democracy under obama
TRANSCRIPT
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GCKJN]ONY \JBINY
S@GC] JMOKO
]CXIWOBITOWIJ@ J] ]CW]COW:
WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^
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Nor`cfic C`gjwkc`t hjr I`tcr`otij`ob \conc =
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WOMBC JH NJ@WC@W^
^SKKO]Y................................................................................... 3
I@W]JGSNWIJ@........................................................................... 6
^WC\\I@F MONE.......................................................................... 9
^WC\\I@F S\ .............................................................................?3
WAC BJ@F FOKC........................................................................=>
WAC O]OM ^\]I@F.....................................................................=9
\O]WIOB ]CXIWOBITOWIJ@ ..........................................................>9
]CW]COW J] ]COGDS^WKC@W: ..................................................7>
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@JWC^ ........................................................................................79
OMJSW WAC OSWAJ]..................................................................3>
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@W HJ] I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC..............33
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 3
S\J@ WOEI@F JHHINCi` Do`uory =
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8 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
Os pjpubor uprisi`fs sprcog onrjss tac Orom wjrbg i` =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 6
S\J@ WOEI@F JHHINC,\rcsigc`t Morone Jmoko honcg o gou`ti`f orroy jh
i`acritcg hjrcif` pjbiny acogonacso wor j njursc i` Ohfao`isto`, o gyshu`ntij`obnju`tcrtcrrjrisk port`crsaip wita \oeisto`, o stibb-mbjjgy nj`int i` Iroq, o` ontivc
tarcot hrjk ob-_ocgo i` kubtipbc rcfij`s, o kjrimu`g Isrocbi-\obcsti`io` pconc prjncss,
o njbbisij` njursc wita Iro` j` its `unbcor prjfrok, o mrjec` rcbotij`saip wita ]ussio,
o`g o mcbbifcrc`t, `unbcor-orkcg @jrta Ejrco. Hurtacr njkpbinoti`f tais hjrmiggi`f
pinturc wos o scvcrc cnj`jkin nrisis ot ajkc o`g omrjog, tac aorsacst si`nc tac Frcot
Gcprcssij`.
Ih tacsc trjumbcs wcrc `jt c`jufa, o hurtacr hjrcif` pjbiny prjmbck obsj owoitcg tac
`cw prcsigc`ttac scrijusby gokofcg stotc jh S.^. gckjnrony prjkjtij`. My nbjscbyossjnioti`f gckjnrony prjkjtij` wita tac S.^.-bcg i`vosij` jh Iroq o`g ais wor j`
tcrrjrisk, \rcsigc`t Fcjrfc V. Musa frcotby roiscg mut ot tac sokc tikc tor`isacg tac
prjbc jh tais issuc. I` oggitij`, ais ogki`istrotij` aurt Okcrinos sto`gi`f os o fbjmob
sykmjb jh gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats tarjufa its scrijus bcfob omuscs i` tac pursuit
jh tac wor j` tcrrjrisk, cspcniobby ofoi`st gctoi`ccs o`g prisj`crs i` Iroq, Ohfao`isto`,
o`g Fuo`t`okj Moy. Wc `cfotivc nj`scquc`ncs wcrc ko`ihjbg4 o` i`tcr`otij`ob
monebosa ofoi`st gckjnrony prjkjtij` taot i`nbugcg cxtrckcby aifa bcvcbs jh suspinij`
omjut tac gckjnrony ofc`go i` tac Orom wjrbg, o frcotby acifatc`cg rcbunto`nc j` tac
port jh Curjpco` o`g jtacr i`tcr`otij`ob gckjnrony suppjrtcrs tj mc ossjniotcg wita
I@W]JGSNWIJ@
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1 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
S.^. pjbinics o`g prjfroks i` tais orco, o`g o korecg gcnbi`c i` S.^. pumbin suppjrt hjr
gckjnrony prjkjtij` os o prijrity jh S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny.?
Wc sjmcri`f stotc jh gckjnrony i` tac wjrbg hurtacr gorec`cg tais bo`gsnopc hjr tac
i`njki`f Jmoko ogki`istrotij`. Wc kjkc`tuk o`g sc`sc jh jptikisk omjut gckjn-ronys fbjmob hjrtu`cs taot
aog korecg tac corby pjst
Njbg Vor ycors wcrc fj`c
my tac tikc Jmoko mcnokc
prcsigc`t. Wc `ukmcr jh
gckjnronics i` tac wjrbg
aog pbotcoucg mctwcc` =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 9
^WC\\I@F MONE
WAC JMOKO WCOKsct jut o nao`fcg ractjrinob bi`c j` gckjnrony suppjrt rifat
hrjk tac stort, sjhtc`i`f tac tj`c o`g kjgihyi`f tac kcssofc. Mjta \rcsigc`t Jmoko o`g^cnrctory jh ^totc Aibbory Nbi`tj` oppcorcg tj purpjscby ovjig rchcrc`ncs tj gckjnrony
suppjrt guri`f tacir rst kj`tas i` pjwcr, o`g tac rcst jh tacir hjrcif` pjbiny tcok
hjbbjwcg suit. \rcsigc`t Jmoko gig `jt kc`tij` prjkjti`f gckjnrony omrjog i` ais
i`oufurob oggrcsso saorp nj`trost tj \rcsigc`t Musas scnj`g i`oufurob oggrcss, waina
aog prjnboikcg o fbjmob hrccgjk ofc`go hjr tac S`itcg ^totcs. Nbi`tj` soig bittbc omjut
gckjnrony prjkjtij` i` acr nj`rkotij` acori`fs hjr tac pjsitij` jh scnrctory jh stotc.
Acr ckpaosis j` tac tarcc Gs jh S.^. i`tcr`otij`ob c`fofckc`tgipbjkony, gchc`sc,
o`g gcvcbjpkc`tnj`spinujusby jkittcg tac pjtc`tiob hjurta G jh gckjnrony.
Vac` Jmoko o`g Nbi`tj` gig mcfi` tj tobe pumbinby omjut tac issuc, hjr cxokpbc i`
Jmokos wigcby `jtcg spccna i` Noirj i` Du`c =
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?< GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
Wc Jmoko tcok oppbicg tais bjwcrcg ractjrinob ckpaosis j` gckjnrony tj tac S.^. kibi-
tory c`fofckc`t i` Ohfao`isto` o`g Iroq. Wcy stjppcg ajbgi`f tacsc nju`trics jut tj tac
wjrbg os `jmbc gckjnrotizi`f kissij`s jr fbjwi`f gckjnrotin sunncss stjrics, i`stcog hj-
nusi`f j` tac kjrc bikitcg fjob jh stomibity o`g jpc`by one`jwbcgfi`f tac bikitotij`s jh
waot kibitory c`gcovjrs aog taus hor onaicvcg. Vac` Ohfao`isto s cbcntij`s i` tac suk-kcr jh =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ ??
\rcsigc`t Jmoko o`g ais tcok gig `jt i`tc`g tacir pursuit jh gipbjkotin c`fofckc`t os
o rctrcot hrjk nj`ncr` jvcr gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats sajrtnjki`fs i` suna nju`trics.
