DENIM: Finding a Tighter Fit with Web Design Practice

James Lin, Mark W. Newman, Jason I. Hong, James A. Landay

April 6, 2000CHI 2000, The Hague

http://guir.berkeley.edu

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Informal User Interfaces

� Take advantage of natural modes of interaction* speaking* gesturing* writing* sketching

� Without extensive recognition

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Informal User Interfaces

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Outline

� Investigation into web design� The DENIM system� Evaluation� Future work and conclusion

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Investigation into Web Design

� Interviews with 11 professional web site designers* focus on specific projects and artifacts

+ “take me through a recent project”+ artifacts were collected and analyzed

� Designers were* from 5 different companies* representative of different specialties

+ information architects+ creative directors/project managers+ graphic designers+ all-of-the-above (esp. smaller firms)

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Multiple Views

� Designers create representations of sites at multiple levels of detail

� Web sites are iteratively refined at all levels of detail

Site Maps Storyboards Schematics Mock-ups

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Site Maps

� High-level, coarse-grained view of entire site

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Storyboards

� Interaction sequence, minimal page level detail

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Individual Pages

Schematic Mock-up

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Sketching

All designers sketched

... at all levels

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Converting to Electronic Media

� Sketching less than they wanted to* “professionalism”: perceived need to present

ideas formally

� Ease of incremental modification “The beginning of each step I’ll do on paper.

As soon as I feel like I’m going to be doing any design revisions, I’ll move to [an electronic tool]... because it’s easier to make changes to these things.”

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Implications for a Web Design Tool

� Support multiple views� Sketching is a reasonable approach

* retain advantages of informal representations* gain advantages of electronic media

� Support transformations to more formal representations* currently not supported

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DENIM: Designing Web Sites by Sketching

� Early-phase information & navigation design

� Integrates multiple views* Site map – storyboard – page

sketch

� Supports informal interaction* Sketching, pen-based interaction

� Implementation * Java 2, SATIN

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Outline

� Investigation into web design� The DENIM system� Evaluation� Future work and conclusion

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DENIM

Canvas

Zoom Slider

Toolbox

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DENIM: Site Map View

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DENIM: Storyboard View

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DENIM: Sketch View

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Video

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DENIM: Creating Pages

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DENIM: Creating Pages

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DENIM: Gestures

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DENIM: Gestures

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DENIM: Gestures

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DENIM: Organizational Arrows

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DENIM: Organizational Arrows

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DENIM: Sketching Page Contents

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DENIM: Sketching Page Contents

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DENIM: Sketching Page Contents

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DENIM: Storyboard View

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DENIM: Panning

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DENIM: Navigational Arrows

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DENIM: Navigational Arrows

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DENIM: Navigational Arrows

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DENIM: Tools

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DENIM: Tools

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DENIM: Pie Menus

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DENIM: Pie Menus

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DENIM: Run Mode

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Outline

� Investigation into web design� The DENIM system� Evaluation� Future work and conclusion

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Informal Evaluation

� Evaluation focused on* usefulness of basic functionality* usability of basic interaction

� 7 participants* 5 work mostly on web projects* 1 designer of non-web UIs* 1 usability manager of a large software

company

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Platform Used for Evaluation

� Evaluation system* IBM 300 MHz

Pentium II laptop, Win NT 4.0

* ITI VisionMaker Sketch 14 display tablet

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Tasks

� Draw in Microsoft Paint* get used to the tablet

� Modify existing design in DENIM* add new page* link page to site* interact with site* get used to DENIM

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Tasks (cont’d)

� Design task* 45-60 minutes to create “ForRent.com”

web site* provided

+competitive analysis+market research on what renters,

landlords want+what client company wanted

* wanted to see+how participants approached realistic

design task+how they used DENIM to help design

* extra motivation: $250 for best design

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� During the experiment* critical incidents* general comments and reactions* types of actions they did at each zoom level

� Post-questionnaire* reaction to DENIM in terms of

+communication+expressiveness+fit with current practices

* background & experience

Data Collection

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Summary of Results

� Web designers rated it highly in* usefulness* communication with team members* expressiveness* quick iteration* efficiency

� …but found it lacking in terms of* handwriting* linking pages* communication with clients

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Positive Feedback

� Liked the different views integrated

“I usually [create site maps] in PowerPoint, then I go back to the navigational flow, then I go back to PowerPoint… And here it would be so easy to do that iterative kind of thing.”

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Positive Feedback

� Liked informal interaction

“You draw a box in Illustrator or Freehand or Quark, and it’s got attributes that have to be dealt with, and it interrupts the thought process.... It’s nice to be able to get rid of all the business with the pictures and all the definite object attributes. That is such a hassle.”

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Usability Issues

� Hard time linking pages* pages were too small to draw arrows, or* could only see one of the pages at enough

detail* solutions implemented

+hide pages in site map view+auto pan

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Usability Issues

� Handwriting was difficult* writing surface was too smooth* application feedback was sometimes slow* automatic word grouping was poor* solutions implemented

+improved performance+improved inking & grouping algorithms

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Future Work

� “Cleaned up” sketches* for presentations to clients

� History and versioning* so designers can keep track of design’s

evolution

� Support for more sophisticated interfaces* web form-based apps* “traditional” GUIs

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Conclusion

� DENIM supports web design practice* integrated multiple views* sketching

� DENIM adds to current practice* lo-fi interactive

prototypes* advantages of

electronic media

Download DENIM athttp://guir.berkeley.edu/projects/denim

http://guir.berkeley.edu

Download SATIN athttp://guir.berkeley.edu/projects/satin