deck construction guide · 2) deck anatomy 3) footings 5) ledger board 6) ledger board 2 7) free...

Deck Construction Guide

2) Deck Anatomy3) Footings5) Ledger Board6) Ledger Board 27) Free Standing Frames8) Basic Framing9) Beams10) Multi-Level Connections11) Typical Stairs12) Staircase Details13) Staircase Details14) Handrail Detials15) Typical Guardrail Detials16) Hardware

Disclaimer

The deck designer, related plans & guide are to be used as an educational guide and not to be considered a finalized deck building plan. It is your responsibility to verify the accuracy and compliance with your local building codes and site conditions.

Premiumurbandesign.com accepts no liability for any damages including personal injuries or property losses for the information published from the website of Premiumurbandesign.com or the deck designer. We cannot anticipate your entire field working conditions or the characteristics of your building materials and tools. Consider your skill level and use caution and good judgement when using this information. If you have questions or concerns consult with your local building inspector, engineer or architect. Always obtain the necessary building permits and follow local codes and guidelines.Be sure to follow building plans and instructions carefully. You are responsible for ensuring that the measurements and design are correct. Due to the size, shape, height, site location, anticipated use and other factors you may be required to install additional structural support and hardware including knee bracing or bridging between joists that isnt included in the Premiumurbandesign.com designs, related plans and construction guide. You are responsible for verifying that the design and any modifications you make meet local building codes.

Premiumurbandesign.com accepts no liability or responsibility for your design, construction or the use of any products that may be supplied by Premiumurbandesign.com.

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216 | Deck Construction Guide Premium Urban Design © 2018

Deck Anatomy

A. Joist HangersB. FlashingC. Structural BoltsD. JoistE. Double Rim JoistF. Top & Bottom RailsG. DeckingH. BlockingI. Post Base ConnectorJ. Post Beam ConnectorK. BeamL. Rail PostM. Support PostN. Footing & PierO. Stringer HangerP. BalustersQ. Stair StringerR. Rail Top CapS. Hand RailT. Stair TreadsU. Stair Risers

Design LoadsAll decks shall be designed to support a live load of 40 lbs. per square foot and a dead load of 15 lbs. per square foot.

Wood RequirementsUnless noted otherwise in these details, all framing lumber shall be Southern Pine, Grade #2 or better and shall be pressure treated in accordance with Candian Wood-Preservers’Council Standards. All lumber in contact with the ground shall be rated as “ground contact”. Please note that not all treated lumber is rated for ground contact.

Hardware & FastenersAll hardware and fasteners (joist hangers, post anchors, mechanical fasteners, nails, screws, bolts, etc.) shall be galvanized with 1.85 oz/sf of zinc (G-185 Coating)

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Legend

Figure 1


Footings

Footing Layout

C

A

BFigure 2

Footing

Post Base Connector

#4 Rebar

Footing

Footing

Pier

Excavation

Footings must be 12” minimum thick-ness. Frost footings shall be installed below frost line. Check with your local building department for footing depth requirements. All footings shall bear on solid ground.

Concrete

Use a minimum 2,500 PSI concrete mix for frost footing foundations.

Hardware

Concrete anchors and post base con-nectors shall be galvanized with 1.85 oz/sf of zinc (G-185) coating or stain-less steel

Depth

Installing Instructions

1) Call before you dig. Have all utilitiesmarked. 2) After dilling your holes clean themout of any loose soil. 3) Pour 12” of concrete into your holeto form the footing. 4) Bend your rebar 6” into an L shapeand insert into the center of the wet concrete footing. 5) Let cure for 24 hours.6) Use a 12” cardboard tube to formfor the pier centered over the footing. 7) Footing should be poured 2” abovegrade. 8) After your foundations cure 48hours you may begin to install the post base connectors. 9)Post base connector must be in-stalled on the center of the footing.

Footings & Piers

Figure 3

Installing Footing Instructions

Use the 3 measurements on the footing layout plan to lay out the green A-B-C triangle shown above. Use string and ground stakes to pull a string (blue above) 90 degrees from the house. Measure your parallel to the house measurements from the blue string.