Jmoko jniobs orfucg i` privotc taot tac njbg sajubgcr jh tac post aog `jt prjguncg
o`y `jtincombc foi`s hjr gckjnrony i` tacsc nju`trics. Iro`io` pjbitins, hjr cxokpbc, aog
mcnjkc kjrc outajritorio` rotacr tao` bcss sj guri`f tac Musa ycors. Ih tac S`itcg ^totcswcrc ombc tj jpc` o bi c jh gircnt njkku`inotij` wita suna bcogcrs, tacy spcnubotcg,
ogki`istrotij` jniobs kifat cor` frcotcr rcncptivity hjr tjufa kcssofcs j` gckjnrony
o`g auko` rifats o`g cbiki`otc tacsc bcogcrs usc jh o pcrncivcg S.^. tarcot tj dustihy
tacir pjbitinob nronegjw`s. @cvcrtacbcss, tac `cw ckpaosis j` c`fofckc`t gig kco`
tj`i`f gjw` jvcrt nritinisks jh tacsc rcfikcs pjbitinob sajrtnjki`fs. Os o rcsubt, sjkc
jmscrvcrs pcrncivcg it os monepcgobi`f j` gckjnrony.
c`sij` mctwcc` c`fofckc`t o`g gckjnrony suppjrt kogc itscbh onutcby hcbt quineby j`
Iro`. Vac` Iro`s gccpby owcg cbcntij`s i` Du`c =
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?= GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
`cw naich cxcnutivc o`g ais tjp hjrcif` pjbiny ogviscrs. Os cvigc`ncg i` ais prcsigc`tiob
nokpoif` o`g i` ais corby trips omrjog os prcsigc`t tj tac Orom wjrbg, urecy, o`g Oh-
rino, \rcsigc`t Jmoko nbcorby rcsj`otcg wita tac i`spirotij`ob pjwcr jh gckjnrony o`g
its nc`trobity tj tac Okcrino` pbonc i` tac wjrbg. Yct taot jutbjje wos kixcg wita strj`f
profkotin i`sti`ntso wori`css jh jvcrstotckc`t, o gisi`nbi`otij` tj bcog wita igcjbjfy,o`g tac gcsirc tj sjbvc prjmbcks tarjufa muibgi`f nj`sc`sus rotacr tao` hjstcri`f nj`-
hrj`totij`. O`g Jmoko oppcorcg tj mc cspcniobby gisi`nbi`cg tj put tac S`itcg ^totcs i`
tac pjsitij` jh ikpjsi`f itscbh pjbitinobby j` jtacr sjnictics, tcbbi`f jtacrs waot tj gj, jr
ossuki`f taot tac S`itcg ^totcs aos obb tac o`swcrs. Oppbicg tj hjrcif` pjbiny, tais prof-
kotisk o`g wori`css omjut ikpjsitij` oppcorcg tj sjkc jmscrvcrs sikpby os rcobisk. Mut
it wos bcss omjut tac njrc
rcobist tc`ct jh gisnju`ti`f
tac ikpjrto`nc jh gckjnrotin
igcobs vis--vis jtacr i`tcrcststao` omjut `gi`f o gicrc`t,
kjrc ccntivc woy tj pursuc
tajsc igcobso gisti`ntij` tac
`cw prcsigc`t o`g ais tcok
struffbcg tj ortinubotc o`g put
i`tj prontinc.7
Jmokos i`itiob tjp hjrcif`
pjbiny ogviscrs^cnrctory jh^totc Aibbory Nbi`tj`, Xinc \rcsigc`t Djscpa Migc`, cnrctory jh Gchc`sc ]jmcrt Fotcs,
o`g @otij`ob ^cnurity Ogviscr Fc`crob Dokcs Dj`cswcrc obb i`nbi`cg tjworg trogitij`ob
rcobisk, obtajufa Aibbory Nbi`tj` wos nbcorby wcbb vcrscg i` gckjnrony o`g rifats issucs
o`g i`tcrcstcg i` c`suri`f o pbonc hjr tack i` tac hjrcif` pjbiny ofc`go. Wus, u`biec i`
tac Musa o`g Nbi`tj` ogki`istrotij`s, gckjnrony prjkjtij` aog `j tjp-bcvcb naokpij`
i` tac Jmoko tcok (suna os ^cnrctory jh ^totc Kogcbci`c Obmrifat o`g @otij`ob ^cnurity
Ogviscr O`taj`y Boec guri`f tac Nbi`tj` ycors jr Fcjrfc V. Musa aikscbh guri`f ais
ogki`istrotij`).
Nritinisk
Os kc`tij`cg, tac Jmoko tcok gig `jt vicw its corby kjvcs os o kodjr rjbbmone jh
gckjnrony suppjrt. ]otacr, ogki`istrotij` jniobs sow tack os o nao`fc jh tj`c o`g
jh kcssofi`f, o prcbugc tj putti`f i`tj pbonc o kjrc nj`sigcrcg opprjona jvcr tikc.
Wcy gig `jt, hjr cxokpbc, koec borfc-snobc nuts i` S.^. gckjnrony oig jr saorpby nurtoib
c`fofckc`t j` auko` rifats. Yct sjkc jmscrvcrs tjje it os o grokotin gjw`frogi`f jh
gckjnrony o`g sju`gcg tac obork. Ko`y jh tacsc vjincs nokc hrjk tac nj`scrvotivc sigc
Jmoko oppcorcg tj mc cspcniobbygisi`nbi`cg tj put tac S`itcg ^totcs
i` tac pjsitij` jh ikpjsi`f itscbh
pjbitinobby j` jtacr sjnictics, tcbbi`f
jtacrs waot tj gj, jr ossuki`f taot
tac S`itcg ^totcs aos obb tac o`swcrs.
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ ?>
jh tac oisbc o`g wcrc port jh tac i`itiob portiso` seirkisai`f jvcr Jmokos hjrcif` pjbiny.
Vriti`f hjr Hjx @cws i` ^cptckmcr =
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?7 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
tac cjrt tj bjje i`tj ]ussio` prcsigc`t Xbogikir \uti`s sjub, scc o gckjnrot, o`g
try tj muibg o hric`gby rcbotij`saip wita aik5 tac work tics wita ^ougi Oromio o`g
tac jtacr rcprcssivc Fubh kj`ornaics5 tac wigc-ro`fi`f suppjrt hjr Orom outjnrots i`
Cfypt, Djrgo`, Kjrjnnj, o`g cbscwacrc5 tac gibifc`t pursuit jh uschub hric`gsaips wita
gintotjrs i` Eozoeasto`, Szmceisto`, o`g jtacr Nc`trob Osio` nju`trics5 tac njzy ticswita vorijus u`gckjnrotin Ohrino` fjvcr`kc`ts uschub tj tac S`itcg ^totcs j` jib o`g
nju`tcrtcrrjrisk5 o`g kuna cbsc.
Ot tac sokc tikc, tac cxoffcrotcg `oturc jh sjkc nritiqucs gig `jt kco` tacrc wcrc `j
bcfitikotc frju`gs tj wjrry omjut tac Jmoko ogki`istrotij`s corby njkkitkc`t tj
gckjnrony suppjrt. Nritins wcrc njrrcnt i` pji`ti`f jut taot tac `cw hjrcif` pjbiny tcok
scckcg gctcrki`cg ot tikcs tj ovjig tac tjpin obtjfctacr o`g oppcorcg tj mc u`hokibior
wita tac onnukubotcg bcor`i`f omjut tac issuc hrjk post ogki`istrotij`s. It is `jtombc
i` tais rcforg taot nj`ncr` nokc hrjk kjgcrotc Gckjnrots ontivc i` tac trogitij`obbymiportiso` njkku`ity jh njrc suppjrtcrs jh S.^. gckjnrony prjkjtij`. Hrcg Aiott jh
tac Vosai`ftj` \jst, hjr cxokpbc, orfucg taot guri`f Jmokos rst kj`tas os prcsigc`t,
gckjnrotin obbics hcbt taot ais hjnus wos j` ikprjvi`f rcbotij`s wita outajritorio` pjwcrs,
waibc gckjnrony ontivists hcbt tacrc wos obwoys sjkc prijrity aifacr tao` tacirs.9I`
tac @cw Yjrecr, Fcjrfc \onecr `jtcg taot corby Jmoko pjbiny j` gckjnrony bcg tj tac
pcrncptij` taot tais Ogki`istrotij` wibb gcvjtc its c`crfy tj rcpoiri`f rcbotij`s wita
hjrcif` fjvcr`kc`ts, o`g wibb `jt rise tack hjr tac soec jh auko` rifats.?
