department of eee project report
TRANSCRIPT
Department of EEE
PROJECT REPORT
Project name : Smoke Detection System
Course no. : EEE 2211
Course name : Measurement and Instrumentation
Submitted by :
14.02.05.134 - A.O.M. Shamsuddoha
14.02.05.136 - Shadab Sadman
14.02.05.157 - Muid Hasan Anik
14.01.05.131 – Mustafizur Rahman
SMOKE
DETECTION
SYSTEM
ABSTRACT A Smoke Detector is a fire protection device that
automatically detects smoke/gases and also gives
us warning to be aware of it, with some protection
system to handle the situation. Many fire accident
occurs in our surrounding due to absence of human
in the right place at the right time. That is the
importance of the project, it can minimize such
accidents. Thus it got immense importance in our
practical life.
Equipment used :
1. Arduino uno
2. Gas sensor : MQ-2
3. Temperature sensor : LM-35
4. Servo Motor
5. Buzzer Alarm
6. LED
7. 9V DC Battery
8. 7805 IC
9. Gas lighter (for testing purpose)
Some Instrument Details : (in short)
1. MQ-2 Gas Sensor :
Among various types of MQ series gas sensors we selected MQ-2 for their wide
detecting scope, fast response and High sensitivity. They are suitable for
detecting LPG( Liquified Petroleum Gas), i-butane, propane, methane ,alcohol,
Hydrogen, smoke. The gas sensor is mainly composed of tin dioxide on a
ceramic base. The resistance of the sensor varies depending on the
concentration of the reducing gases on the air. We used the module here,
here se sor’s pi s are o e ted as eed i ter ally ith resistance. Four
pins are outside there, VCC (with 5V dc), GND (with Arduino gnd), A0 (from
here e took output, o e ted it to ardui o A a d D e did ’t use . The
power led(red) turns on when it powered, and the Dout led (green) turns on
when it detects gas.
2. LM-35 temperature sensor :
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose
output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.
The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide
typi al a ura ies of ± ⁄ °C at roo te perature a d ± ⁄ °C o er a full − to +150°C temperature range.
Other Features :
I. Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade)
II. 0.5°C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25°C)
III. Suitable for remote applications
IV. Less tha μA urre t drai
V. Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air
3. 7805 IC
We needed this component here to provide extra 5V dc voltage. Because
when we connected two sensors in parallel, current is also distributed in
two parallel paths. As a result LM-35 sensor receives negligible
current(because of POT on the MQ-2 it draws most the current) and it
does ’t ork properly. For this e eed to use IC to pro ide the shortage of current through LM-35 as required. Here capacitors are for
redu i g ripple oltage, though it’s ot mandatory to use(we have skipped
this without any trouble). An extra 9V battery is needed to operate the IC.
4. Servo Motor :
A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise
control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of
a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. In our project
use of servo motor is quite limited in fact it is optional, we need this for
protection purpose to on and off the water pump switch.
Circuit Diagram :
Image view :
Working Principle :
We have used two different sensors : gas sensor and temperature sensor. The
MQ-2 gas sensor senses smoke (due to fire) and gas leakage ( like methane,
LPG etc. in our kitchen or factory). And the LM-35 temperature sensor is for
detecting temperature rise due to fire. At first our Arduino UNO will get
information from the two sensors, and then it will compare the values
according to the condition given in the code. If the values are under the
tolerance level everything will be normal. But if either the temperature or the
concentration of gas rises above the condition then the buzzer will be alarmed.
Also if temperature or gas increases further it will operate a servo motor
whose work will be to ON the switch of a water pump to control the fire by
spreading water over the place(we could not arrange the water system part in
our project). We programmed this device that is implemented on the Arduino-
Uno (ATmega328p) and the value of the concentration of the smoke is given
high so that normal smoking gas will not be the reason of the device alarm.
This device is designed such as only real fire occurrence will be the reason for
this device alarming. After the device alarms, the servo motor shaft will
automatically rotate half of a cycle or 180 degree to switch on the water pump
or water spray. Thus this device can eradicate fire. Gradually when the
condition is under control or back to normal again the servo will switch OFF the
pump and also the buzzer will be stopped.
Code :
#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
int buzz = 10;
int gas = 0;
int smoke = A0;
int temp = 0;
int lm35 = A1;
void setup()
{
myservo.attach(3);
pinMode(buzz,OUTPUT);
pinMode(smoke,INPUT);
pinMode(lm35,INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
Microcontroller (Arduino UNO)
Get info./values from gas sensor
Get info./values from temp.
sensor
Compere values according to
condition/Code
Operate the buzzer and
servo
void loop()
{
temp = analogRead(lm35);
int celsius = temp/2 - 5;
Serial.println(celsius);
gas = analogRead(smoke);
Serial.println(gas);
if(celsius>40 || gas>190)
{
if(celsius>45 || gas>250)
{
digitalWrite(buzz,HIGH);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(buzz,LOW);
delay(200);
int pos = 180;
myservo.write(pos);
delay(5);
}
else
{
int pos = 0;
myservo.write(pos);
delay(5);
digitalWrite(buzz,HIGH);
delay(800);
digitalWrite(buzz,LOW);
delay(800);
}
}
else
{
digitalWrite(buzz,LOW);
delay(1000);
}
}
Troubleshooting :
1. When we connect both the sensors with Arduino 5V and GND in parallel,
our LM-35 was not responding as it was responding individually(correctly)
without the MQ- gas se sor, due to urre t shortage i it’s branch. For
solving the problem we used 7805 regulator IC.
2. In different environment we need to calibrate the MQ-2 gas sensor
separately either y adjusti g the alue of it’s POT or ha ge the ra ge of it’s alue to operate i the CODE. This is e ause o centration of gases it
sense, are not same in every place or environment; so it gives values of
different ranges in different places.
3. We also faces difficulties calibrating the LM- to sho it’s readi g i Celsius scale.
Application :
1. This project can be used commercially as a security purpose device that will
detect fire and gas leakage in our kitchen or factory, mall, museum, hotels,
restaurants, laboratory etc.
2. In many home in our city there occur accident due to gas leakage in the
kitchen, this project can be used to minimize this occurrence .
3. On Every Garments Factory, there is a chance of accident for the occurrence
of fire. That is why this device is necessary to use.
Discussion :
Though smoke detection system is quite a simple project but it has immense
importance and necessity in our practical life. We programmed this device that
is implemented on the Arduino-Uno (ATmega328p) and the value of the
concentration of the smoke is given high so that normal smoking gas will not
be the reason of the device alarm. We can also add some further
improvement in this project. We are planning to use the dc water pump
without servo directly with the Arduino for more reliable and fast response.
And also we want to add a GSM module here for sending sms to the owner
when smoke is detected. It will be beneficial when no one at home or at a
vacant place.