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Ledger Board

Ledger Board to House Rim Installation Instructions1) Cut ledger board to proper length.2) Mark the positions of joist hangers and structural screws on the ledger board.3) Measure and mark the house siding for ledger board location.4) Cut the house siding.5) Attach back flashing to house rim.6) Install Z flashing behind the house siding. Overlap seams by 6”.7) Lift ledger board into place. Level the ledger board.8) Install structural screws through the ledger board into the house rim (2) every 12” on center staggered. Screws mustpenetrate beyond rim board a minimum of 1/2”. Install with a low speed 1/2” drill with a 3/8” hex head driver.9) Use silicon caulking to seal the top and sides of the ledger board.

Concrete Foundation Wall AttachmentInstall using 1/2” diameter sleeve anchors with washers. • Install according to manufacturers’ instructions. • 1/2 “ sleeve anchors must be embedded 2-1/2” minimum. • Top of ledger board must be caulked to resistcorrosion and decay.

GeneralAttach the ledger board, which shall be equal to or greater than the joist size, to the existing exterior wall in accordancewith the Ledger Board to House Band Detail. When attachments are made to the existing house rim board, the rim board shall be capable of supporting the new deck. If this cannot be verified or the conditions at the existing house differ from the details herein, then a free-standing deck is required.

Siding & FlashingHouse siding, or the exterior finish system, must be removed prior to the installation of the ledger board. Flashingis required at any ledger board connection to a wall of wood framed construction and shall be composed of copper (at-tached with copper nails), stainless steel, UV resistant plastic, or galvanized steel coated with G-185 coating.

Manufactured Wood JoistsMany new homes constructed with manufactured wood “I” joists include a 1-1/4” manufactured solid rim board that can support the attachment of a deck. “ However, older homes may be constructed with rim boards that are too thin (less than 1”) to support a deck. In such cases a free-standing deck is required or additional interior blocking is needed.

Prohibited Ledger AttachmentsAttachments to the ends of pre-manufactured open web joists, to brick veneers, hollow concrete block walls and house overhangs or bay windows require additional engineering design..

Figure 4 Figure 5

Structural Screw


Ledger Board 2

Framing At Chimney Or Cantilevered Bay Option

Never support deck directly to house cantilevers such as door and window bays or chimneys. Installing a beam across the house cantilever will trans-fer the load to the solid house wall.

Headers may span a maximum of 6’. When a chimney or cantilevered bay is wider than 6’, you must add one or more 6x6 posts and footings to reduce header span to less than 6’. Headers shall be located 3’ or less from the house wall.

Figure 6Trimer

Joist

HeaderBeam

Lateral Load Device Detail

Hold-down device min 750 lbs capacity at 4 locations, evenly distributed along deck & 1 within 2’ of each end of the led-ger. Hold-down devices shall fully engage deck joist per hold-down manufacturer.

A fully threaded 3/8” diameter lag screw predrilled w/ min 3” penetration to center of top plate, studs, or header.

Note: This detail is applicable where floor joists are parallel to deck joists.

Figure 7

Deck JoistFloor Joist

Hold Down Device3/8” Lag Screw


Free Standing Decks

Decks which are free-standing do not utilize the exterior wall of the existing house to support vertical loads; instead an additional beam with posts is provided at or within 2’ of the existing house. The associated deck post footings must be installed on virgin or compacted soil to prevent sinking. Free standing decks greater than 2 feet above grade shall resist lateral loading and horizontal movement by providing diagonal bracing or by attaching the deck to the exterior wall of the house.

Diagonal Bracing

Provide diagonal bracing both parallel and perpendicular to the beam at each post as shown in figure 7. When parallel to the beam, the bracing shall be bolted to the post at one end and beam at the other. When perpendicular to the beam, the bracing shall be bolted to the post at one end and the beam at the other. One 3/8” bolt is typical. When a joist does not align with the bracing location, provide blocking between the next adjacent joists.

Sway Bracing

All decks using horizontal decking should have a diagonal sway brace to prevent racking. Install metal “T Bracing” diago-nally across the top of joists or fasten a diagonal 2x4 below the deck frame. Decks using diagonal decking do not require sway bracing

Free Standing Frame

Figure 7

Sway BracingDiagonal Bracing

Drop Beam


Installing Support Posts

1) Measuring from the installed ledger, layout andmark the center points provided in the footing plan on the top of your concrete piers.2) Use a concrete drill to install a concrete anchorin the center of the pier.3) Attach and tighten the adjustable post base tothe concrete anchor.4) Measure and cut the 6x6 support posts. The topof the support post should align with the bottom of ledger board with a level.5) Notch the 6x6 support posts for drop beam.