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ ?3
^WC\\I@F S\
WAC JMOKO OGKI@I^W]OWIJ@mcfo` tj c`fofc kjrc ontivcby j` gckjnrony
prjkjtij` storti`f i` tac scnj`g aobh jh =
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?8 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
Wirg, os cvcry S.^. ogki`istrotij` jh tac post scvcrob gcnogcs aos cxpcric`ncg, urfc`t,
u`cxpcntcg cvc`ts i` tac wjrbg, mjta gckjnrotin mrcoegjw`s (biec tac =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ ?6
^\COEI@F JSW
\rcsigc`t Jmoko, Noirj S`ivcrsity, Noirj, Cfypt, Du`c 7, =
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?1 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
\rjgckjnrony Gipbjkony
O scnj`g cbckc`t jh tac i`tc`sicg c`fofckc`t wos o` i`nrcoscg tckpj jh prjgckjnrony
gipbjkony, tac mrcog-o`g-muttcr jh S.^. gckjnrony prjkjtij`, waina tc`gs tj mc
kuna bcss i` tac pumbin cyc tao` spccnacs o`g hjrkob pjbiny stotckc`ts mut ubtikotcbykjrc nj`scquc`tiob. ^una ontij`s c`toib tac hjnuscg oppbinotij` jh o ro`fc jh tjjbs
suna os gipbjkotin nodjbi`f jr ork-twisti`f, aifa-bcvcb nritinisk jr proisc jh hjrcif`
bcogcrs, mcai`g-tac-snc`cs kcgiotij`, tac oppbinotij` jh cnj`jkin norrjts jr stines,
o`g tac ontivotij` jh kubtibotcrob kcnao`iskstj try tj rcvcrsc njups, aobt gckjnrotin
monesbigi`f, rcsjbvc pjbitinob sto`gjs, jr mjbstcr mrcoetarjufas.
Wus, hjr cxokpbc, ohtcr tac njup i` Aj`guros i` Du`c =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ ?9
fbjmob prontincs tarjufa tac o``uob ^totc Gcportkc`t Nju`try ]cpjrts j` Auko` ]ifats
\rontincs. Wc Jmoko tcok obsj i`nrcoscg S.^. c`fofckc`t j` tac kubtibotcrob sigc jh
auko` rifats suppjrt, rcdji`i`f tac S@ Auko` ]ifats Nju`nib o`g wjrei`f witai` taot
i`stitutij` tj try tj fivc it `cw bihc. Jmokos okmossogjr tj tac S`itcg @otij`s, ^uso`
]inc, o`g jtacr kckmcrs jh tac ogki`istrotij`s S@ tcok aovc mcc` cspcniobby c`fofcgpboycrs i` tac S@ auko` rifats gjkoi`.
$
WAC BJ@F FOKC
O^ WAC JMOKO OGKI@I^W]OWIJ@c`fofcg kjrc ontivcby j` gckjnrony
issucs, sjkc jniobs i` pjsitij`s jh rcspj`simibity hjr tais pjbiny orco mcfo` tobei`fomjut tac ikpjrto`nc jh obsj gcvcbjpi`f waot tacy nobbcg tac bj`f fokc j` gckjnrony
suppjrt. Wcy one`jwbcgfcg tac ikpjrto`nc jh ccntivc c`fofckc`t i` tac goy-tj-
goy nut o`g tarust jh prjgckjnrotin gipbjkonytikcby rcspj`scs hrjk Vaitc Ajusc
o`g ^totc Gcportkc`t mrichcrs tj cvc`ts sif`obi`f gckjnrotin monesbigi`f, aifa-bcvcb
gipbjkotin c`fofckc`t ot ecy pjbitinob du`nturcs, wcbb-nrohtcg sif`obs my okmossogjrs tj
ecy nju`tcrports j` mrcoei`f gckjnrony o`g rifats issucs, o`g sj hjrta. Mut tacy mcbicvcg
taot tac S`itcg ^totcs njubg i`vcst kjrc i` mjbstcri`f tac pbonc jh gckjnrony suppjrt i`
tac jrkotivc o`g i`stitutij`ob hrokcwjres taot u`gcrfirg i`tcr`otij`ob pjbitins. Frcotcr
ottc`tij` tj tais bj`f-tcrk ospcnt jh i`tcr`otij`ob gckjnrony suppjrt wjubg, i` tacir
vicw, obif` wita mrjogcr gc`i`f vobucs jh Jmokos hjrcif` pjbiny, suna os kubtibotcrobisk
o`g nj`sc`sus muibgi`f. O`g its ckpaosis j` i`gircnt, quictcr kcosurcs rotacr tao` aifa
prjbc fcsturcs wjubg sit wcbb wita tac acifatc`cg sc`sitivitics i` ko`y ports jh tac wjrbg
omjut gckjnrony prjkjtij` os pjbitinob i`tcrvc`tij`isk.
Wc bj`f fokc gig `jt toec saopc os o hjrkobizcg pjbiny bi`c jr si`fbc poneofcit
ckcrfcg picnc my picnc os o bjjsc njbbcntij` jh rcbotcg u`gcrtoei`fs jr i`itiotivcs,
i`nbugi`f4
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=7 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
C`njurofi`f o frcotcr gckjnrony suppjrt rjbc hjr risi`f gckjnronics4 ]cnjf`izi`f tac
frjwi`f i`tcr`otij`ob wcifat jh ckcrfi`f gckjnrotin pjwcrs suna os Mrozib, I`gio,
I`gj`csio, o`g urecy, tac Jmoko ogki`istrotij` aos kogc o pji`t jh tryi`f tjstikubotc tac i`tcrcst o`g i`vjbvckc`t jh suna nju`trics i` suppjrti`f gckjnrony
i` tacir jw` rcfij`s o`g fbjmobby. I` ais =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ =3
J\C@ FJXC]@KC@W \O]W@C]^AI\
Wac Jpc` Fjvcr`kc`t \ort`crsaip (JF\), bou`nacg i` ^cptckmcr =
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=8 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
u`gcr tac S@ Nj`vc`tij` Ofoi`st Njrruptij` o`g wos j`c jh tac rst nju`trics
tj sumkit itscbh hjr rcvicw. Wc ogki`istrotij` aos obsj suppjrtcg kubtibotcrob
i`itiotivcs tj acbp rcnjvcr stjbc` pumbin hu`gs o`g bcfisbotij` tj rcquirc S.^.
ki`i`f o`g c`crfy njrpjrotij`s tj rcpjrt poykc`ts tj hjrcif` fjvcr`kc`ts.?6
]chjrki`f tac Njkku`ity jh Gckjnronics4 j mrjogc` tac i`tcr`otij`ob nj`sc`sus
orju`g gckjnrotin `jrks, tac Jmoko ogki`istrotij` aos obsj suppjrtcg cjrts
tj rci`vifjrotc o` cxisti`f hjruk4 tac Njkku`ity jh Gckjnronics, i`itiobby
cstombisacg i` =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ =6
gcvcbjpkc`t i` tac mcbich taot gckjnrony suppjrt wibb fct o mcttcr acori`f omrjog
ih it is ticg tj tac fjob jh o mcttcr bihc hjr pjjr pcjpbc. Wc =
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=1 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
^ustoi`omibity is obsj o sif`ino`t naobbc`fc hjr waot sj hor orc borfcby c`tausiosks jh sjkc
nurrc`t pjbitinob oppji`tccs. I`stitutij`obizi`f tacsc igcos wibb taus mc aorg fivc` tac
offrovotcg pjborizotij` i` Vosai`ftj`, o`g cvc` kjrc sj i` o pcrijg oacog biecby korecg
my rcguntij`s i` jpcroti`f mugfcts o`g o tjufa pori`f jh prijritics. S`gcrsto`gomby
c`jufa, tacsc i`itiotivcs rccnt ecy cbckc`ts jh tac wjrbgvicw jh tac nurrc`t tcok,cspcniobby its ckpaosis j` kubtibotcrobisk. Yct nc`trob tj ckmcggi`f suna i`itiotivcs i` tac
pjbiny murcounrony sj tacy bost tarjufa sunncssivc ogki`istrotij`sos cxckpbicg my tac
`jtombc bj`fcvity jh tac @otij`ob C`gjwkc`t hjr Gckjnronyis hubb muy-i` my sc`ijr
]cpumbino`s os wcbb os Gckjnrots.
