Decision Making Day 5 Smoking

Decision MakingSubstance Use & Abuse

More Recent Changes:http://www.cbc.ca/player/News/Canada/Toronto/Audio/ID/2423800653/

Understanding Addictions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxEHdbn16aQ

Substance Use & AbuseA drug is any substance other than food, which is taken to change the way the body or the mind works.Ex. Drugs, alcohol, vitamins, coffee

Drug Use is ingesting, inhaling, absorbing or injecting any drug in order to change the way you think, act or feel, without interfering with ones daily activities

Drug Abuse occurs when the use of a drug, results in a problem in one or more of the following areas; school, work, family, friends

Short Term EffectsLong Term EffectsSlows brain activityStrains liverChanges reaction timeLoss of inhibitionsImpaired coordinationMood swingsLoss of appetiteImpaired memoryMenstrual irregularitiesReduced sexual capacity and long-term impotence in menKidney damageLung problemsBrain damageHeart damageLiver damageGrowth impairmentWhy Use Them Then? This is a safe space so please feel free to share your thoughts.

Drug Use ContinuumNon UseExperimental UseOccasional UseRegular UseDependence UseNever used a particular drug

Has tried a substance once or several times. Use is motivated by curiosity about the drug effect and peer influence

Use is infrequent and irregular, usually confined to special occasions or when opportunities present themselves directly. Availability, accessibility and affordability influence use.

Use has a predictable pattern, which may entail frequent or infrequent use. The user actively seeks to experience the drug effect, or to participate in the drug taking activities of the peer group. Usually s/he feels in control of the drug use.

Use is regular and predictable and usually frequent. The user experiences a physiological and/or psychological need for the drug. S/he feels out of control of use, and will continue to use despite adverse consequences. Drugs are often used alone and daily activities may be planned around drug useDiscussionDo you think some drugs should be legal?Have you ever tried illegal drugs? If so, how has it affected your decision making? Is there such thing as a gateway drug?

Classification of Drugs Type of Drug Effects Examples DepressantsThese drugs slow down the central nervous system. They make people feel relaxed, less tense, and less aware of events around them.Alcohol, Heroin, Inhalants, Sleeping Pills, Ketamine, Prescription Pain KillersStimulantsThese drugs speed up the central nervous system. They help people feel more alert and they increase the users physical energy. Stimulants are taken to make people feel happy and to decrease appetiteTobacco, Cocaine, Crack, Amphetamines, MethamphetamineHallucinogens

These drugs are sometimes called mind-altering or mind-expanding drugs. They can increase a persons awareness of sight, touch, taste, feeling and hearing. Objects may take on different shapes and sizes, sounds may be heard louder or softer. Hallucinogens can also alter a persons mood.Marijuana, Ecstasy, LSD

Other Drugs

Steroids, HerbalWhat is the harm in SMOKING?

Smoking: Tobacco AbuseFYI: Tobacco causes four times as many deaths in Canada each year than motor vehicle collisions, suicides, homicides, and AIDS combined. First-Hand Smoke:The products from the cigarette that the smoker directly receives through inhalation. Cigarettes produce approximately 12 minutes of smoke, yet the smoker might only inhale 30 seconds, the remaining lingers in the air for others to inhale.

Second-Hand Smoke:Inhaled by the smoker AND those around the smoker (smoke burning from a cigarette/ cigar/ pipe; Smoke exhaled by a smoker)Contains more than 4000 cancer causing chemicals

Smoking Contd:Third-Hand Smoke:The tobacco residue (contains the same 4000 cancer causing chemicals as second-hand smoke)Smoke contamination remains on clothing, furniture, and in vehicles, after the cigarette is extinguished and second-hand smoke has cleared from the air.Stats: In 2008,18% of Canadians, 15 years or older, were smokers. More men smoke than women.Smoking rates for youth (15-19) remains steady with 15% smoking in 2008.Source: Canadian Cancer Society

AsapSCIENCE Videos:Your Brain on Marijuana: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeF6rFN9org&list=PLvsCOJJKcWZXqPu5iobjNU3dkwaHYv4iq&index=7

Your Brain on Alcohol:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkpz7xFTWJo&list=PLvsCOJJKcWZXqPu5iobjNU3dkwaHYv4iq Commonly Heard of DrugsName of Drug Description of Drug Street NamesHow Theyre UsedEffects/ DangersAmpheta-minesAmphetamines are stimulants that accelerate functions in the brain and body. They come in pills or tablets. Prescription diet pills also fall into this category of drugs.speed, uppers, dexies, bennies

Amphetamines are swallowed, inhaled, or injected.