Installing Beams

6) Nail together the drop beam. See beam nailingdetail.7) Set the drop beam inside the 6x6 support postnotch. All beam seams must rest over posts.8) Drill through the drop beam and notched postwith a 1/2” drill bit.9) Install 1/2” thrubolts with washers for post beamconnection.10) Nail together the double band framing mem-bers.11) Attach the double band to the ledger board witha double concealed joist hanger.12) Attach the double band to the support postswith post to beam connectors.13) Level and Sqaure the frame with the 3-4-5method.

Installing Joists and Hardware

14) Layout your joists 12” or 16” on center depend-ing on the angle of your flooring.15) Measure and cut each joist to fit between theledger and double band beam.16) Attach joists to the ledger board with joisthangers.17) Attach joists to band beam with joist hangers.18) Attach joists to drop beam with hurricane ties.

Note: Maximum span for 2x10 sounthern yellow pine joists installed at 16” on center is 14’

Basic Framing

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10


Beams

Beam Nailing Pattern

Use 3-10d threaded nails positioned at the top, center and bottom of the beam to secure both ends.Repeat this pattern every 16” on center along the beam alternating between the front and back sides.Splice all beams over support posts.

Post Beam Connection

Beams shall have a minimum 1-1/2” solid bearing on top of support posts. All support posts to be 6x6. The maximun height for the 6x6 post is 10’. Figure 12.

Drop Beam To Joist Connection

Huricane ties should be installed over drop beams on each joist. See figure Figure 10 & 14

Post Beam Connector

Double Concealed Joist Hanger

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 14Figure 13


Multi Level Connections

Figure 15

Fig 16

Fig 17

All deck levels should be self supporting. All beams must bear a minimum of 1-1/2” over a support post.

Multiple Posts Supported By One Footing Pier

Each support post must bear on the footing pier and be connected to a post base with a concrete anchor.

Multiple post footings must be a mini-mum of 24” diameter round.

Support Post Cleats

In green, Install a 2x6 post cleat to the side of your 6x6 support post to pro-vide a minimum 1-1/2” bearing for an-gled beams. Use 2 - 1/2”x 8” through bolts with washers and nuts.

This technique can be used to in-crease the surface area of a support post to provide additional bearing sup-port for a beam. Use a necessary.

Figure 16

Figure 17

16” Diameter Pier6x6 Posts bases

Post Beam Connectors

Support Post Cleat


Typical Staircase

Minimum & Maximum MeasurementsLegend

STAIR TOLERANCESMaximum 4” opening at risers greater than 30” above grade. Minimum stair width is 36”. Maximum rise is 7-3/4”. Minimum recommended rise is 4”. Mini- mum tread depth is 10”. Largest tread width or riser height shall not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8”. Maximum 4” opening at risers greater than 30” above grade.

STAIR STRINGERSAll stringers shall be 2x12 Southern Pine. Stair stringer spacing is 16” O.C. typical for 5/4x6 wood treads. Verify stair stringer spacing for composite stair treads.

STAIRWAY ILLUMINATIONAll exterior stairways shall be illuminated at the top landing to the stairway. Illumination shall be controlled from inside the dwelling or automatically activated.

HEADROOMStairs shall be provided with a minimum of 6’-8” headroom clearance. The clearance shall be measured from the nosing of the treads to the ceiling or soffit directly above that line.

STAIR GUARD RAIL REQUIREMENTSGuards are required on the side(s) of stairs with a total rise of more than 30” above the floor or grade below. Guards on stairs must be not less than 34” high measured from the nosing of the treads. All required guard rails must have interme-diate rails or decorative pattern such that a 4 3/8” diameter sphere will not pass through except that the triangular space formed by the bottom of the guard rail. The stair tread, and stair riser may be such that a 6” diameter sphere will not pass through.Guard rails must be designed to support a 200 lb. load applied in any direction at any point along the top of the guard rail.

A) Grippable Handrail - 34” to 38” above nosing of tread

B) 4” Max sphere opening

C) 6” Max sphere opening

D) Stair Landing - 36” x 36” minumum landing at grade.Flat gound may qualify.

E) Stair tread - Mimimum tread depth is 10”

F) Stair Riser - Max rise is 7-3/4”. Recommended minu-mum rise is 4”

G) 36” minimum stair width

H) 34” - 38” gaurd rail height above stair nosing.

I) Stringer throat minimum 5”.