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ =9
WAC O]OM ^\]I@F
OHWC] JMOKO WJJE JHHINC, sjkc gckjnrony prjkjtij` prjpj`c`ts i`
Vosai`ftj` ajpcg ac kifat koec Kiggbc Cost gckjnrony o prijrity. Vita ais pjtc`tioboppcob tj ko`y Oroms, fivc` ais pcrsj`ob monefrju`g o`g ais corby jppjsitij` tj tac Iroq
wor, Jmoko scckcg tj aovc o prjkisi`f mosc hrjk waina tj try tj rcmuibg tac ckpaosis
j` Orom gckjnrony taot Musa aog uschubby i`itiotcg mut tac` kuggicg sj tajrjufaby.
Mut ohtcr Jmoko roiscg tac issuc i` ais Du`c =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ >?
Ckmroni`f Nao`fc
Wc rcsubt jh tacsc voricg i`tcrcsts aos mcc` o pjbiny jh givcrfc`t ports. Wc ogki`istrotij`
aos ckmroncg kjvckc`t owoy hrjk outajritorio`isk wacrc it aos jnnurrcg, usuobby
(tajufa `jt obwoys) i` o noutijus, i`nrckc`tob woy. Wc S`itcg ^totcs aog `j ontivc rjbci` tac njbbopsc jh Mc` Obis prcsigc`ny i` u`isio, fivc` mjta tac spccg jh tac nao`fc
tacrc o`g tac rcbotivcby bjw S.^. gipbjkotin prjbc i` tac nju`try. I` tac pjstMc` Obi
pcrijg, tac ogki`istrotij` aos spjec` jut i` hovjr jh o gckjnrotin tro`sitij` o`g hu`gcg
prjfroks tj suppjrt it, i`nbugi`f ossisto`nc hjr cbcntij`s ogki`istrotij`, nivin cgunotij`,
o`g pjbitinob porty gcvcbjpkc`t. It proiscg u`isios Jntjmcr =
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>= GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
nivibio` rubc. Wc suppjrt aos mcc` hoirby nj`sistc`t mut vcry kuna witai` ncrtoi`
mju`gs. Wc ogki`istrotij` aos borfcby toec` tac ^NOH ot its wjrg o`g nj`ti`ucs tj
vjinc tac mcbich mjta i` privotc o`g i` pumbin taot Cfypts kibitory bcogcrs orc si`ncrc
i` tacir njkkitkc`t tj jvcrscc o gckjnrotin tro`sitij`. Ohtcr o` jutmrcoe jh rc`cwcg
prjtcsts o`g o vijbc`t rcspj`sc my Cfyptio` scnurity hjrncs i` @jvckmcr bcg tj tacgcotas jh scvcrob gjzc` pcrsj`s, tac ogki`istrotij` gig saorpc` its bo`fuofc, wita tac
Vaitc Ajusc prcss scnrctory stoti`f j` @jvckmcr =3 taot tac S`itcg ^totcs strj`fby
mcbicvcs taot tac `cw Cfyptio` fjvcr`kc`t kust mc ckpjwcrcg wita rcob outajrity
ikkcgiotcby. Mut tac ogki`istrotij` aos `jt rotnactcg up prcssurc j` tac ^NOH i`
kjrc sumsto`tivc woys (suna os my qucstij`i`f S.^. oig tj tac kibitory) i` rcspj`sc tj its
hrcquc`t pjbitinob hjjt-groffi`f o`g its nbcor i`tc`tij`s tj fuoro`tcc its prcrjfotivcs i`
o`y huturc rcfikc.
^jj` ohtcr Kumoroes gcporturc tac ogki`istrotij` kogc $83 kibbij` jh rcprjfrokkcgossisto`nc ovoibombc tj suppjrt o gckjnrotin tro`sitij`.>?
Wc Jmoko tcoks kjst gcnisivc suppjrt hjr tac u`hjbgi`f wovc jh pjbitinob nao`fc i` tac
rcfij` nokc i` Bimyo. Ohtcr o` i`itiob rcbunto`nc tj i`tcrvc`c i` Bimyos suggc` nivib wor,
Jmoko nao`fcg tone i` Korna wac` tac Orom Bcofuc o`g Fubh Njjpcrotij` Nju`nib
(FNN) os wcbb os Curjpco`
obbics urfcg o `j-y zj`c
o`g it bjjecg os tajufa
Kuokkor _oggo wos
pjiscg tj nrusa tac rcmcb
strj`fajbg i` Mc`faozi.Nj`vi`ncg taot o `j-y
zj`c wos i`sunic`t, tac
ogki`istrotij` suppjrtcg
S@ ^cnurity Nju`nib ]csjbutij` ?96>, waina outajrizcg tac usc jh hjrnc tj prjtcnt
nivibio`s. It pboycg o ecy rjbc i` tac @OJ i`tcrvc`tij` waina, jvcr tac njursc jh tac
`cxt scvc` kj`tas, nj`trimutcg sif`ino`tby tj tac cvc`tuob rcmcb vintjry. Guri`f taot
nokpoif`, tac S.^. kibitory bcg cjrts tj gcstrjy Bimyo` oir gchc`scs o`g prjvigcg tac
kodjrity jh survcibbo`nc o`g rchucbi`f suppjrt tj @OJ, i` oggitij` tj bou`nai`f `corby
7=O`g j`nc _oggo wos rjutcg, sc`ijr S.^. jniobs trovcbcg tj ripjbio`g pbcgfcg gipbjkotin o`g tcna`inob suppjrt tj tac @otij`ob ro`sitij`ob Nju`nib i` tac
Wac Jmoko tcoks kjst gcnisivc
suppjrt hjr tac u`hjbgi`f wovc jh
pjbitinob nao`fc i` tac rcfij` nokc
i` Bimyo.
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ >>
ajpc jh acbpi`f it nj`sjbigotc its ajbg j` tac nju`try o`g put tjfctacr o hcosimbc pbo` hjr
muibgi`f o gckjnrotin systck.
I` ^yrio o`g Yckc`, tac ogki`istrotij` obsj sjufat tj mone tac hjrncs jh nao`fc, obtajufa
wita sjkc acsitotij` i` ^yrio o`g trcpigotij` i` Yckc`. Vac` gckj`strotij`s rstnronecg tac hrjzc` surhonc jh ^yrio` pjbitins i` Korna, tac Jmoko tcok bct jut kixcg
sif`obs. Wc ogki`istrotij` gig nritinizc ^yrio` \rcsigc`t Mosaor ob-Ossogs rcprcssivc
rcspj`sc. Mut it stibb nbu`f tj tac igco taot Ossog kifat povc tac woy hjr pconchub nao`fc,
wita Nbi`tj` i` Korna growi`f o gisti ntij` mctwcc` Ossog o`g _oggo o`g `jti`f taot
ko`y pcjpbc mcbicvc Ossog is o rchjrkcr.>>Wis rccntcg tac vicw jh sjkc i` tac Jmoko
tcok taot o njbbopsc jh Ossogs rubc kifat rckjvc o pjtc`tiob pconc port`cr hjr Isrocb o`g
bcog tj go`fcrjus naojs nbjsc tj mjta Iroq o`g Isrocb. Os tac gckj`strotij`s i` ^yrio
wigc`cg o`g Ossogs rcspj`sc
tur`cg i`tj tac systckotinsboufatcr jh tajuso`gs, tac
ogki`istrotij` saihtcg tjworg
o nbcorcr o`ti-Ossog sto`nc,
rotnacti`f up gipbjkotin
prcssurc j` tac ^yrio`
strj`fko`, prjfrcssivcby
tifatc`i`f cnj`jkin
so`ntij`s, o`g cvc`tuobby, j`
Oufust ?1, cxpbinitby nobbi`f j` Ossog tj stcp gjw`. Wc S.^. okmossogjr tj ^yrio, ]jmcrtHjrg, prjvigcg jutspjec` suppjrt hjr gissigc`tscvc` trovcbi`f tj tac rcstivc nity jh
Aoko ofoi`st yrio` fjvcr`kc`t wisacs.
