providing support to orphans

or providing Home Based Care• Despite high incidence of HIV across Maluti-a-Phofung, levels of

poverty are so crippling few can do much to assist those who are infected and suffering

• These findings support the need for an urgent integrated intervention in the node that incorporates health, poverty, GBV, HIV and AIDS

30

Conclusion

Index Challenges Strengths

Poverty • Below average access to regular income

• Above average RDP-level water access and electricity for lights, lower than average informal housing

Social Capital

• Generally poor scores, notably sense that community cares or can solve its own problems

• Above average religious affiliation and faith in politics

Health • Generally poor health with impact on social activities

• Access to health services

Service Delivery

• Participation in IDPs low, perceptions of government co-ordination low, DSD office cleanliness rated below par

• Above average scores for security, quality of health services (for those who could access them)

Development

• Below average awareness of water projects, c’ty gardens, civil society role in delivery

• Scores generally OK, above average awareness of school, road and house building

Thabo Mofutsanyane has an “average” Global Development Rating. Key challenges and strengths emerging from the statistical analysis are set out below:

department of social development nodal baseline survey: thabo mofutsanyane results*

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