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Figure 18


Figure 8

Figure 21Figure 20

Staircase Details

Resting On A Concrete Pad

Support Beam Under StaircaseStair Requirements: If the vertical height of the stair-way exceeds 12’, then an intermediate landing shall be required. All intermediate stair landings should be designed and constructed as a free standing deck.

Figure 19: If the total stringer span exceeds 7’, then a support beam with 4x4 posts running down to a 12” footing may be used to reduce the span.

Figure 20: Stair Stringer to Footing Connection Detail.

Figure 21: Stair Stringer to 2x4 Base Plate Connected to Concrete Pad with Anchors Detail.

Figure 19

Resting On Concrete Footing


Stair Stringer Attachment DetailA) 2x12 Stair Stringer

B) 4 - 1/2” Threw bolt to 4x4 rail post.

C) Stair stringer connector hardware. Minimum down-load capacity of 625 lbs.

D) 2 - 2x10 Double band joist.

E) 2 - 2x6 Bottom double plate extends double deck rimto bottom of stair stringer connection.

F) 4x4 interior mounted rail post extends 5.5” belowdouble frame to mount double plate.

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Cascading Stair Detail

A) 2 - 2x6 Bottom double plate extends double deck rim to bottom of stair stringer connection.

B) Footing recommended. Minimum 12” diameter footings under stair corners. Depth is 12” below frost line.

C) Double 2x12 stinger 22.5 degrees off corner attached to deck frame with structural bolts.

D) 2x Base header must be pressure treated rated for ground contact.

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Staircase Details

Figure 22

Figure 23


Stair Handrail Details

GRIPPABLE HANDRAILAll Stairs with 4 more more risers shall have a handrail on at least one side. The top of the handrail shall not be placed less than 34” or more than 38” above the nosing of the treads. The handgrip shall have a smooth surface with no sharp corners. Handrails shall be continuous the full length of the stairs and returned to posts or wall at the ends. The handgrip portion of the handrail shall not be less than 1-1/4” or more than 2-5/8” and shall provide a grippable surface. There are many acceptable styles of handrails that meet the minimum requirements. Consult your local building department.

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A) Handrails shall be graspable and be composed ofdecay resistant and or corrosion resistant material.

B) Minium 1.5” space between handrail and gaurd rail.

C) Hnadrails shall be installed 34” - 38” above nosingof nosing of stairs. Fasten handrails per manufacturer specifications.

Handrail Mounting Detail

Grippable Hand Rail Profiles

Non circular profile.Most commonly used is a 2x2

1-1/4” - 2” 2-1/4” Max.

1-1/4” - 2-3/4”

1-3/

4” M

in.

Min

.M

in.

Min

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3/8”

7/8”

3/4”

Circular profile. Recessed profile.

Figure 24

Figure 25


Guard Rail Detail

Typical Guard Rail Details

A) 4x4 post typical. Do not notchB) 6 foot max rail post spacing.C) 2x6 or 5/4x6 rail capD) 2x2 rail baluster typicalE) 2x4 top & bottom. Attach to gaurd post with 2 3.5”screwsF) Openings shal not allow the passage of a 4” diametersphere.G) Attach balsuters to rails with 2.5” wood screws.H) 36” minimum railing height

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Figure 26

Guard Rail Requirements: All decks greater than 30” above grade are required to have a guard rail. If you are providing a guard rail when one is not required, it should still meet these requirements. All guard rails shall be constructed in strict conformance with the noted details. Any pre-fabricated wood, composite, or metal manufactured rail system must be approved by your local building department.

Attention: Do not notch guard rail posts at deck con-nection. Do not bolt through the top or bottom 1-1/2” of deck joists or beams.

Rail Post Attachment DetailA) (2) 1/2” Diameter thru botls & washersB) Minumim 4x4 railing post..C) Install 2x bolcking on either side of posts. Attachchblocing with 10D galvanized nails.

Figure 27

2” Min.

2” Min.

2.5’ Min. - 5” Max.

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B

C Note: Hold down anchors may be required for rail post attachment. See figure 28.

Figure 28


Simpson ST Hardware

Adjustable Post Base Post Beam Connector Hurricane Tie

Skewed Joist HangersSingle Joist Hanger Double Concealed Joist Hanger

Laterail Load DeviceHold Down Anchor Stair Stringer Connector

Structural Screw Wedge Anchor Thru Bol

deck construction guide · 2) deck anatomy 3) footings 5) ledger board 6) ledger board 2 7) free...

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