I` Yckc`, tac ogki`istrotij` wotnacg u`cosiby os koss gckj`strotij`s o`g ikpjrto`t
pjbitinob gchcntij`s muctcg bj`ftikc S.^. obby \rcsigc`t Obi Omgubboa ^obca. Gcspitc tac
nbjsc S.^. nju`tcrtcrrjrisk tics tj tac Yckc`i bcogcr, tac Jmoko tcok nokc orju`g tj
tac mcbich taot ^obcas gcporturc wos `cncssory hjr Yckc` tj rcnjvcr ot bcost sjkc mosin
stomibity. Ogki`istrotij` jniobs rcpcotcgby nj`gck`cg tac vijbc`nc i` tac nju`try o`g
mcfo` pusai`f i` Oprib hjr o pconchub tro`shcr jh pjwcr. Wcy strj`fby suppjrtcg o kjgcstFubh Njjpcrotij` Nju`nib tro`sitij` prjpjsob, waina ^obca rcpcotcgby prjkiscg tj sif`
mut monecg jut jh ot bcost tarcc tikcs mchjrc `obby ofrcci`f tj i` @jvckmcr =
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>7 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
hrjk jtacr i`tcr`otij`ob ontjrs o`g o nbcor auko`itorio` nrisis. Wis noutijus rcspj`sc
rccntcg scvcrob bcfitikotc nj`ncr s4 ?) o` u`ncrtoi`ty omjut tac vobuc jh pjbitinob nao`fc
hjr sjkc S.^. i`tcrcsts i` tac rcfij`5 =) o gcsirc tj ovjig situotij`s wacrc tac S`itcg
^totcs wjubg mrcoe obb tics wita o bcogcr muctcg my prjtcsts mut tac` aovc tj fct obj`f
wita aik ih ac survivcg i` pjwcr5 o`g >) tac i`sti`ntivc mcbich j` tac port jh \rcsigc`tJmoko taot tac S`itcg ^totcs sajubg ovjig putti`f itscbh ot tac nc`tcr jh pjtc`tiob
pjbitinob nao`fc i` jtacr nju`trics, jut jh nj`ncr` mjta jvcr gisnrcgiti f tajsc pusai`f
hjr gckjnrony o`g ossuki`f o bcvcb jh rcspj`simibity hjr cvc`ts taot tac S`itcg totcs
kifat mc u`ombc tj hubbb. Xobig orfukc`ts pcrsist jvcr wactacr tac ogki`istrotij` sajubg
aovc ontcg corbicr o`g kjrc gcnisivcby i` hovjr jh nao`fc i` tacsc gicrc`t pboncs. Yct tacsc
orfukc`ts orc omjut tiki`f o`g ckpaosis rotacr tao` mosin gircntij`tac ogki`istrotij`
aos suppjrtcg gckjnrotin nao`fc i` kco`i`fhub woys i` cona jh tacsc noscs. Cbscwacrc i`
tac rcfij`, ajwcvcr, tac pinturc is bcss pjsitivc.
Musi`css os Ssuob
Vac` kossivc prjtcsts mrjec jut i` Moaroi` i` Hcmruory =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ >3
omuscsmut aos `jt visimby pusacg tac fjvcr`kc`t tj i`trjgunc kodjr nao`fcs. Jvcrobb,
it oppcors cofcr tj nj`gunt musi`css os usuob, i`nbugi`f kjvi`f hjrworg j` o $3> kibbij`
orks sobc tj tac fjvcr`kc`t. Wc prjpjscg wcopj`s gcob c`nju`tcrcg strj`f jppjsitij` i`
Nj`frcss o`g oppcors tj mc j` ajbg hjr tac tikc mci`f.
Wc pubb jh nju`tcrvoibi`f scnurity o`g cnj`jkin i`tcrcsts aos mcc` strj`f i` tac rcst jh
tac Fubh os wcbb. Wc S`itcg ^totcs aos koi`toi`cg njrgiob rcbotij`s wita its bj`ftikc
outjnrotin obbics (o`g wita ^ougi Oromio, it aos bomjrcg tj skjjta jvcr tac upsct nouscg
my S.^. suppjrt hjr nao`fc i` Cfypt). Wcsc fjvcr`kc`ts aovc sj hor mcc` ombc tj stovc
j tac rcfij`ob wovc jh sjnijpjbitinob u`rcst, borfcby tao`es tj tacir nj`sigcrombc `o`niob
rcsjurncs, o`g tac ogki`istrotij` oppcors aoppy tj eccp jpcroti`f i` tac kjgc jh njzy
rcbotij`s wita hric`gby tyro`ts taot gc`cg S.^. pjbiny tarjufajut kjst jh tac rcfij` hjr
gcnogcs mchjrc.
Cvc` i` tac twj Orom kj`ornaics wacrc tac S`itcg ^totcs aos pjtc`tiobby kjrc pjbitinob
i`uc`nc tao` tac Fubh o`g wacrc borfcr prjtcsts aovc cruptcgDjrgo` o`g Kjrjnnj
tac ogki`istrotij` aos j`by vcry kibgby spjec` up hjr rchjrk. O`g os tac ei`fs i` mjta
nju`trics aovc rcsjrtcg tj tacir tikc-tcstcg tontins jh rchjrk fcsturcs gcsif`cg tj fivc tac
oppcoro`nc jh njkkitkc`t tj gckjnrotizotij` mut hobbi`f sajrt jh nao`fc ot tac pjbitinob
njrc, tac ogki`istrotij` aos proiscg tacir cjrts os cxokpbcs jh c`bifatc`cg bcogcrsaip.
Vac` Djrgo s Ei`f Omgubboa II visitcg Vosai`ftj` i` Koy =
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>8 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
\rcsigc`t Jmoko oppcors tj aovc ckmroncg tac spirit jh nao`fc i` tac rcfij` o`g pusacg
S.^. pjbiny ot bcost portiobby jut jh tac gccp frjjvc jh njkhjrt wita hric`gby tyro`ts. Ais
spccna jh Koy ?9, =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ >6
jh jur i`tcrcsts obif`. Vc wjre tj obif` tack, mut taot is dust rcobity.>8Yct tais wos tac
sokc mosin orfukc`t taot S.^. jniobs jcrcg ofoi` o`g ofoi` i` tac ycors prijr tj tac
Orom uprisi`fs tj dustihy tac S.^. ottonakc`t tj its gintotjriob hric`gs.
Jvcrobb, si`nc tac stort jh =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ >9
\O]WIOB ]CXIWOBITOWIJ@
^WC\\I@F MONEhrjk o hjnus j` o`y j`c rcfij` jr tackotin orco jh ckpaosis, j`c
no` scc taot my tac c`g jh =
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7< GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
Wcsc vorijus cjrts jpcrotc hrjk o` i`hjrkob sct jh fuigi`f pri`nipbcs taot scce tj
pjsitij` tac S`itcg ^totcs os o pjsitivc, njjpcrotivc, o`g rcspcntcg i`tcr`otij`ob ontjr j`
gckjnrony issucs4
Ckpaosizi`f tac u`ivcrsobisk jh gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats `jrks.
Ossjnioti`f gckjnrony wita jtacr bcss pjbitinobby sc`sitivc pumbin fjjgs biec
gcvcbjpkc`t, dustinc, tro`sporc`ny, o`g ccntivc fjvcr`o`nc tj mrjogc` its oppcob.
Bjjei`f hjr kubtibotcrob opprjonacs o`g gckj`stroti`f o wibbi`f`css tj pboy o
suppjrti`f rjbc o`g bct jtacr ontjrs toec tac bcog i` sjkc aifa-visimibity cjrts tj
ogvo`nc gckjnrony.
Ovjigi`f putti`f tac S`itcg ^totcs jut i` hrj`t jh bjnob prjgckjnrotin ontjrs i`
nj`tcxts wacrc tacy koy sucr hrjk o nbjsc ossjniotij` wita tac S`itcg ^totcs.
Wc Jmoko opprjona gjcs rcprcsc`t ot bcost o portiob rcvitobizotij` jh S.^. gckjnrony
pjbiny hrjk its trjumbcg stotc ot tac c`g jh tac Musa ycors. Jmoko aos sunnccgcg i`
frcotby giki`isai`f tac gokofi`f ossjniotij` jh gckjnrony prjkjtij` wita tac Iroq
wor o`g wita u`ibotcrob, hjrnimbc rcfikc nao`fc fc`crobby waibc stibb pursi`f ontivc
prjgckjnrony gipbjkony i` ko`y pboncs. Wc S.^. portinipotij` i` tac =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 7?
Ot tac sokc tikc, tac cxtrckcby ajstibc vicw jh gckjnrony prjkjtij` taot ckcrfcg i`
]ussio, Nai`o, o`g sjkc jtacr `j`gckjnrotin pboncs ohtcr tac Iroq wor o`g tac njbjr
rcvjbutij`s i` Fcjrfio o`g Seroi`c pcrsists. Ko`y jniobs i` tacsc nju`trics orc stibb
frippcg my tac hcor taot obb jutmrcoes jh borfc-snobc pjbitinob prjtcst i` tac wjrbg orc
tac wjre jh o si`istcr S.^. ao`g orthubby nbjoecg i` tac form jh nivib sjnicty ossisto`ncjr pjbitinob porty suppjrt.
Wc corbicr trc`g i` ko`y
nju`trics tjworg aifaby
rcstrintivc bows fjvcr`i`f
cxtcr`ob hu`gi`f hjr nivib
sjnicty o`g jtacr rcbotcg
cjrts tj mbjne gckjnrony
ossisto`nc nj`ti`uc. Obtajufa
tac monebosa ofoi`stgckjnrony prjkjtij` i`
ko`y j`gckjnronics orjsc
i` rcspj`sc tj spcnin cvc`ts o`g o ncrtoi` fcjpjbitinob nj`tcxt i` tac kiggbc ycors jh tac
bost gcnogc, it aos frjw` rjjts taot rcona wcbb mcbjw tac surhonc jh o`y spcnin S.^. jr
jtacr Vcstcr` pjbiny nao`fcs.
O`jtacr ecy cbckc`t jh Jmokos ottckptcg rcvitobizotij` jh S.^. gckjnrony suppjrt
tac rcstjrotij` jh Okcrinos sto`gi`f os o sykmjb jh gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats i` tac
wjrbgaos c`nju`tcrcg najppicr wotcrs. Wc ogki`istrotij` aos toec` sjkc njrrcntivcontij`s wita rcforg tj S.^. rcspcnt hjr bow o`g rifats i` its nju`tcrtcrrjrisk pjbinics, o`g
Jmoko c`djys o mcttcr rcputotij` fc`crobby i` tac wjrbg j` auko` rifats tao` gig Musa.
Mut tac prcsigc`t aos `jt onnjkpbisacg ais sif`oturc fjob jh nbjsi`f Fuo`t`okj. I`
oggitij`, mjwi`f tj nj`frcssij`ob prcssurc, tac ogki`istrotij` rcvcrscg its corbicr gcnisij`
tj ajbg nivibio` triobs i` @cw Yjre hjr gctoi`ccs onnuscg jh pbo``i`f tac ^cptckmcr ??
ottones.>6Wc ogki`istrotij` aos obsj mcc` nritinizcg my auko` rifats ogvjnotcs hjr
hoibi`f tj ajbg o`y nurrc`t jr hjrkcr S.^. jniobs onnju`tombc hjr post omuscs o`g i`stcog
ogjpti`f ko`y jh tac Musa ogki`istrotij`s bcfob pjsitij`s i` jrgcr tj mbjne bowsuits my
hjrkcr gctoi`ccs sccei`f rcgrcss hjr ibbcfob gctc`tij`, rc`gitij`, o`g tjrturc.>1
Wc foi`s onaicvcg my tac kjgcst ikprjvckc`ts i` S.^. auko` rifats pjbiny ot ajkc
aovc mcc` jvcrsaogjwcg my jtacr `cfotivc gcvcbjpkc`ts guri`f Jmokos prcsigc`ny.
Wc hrontijus fjvcr`o`nc taot aos wronecg S.^. pjbitinob bihc i` tac post hcw ycors aos
gcobt o mbjw tj tac oppcob jh Okcrino` gckjnrony tj jtacrs. Wc tito`in cjrts taot
tac ogki`istrotij` put i`tj tryi`f tj c`ont acobta norc rchjrk ostj`isacg ko`y hjrcif`
jmscrvcrs mjta mcnousc jh tac okju`t jh tikc o`g c`crfy rcquircg hjr tac S.^. systck
tj ottckpt o kodjr rchjrk o`g tac gccp sjnijpjbitinob givisij`s tac cjrt aifabifatcg.
Cvc` kjrc ikpjrto`tby, tac sckiporobysis jh fjvcr`o`nc taot aos prcvoibcg si`nc tac]cpumbino`s foi`cg o kodjrity i` tac Ajusc jh ]cprcsc`totivcs i` =
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7= GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
j` gispboy guri`f tac mottbc i` tac sukkcr jh =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 7>
]CW]COW J]
]COGDS^WKC@W:
WOEC@ WJFCWAC],tac vorijus cbckc`ts jh tac Jmoko opprjona nj`stitutc
o` ikpjrto`t c`fofckc`t j` gckjnrony prjkjtij`. Yct i` tac borfcr pcrspcntivc jhJmokos jvcrobb hjrcif` pjbiny, tacy rcprcsc`t j`by o scnj`gory ckpaosis obj`fsigc tac
nc`trob orcos jh nj`ncr` taot aovc toec` up kjst jh tac ogki`istrotij`s tikc o`g c`crfy4
pursui`f nju`tcrtcrrjrisk, i`nbugi`f tarjufa tac wor i` Ohfao`isto`, tac rcbotcg nj`int
i` \oeisto`, o`g tac borfcr struffbc tj njkmot ob-_ocgo j` kubtipbc nj`ti`c`ts5 c`gi`f
tac wor i` Iroq5 ko`ofi`f rcbotij`s wita o ropigby risi`f Nai`o5 rcsctti`f rcbotij`s wita
o rcnobnitro`t ]ussio5 tryi`f tj tawort Iro s unbcor okmitij`s5 ottckpti`f tj honibitotc o
rcsjbutij` jh tac Isrocbi-\obcsti`io` nj`int5 o`g bost mut my `j kco`s bcost, tryi`f tj ovjig
hurtacr i`tcr`otij`ob cnj`jkin i`stomibity o`g nrisis.
Gckjnrony suppjrt furcs i` sjkc jh tacsc c`gcovjrs, suna os tac oig tj suppjrt
pburobistin pjbitinob gcvcbjpkc`t os port jh tac cxit strotcfy i` Iroq o`g tac cjrt tj
koi`toi` o viombc auko` rifats trone i` tac rcbotij`saip wita ]ussio. J` tac wajbc,
ajwcvcr, gckjnrony suppjrt is `jt o kodjr cbckc`t jh o`y jh tac koi` orcos jh ottc`tij`
o`g cjrt i` Jmokos hjrcif` pjbiny gcspitc ais ractjrinob orkotij` ot tac S`itcg
@otij`s jh o` jvcrornai`f njkkitkc`t taot Okcrino wibb `cvcr wovcr i` jur cjrts tj
sto`g up hjr tac rifat jh pcjpbc cvcrywacrc tj gctcrki`c tacir jw` gcsti`y.>9O pjssimbc
cxncptij` is tac `cw prjki`c`nc jh gckjnrony nj`ncr`s i` S.^. pjbiny tjworg tac Orom
wjrbg, os o rcsubt jh tac tigc jh pjbitinob nao`fc tacrc. Mut os gisnusscg omjvc, gckjnrony
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77 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
suppjrt sj hor oppcors tj furc prjki`c`tby i` S.^. rcbotij`s j`by wita o ki`jrity jh
Orom nju`trics.
Wc rcob wcifat jh tac ogki`istrotij`s mrjogby stotcg njkkitkc`t tj gckjnrony o`g
auko` rifats is obsj u`gcrnut my its pursuit jh hric`gby tics wita ko`y `j`gckjnrotinfjvcr`kc`ts hjr tac soec jh nju`tcrvoibi`f cnj`jkin o`g scnurity i`tcrcsts. Wis i`nbugcs
tac hokibior, bj`f-sto`gi`f noscs jh uschub hric`gsaips wita tac outjnrotin fjvcr`kc`ts
i` tac \crsio` Fubh o`g tac mosinobby njrgiob rcbotij`saip wita tac Nai`csc fjvcr`kc`t
gcspitc its rcbc`tbcss gjkcstin rcprcssij`. Mut it obsj i`nbugcs jtacr nju`trics bcss i`
tac bikcbifat. I` Nc`trob Osio o`g tac Nounosus, tac Jmoko ogki`istrotij` koi`toi`s
hric`gby jr ot bcost kutuobby prjguntivc rcbotij`s wita u`gckjnrotin fjvcr`kc`ts i`
Eozoeasto`, Szmceisto`,
Ozcrmoido`, Orkc`io, o`g
Eyrfyzsto` (wacrc tacfjvcr`kc`t wos outjnrotin
u`tib tac justcr jh \rcsigc`t
Eurko`mce Moeiycv i` =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 73
NJS@WC]XOIBI@F I@WC]C^W^
I@ OH]INOOs jib o`g nju`tcrtcrrjrisk nj`ncr`s aovc risc` j` tac S.^. pjbiny ofc`go hjrsum-^oaoro` Ohrino guri`f tac post tc` ycors, mjta tac Musa o`g tac Jmokoogki`istrotij`s aovc gjw`pboycg gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats i` o frjwi`f`ukmcr jh nju`trics hjr tac soec jh njjpcrotij` j` tacsc issucs. ^jkc nurrc`tcxokpbcs i`nbugc4
O`fjbo4 Vita O`fjbo mcnjki`f o kodjr jib cxpjrtcr, tac S`itcg ^totcs
wjres ossigujusby tj koi`toi` hric`gby rcbotij`s wita O`fjbo` prcsigc`tDjs Cguorgj gjs ^o`tjs, gcspitc ais scrijus gckjnrotin gchinic`nics. I`Koy =
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78 GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
Obb tarcc jh tacsc `orrotivcs wcrc tro shjrkotij`ob onnju`ts taot nost tac S`itcg ^totcs
i` tac rjbc `jt dust os tac prikory gctcrki`cr jh tac i`tcr`otij`ob scnurity jrgcr mut os
o rcsaopcr jh tac gjkcstin pjbitinob trodcntjry jh ko`y jtacr nju`trics. jgoy, `j suna
`orrotivc hjr S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny cxists. Wc kubtipbc hrj`ts jh Jmokos hjrcif` pjbiny orc
`jt i`tcrnj``cntcg ports jh j`c borfcr struffbc o`g orc `jt omjut rckoei`f tac wjrbgi` tac ikofc jh tac S`itcg ^totcs. Wcy orc omjut tac S`itcg ^totcs tryi`f tj prjtcnt its
scnurity o`g cnj`jkin wcbb-mci`f i` tac honc jh kyriog givcrsc naobbc`fcs.
Wis omsc`nc jh o nc`trob `orrotivc, o`g j`c i` waina gckjnrony prjkjtij` wjubg aovc
o `oturob pbonc, is `jt o hoibi`f jh \rcsigc`t Jmoko o`g ais hjrcif` pjbiny tcok. ]otacr,
it is o rccntij` jh tac stotc jh tac wjrbg. Ohtcr tac Njbg Vor hrokcwjre jh S.^. hjrcif`
pjbiny c`gcg, tac i`tcr`otij`ob scnurity bo`gsnopc mcnokc i`nrcosi`fby actcrjfc`cjus,
sporei`f o `ccg hjr o kotnai`f actcrjfc`city jh S.^. pjbiny c`fofckc`t. Onncpto`nc my
tac S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny njkku`ity o`g S.^. pumbin jh tais actcrjfc`city wos gcboycg hjrtwj gcnogcsrst my tac i`itiob pjstNjbg Vor nj`ncit jh Okcrino os o bj`c supcrpjwcr
taot wjubg gjki`otc tac i`tcr`otij`ob stofc biec o sjrt jh mc`if` kocstrj nj`gunti`f o
pjsitivc-suk sykpaj`y jh cnj`jkin o`g pjbitinob fbjmobizotij`, o`g tac` my tac pjst-
9/?? pcrncptij` taot Okcrinos hjrcif` pjbiny j`nc ofoi` sajubg mc strunturcg orju`g
o si`fbc, gjki`o`t tarcot. Mut tajsc twj obtcr`otivc visij`s aovc hogcg. Wc rcobitics jh
o kcssy wjrbg, mrikki`f wita borfc, kcgiuk, o`g skobb tarcots jh obb sjrts, rcquirc o
porobbcb givcrsity jh S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny c`gcovjrs. Frcotcr kubtipjbority kco`s o bcss
gjki`o`t rjbc hjr tac S`itcg totcs, cvc` tajufa S.^. pjwcr rckoi`s hjrkigombc. Wis
nao`fcg pinturc njkcs os o rcogdustkc`t i` tac pbonc jh gckjnrony prjkjtij` i` tachjrcif` pjbiny ofc`go.
Wis nao`fc is u`sotishyi`f tj sjkc, cspcniobby tajsc waj orc gissotiscg wita tac hont jh
frjwi`f kubtipjbority o`g nrovc tac rcnj`struntij` jh o si`fbc, tro`shjrkotij`ob `orrotivc
hjr S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny, j`c taot is obb omjut S.^. pjwcr o`g strc`fta. It is biecby taot tac
gcmotc jvcr S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny i` tac u`hjbgi`f prcsigc`tiob cbcntij` nokpoif` wibb pboy
jut os o` orfukc`t onrjss tais borfcr givigc. Gckjnrony prjkjtij` koy wcbb fct pubbcg
i`tj taot gcmotc os it is sjkctikcs trcotcg os o prjxy hjr tac borfcr issuc jh ajw osscrtivc
Okcrino sajubg mc i` tac wjrbg, cspcniobby tjworg ajstibc pjwcrs.
I` troni`f tac cvjbutij` jh hjrcif` pjbiny `orrotivcs jvcr tikc, ajwcvcr, it is ikpjrto`t `jt
tj c`g up saogjwmjxi`f wita ibbusjry ikofcs hrjk tac post. Wc pbonc jh gckjnrony i`
tac stotcg hjrcif` pjbiny ofc`gos jh tac post tarcc gcnogcs wos ikprcssivc, mut tac ontuob
pjbinics j` gckjnrony taot wc`t j` u`gcr`cota tac orthub no`jpics jh tacsc stjry bi`cs
wcrc obwoys kuna kjrc kixcg tao` tac sjori`f wjrgs ikpbicg.
Wus, ]j`obg ]cofo`s stobwort njkkitkc`t tj hrccgjk njcxistcg wita ko`y nj`ti`ui`f
S.^. hric`gsaips wita rcprcssivc outjnrots, wactacr \rcsigc`t Kjmutu csc cej jh Toirc,
\rcsigc`t ^uaortj jh I`gj`csio, \rcsigc`t Kjaokkog Tio-ub-Aoq jh \oeisto`, tac
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 76
vorijus prj-S.^. outjnrots i` tac Kiggbc Cost, o`g jtacrs. \rcsigc`t Nbi`tj`s ottonakc`t
tj mjbstcri`f gckjnrony i` o fbjmobizi`f wjrbg fovc sif`ino`t gchcrc`nc tj cnj`jkin
o`g scnurity i`tcrcsts taot u`gcrfirgcg hric`gby S.^. rcbotij`s wita gintotjriob rcfikcs
tarjufajut tac Orom wjrbg
o`g ikpjrto`t ports jhNc`trob Osio, Cost Osio, o`g
^jutacost Osio. \rcsigc`t
Fcjrfc V. Musas Hrccgjk
Ofc`go gig `jt jvcrrigc
tac ikpcrotivc jh scnurity
njjpcrotij` wita \oeisto`i
prcsigc`t \crvcz Kusaorroh,
tac vobuc jh i`tikotc tics wita
^ougi Oromio o`g jtacr Fubhkj`ornaics, o`g tac utibity
jh fji`f cosy j` vorijus Ohrino` outjnrots sitti`f j` jib jr acbpi`f wita nju`tcrtcrrjrisk.
Obb jh tacsc prcsigc`ts ecpt tacir snrupbcs j` gckjnrony o`g auko` rifats sunic`tby i`
nacne tj fct obj`f rcosj`omby wcbb wita tac Nai`csc fjvcr`kc`t.
Wus, tac u`cvc``css jh Jmokos njkkitkc`t tj gckjnrony omrjog is kjrc o
nj`ti`uotij` jh o gcnogcs-bj`f pottcr` tao` o nao`fc jr o rctrcot. Kjrcjvcr, it is truc taot
os o rcsubt jh o nao`fcg i`tcr`otij`ob bo`gsnopc, tac S`itcg totcs `j bj`fcr aos o nc`trob
c`fofckc`t j` gckjnrony prjkjtij` ot tac acort jh its fcjstrotcfy sikibor citacr tj tacstruffbc tj c`g ^jvict tyro``y jr tac corby pjstNjbg Vor cjrt tj acbp c`surc tac sunncss
jh gckjnrony i` pjstnjkku`ist Nc`trob o`g Costcr` Curjpc o`g tac hjrkcr ^jvict
S`ij`. Yct tac S`itcg ^totcs rckoi`s c`fofcg, os it aos mcc` hjr gcnogcs, i` suppjrti`f
gckjnrony i` `ukcrjus woys, borfc o`g skobb, i` o vcry borfc `ukmcr jh pboncs. I` hont,
tac S`itcg ^totcs rckoi`s tac kjst ontivc o`g ikpjrto`t suppjrtcr jh gckjnrony i` tac
wjrbg.
@cvcrtacbcss, sustoi`i`f o`g saorpc`i`f tac S.^. fbjmob rjbc j` gckjnrony suppjrt
rckoi`s o nj`ti`uob wjre i` prjfrcss. \ortiso` gcmotcs jvcr fro`g hjrcif` pjbiny`orrotivcs orc o `oturob o`g `cncssory port jh S.^. prcsigc`tiob nokpoif`s. ^j, tjj, orc tac
pji`tcg nbosacs jvcr ajw aorg tac S`itcg ^totcs sajubg pusa sjkc aifa-prjbc ajstibc
fjvcr`kc`ts, suna os Iro`s, j` tacir gckjnrotin sajrtnjki`fs o`g auko` rifats hoibi`fs.
Mut tacsc orfukc`ts no` kose tac hont taot my hor tac vost kodjrity jh tac goiby wjre jh
gckjnrony suppjrt is o kottcr jh miportiso` ofrcckc`t. O`g tacy koy hoib tj aifabifat
tac bcss visimbc mut jhtc` cquobby nruniob issucs hjr mjbstcri`f S.^. gckjnrony suppjrt i`
tac ycors oacog, wactacr u`gcr Gckjnrots jr ]cpumbino`s, i`nbugi`f4 i`dcnti`f ot bcost
sjkc scrijus prjgckjnrotin nj`tc`t i`tj S.^. rcbotij`s wita putotivcby acbphub outjnrots5
eccpi`f os kuna gckjnrony oig i`tont os pjssimbc i` tac njki`f obkjst ncrtoi` wovcjh scrijus nuts i` S.^. hjrcif` ossisto`nc5 njkpbcti`f tac i`stitutij`obizotij` jh `cw
Wais omsc`nc jh o nc`trob `orrotivc,
o`g j`c i` waina gckjnrony
prjkjtij` wjubg aovc o `oturob pbonc,
is `jt o hoibi`f jh \rcsigc`t Jmoko o`g
ais hjrcif` pjbin y tcok. ]otacr, it is o
rchbcntij` jh tac stotc jh tac wjrbg.
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3< GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
3 Gjufbos ^najc`, Jmokos Hjrcif` \jbiny4 Omo`gj` Gckjnrony, Hjx @cws, ^cptckmcr ?,= Morone Jmoko, ]ckores jh \rcsigc`t Jmoko Korei`f @jwruz, Vaitc Ajusc, Korna=
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 3?
=< Bcogi`f rjufa Nivibio` \jwcr4 c Hirst _uogrc``iob Gipbjkony o`g Gcvcbjpkc`t]cvicw(Vosai`ftj`, G.N.4 S.^. Gcportkc`t jh ^totc o`g S.^. Ofc`ny hjr I`tcr`otij`obGcvcbjpkc`t, =
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3= GCKJN]ONY \JBINY S@GC] JMOKO
NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@Whjr I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONC
>7 Morone Jmoko, ]ckores my \rcsigc`t Jmoko o`g Ais Kodcsty Ei`f Omgubboa II jh Djrgo`Ohtcr Mibotcrob Kccti`f, Vaitc Ajusc, Koy ?6, =
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 3>
WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^is vinc prcsigc`t hjr stugics ot tac Nor`cfic C`gjwkc`t hjr
I`tcr`otij`ob \conc. Ac is tac hju`gcr o`g gircntjr jh tac Gckjnrony o`g ]ubc jh Bow\rjfrok, waina o`obyzcs tac stotc jh gckjnrony i` tac wjrbg o`g cjrts my tac S`itcg
^totcs o`g jtacr nju`trics tj prjkjtc gckjnrony.
Norjtacrs is o bcogi`f outajrity j` gckjnrony prjkjtij` o`g gckjnrotizotij` wjrbgwigc
os wcbb os o` cxpcrt j` S.^. hjrcif` pjbiny fc`crobby. Ac aos wjrecg j` gckjnrony
ossisto`nc prjdcnts hjr ko`y pumbin o`g privotc jrfo`izotij`s o`g norricg jut cxtc`sivc
cbg rcscorna j` gckjnrony-muibgi`f cjrts orju`g tac wjrbg. I` oggitij`, ac aos mrjog
cxpcric`nc i` kottcrs gcobi`f wita gcvcbjpkc`t, fjvcr`o`nc, auko` rifats, rubc jh bow,
o`g nivib sjnicty gcvcbjpkc`t.
Norjtacrs is tac outajr jr cgitjr jh cifat nritinobby onnboikcg mjjes j` gckjnrony
prjkjtij`, os wcbb os ko`y ortinbcs i` prjki`c`t djur`obs o`g `cwspopcrs. Ac is o sc`ijr
rcscorna hcbbjw ot @ucbg Njbbcfc, Jxhjrg S`ivcrsity, o`g aos obsj toufat ot tac Nc`trob
Curjpco` S`ivcrsity o`g tac Dja`s Ajpei`s ^najjb jh Ogvo`ncg I`tcr`otij`ob ^tugics.
OMJSW WAC OSWAJ]
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WAJKO^ NO]JWAC]^ 33
WAC NO]@CFIC C@GJVKC@W HJ] I@WC]@OWIJ@OB \CONCis o
privotc, `j`prjt jrfo`izotij` gcginotcg tj ogvo`ni`f njjpcrotij` mctwcc` `otij`s o`gprjkjti`f ontivc i`tcr`otij`ob c`fofckc`t my tac S`itcg totcs. Hju`gcg i` ?9?
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