Uppers pump up heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure, and they can also cause sweating, shaking, headaches, sleeplessness, and blurred vision. Prolonged use may cause hallucinations and intense paranoiaEcstasyThis is a designer drug created by underground chemists. It comes in powder, tablet, or capsule form. Ecstasy is a popular club drug among teens because it is widely available at raves, dance clubs, and concerts.

XTC, X, Adam, E, Roll

Ecstasy is swallowed or sometimes snorted.

This drug combines a hallucinogenic with a stimulant effect, making all emotions, both negative and positive, much more intense. Users feel a tingly skin sensation and an increased heart rate. Ecstasy can also cause dry mouth, cramps, blurred vision, chills, sweating, and nausea. Many users also experience depression, paranoia, anxiety, and confusion. There is some concern that these effects on the brain and emotion can become permanent with chronic use of ecstasy. Ecstasy also raises the temperature of the body. This increase can sometimes cause organ damage or even death.Type of DrugDescription of Drug

Street NamesHow Theyre UsedEffects/ Dangers

MarijuanaThe most widely used illegal drug. Marijuana resembles green, brown, or gray dried parsley with stems or seeds. A stronger form of marijuana called hashish (hash) looks like brown or black cakes or balls.

pot, weed, blunts, chronic, grass, reefer, herb, ganja

Marijuana is usually smoked rolled inpapers like a cigarette (joints), or in hollowed-out cigars (blunts), pipes (bowls), or water pipes (bongs). Some people mix it into foods or brew it as a tea.Marijuana can affect mood and coordination. Users may experience mood swings that range from stimulated or happy to drowsy or depressed. Symptoms: Elevates heart rate and blood pressure; red eyes; Sleepy or Hungry; Paranoid or Hallucinate. Marijuana is as tough on the lungs as cigarettes steady smokers suffer coughs, wheezing, and frequent colds.GHBGHB, (gamma hydroxybutyrate) is often made in home base-ment labs, usually in the form of a liquid with no odor or colour. Popular at dance clubs and raves. Alternative to Ecstasy for some teens. The number of people brought to emergency departments because of GHB side effects is quickly rising in the United States. And accord-ing to the U.S. Drug Enforce-ment Agency (DEA), since 1995 GHB has killed more users than Ecstasy.Liquid Ecstasy, G, Georgia Home Boy

When in liquid or powder form (mixed in water), GHB is drunk; in tablet form it is swallowed.

GHB is a depressant drug that can cause both euphoric (high) and hallucinogenic effects. The drug has several dangerous side effects, including severe nausea, breathing problems, decreased heart rate, and seizures. GHB has been used for date rape because it is colourless and odourless and easy to slip into drinks. At high doses, users can lose consciousness within minutes. It's also easy to overdose: There is only a small difference between the dose used to get high and the amount that can cause an overdose. Overdosing GHB requires immediate emergency care. Within an hour GHB overdose can cause coma and stop someone's breathing, resulting in death.Name of DrugDescription of DrugStreet NamesHow Theyre UsedEffects/ Dangers Cocaine and CrackCocaine is a white crystalline powder made from the dried leaves of the coca plant. Crack, named for its crackle when heated, is made from cocaine. It looks like white or tan pellets.

coke, snow, blow, nose candy, white, big C

Crack:freebase, rockCocaine is inhaled through the nose or injected. Crack is smoked.

Cocaine is a stimulant that rocks the central nervous system, giving users a quick, intense feeling of power and energy. Snorting highs last between 15 and 30 minutes; smoking highs last between 5 and 10 minutes.

Cocaine also elevates heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and body temperature.

KetamineKetamine hydrochloride is a quick-acting anesthetic that is legally used in both humans (as a sedative for minor surgery) and animals (as a tranquilizer). At high doses, it causes intoxication and hallucinations similar to LSD.

K, Special K, vitamin K, bump, cat Valium

Ketamine usually comes in powder that users snort. Users often do it along with other drugs such as Ecstasy (called kitty flipping) or cocaine or sprinkle it on marijuana blunts.

Users may become delirious, hallucinate, and lose their sense of time and reality. The trip also called K-hole that results from ketamine use lasts up to 2 hours.

At higher doses, ketamine causes movement problems, body numbness, and slowed breathing.

Name of DrugDescription of DrugStreet NamesHow Theyre UsedEffects/ Dangers Methamp-hetamineMethamphetamine is a powerful stimulant.

crank, meth, speed, crystal, chalk, fire, glass, crypto, ice

It can be swallowed, snorted, injected, or smoked.

Euphoric rush Can develop tolerance quickly and will use more meth for longer periods of timeThis results in sleeplessness, paranoia, and hallucinations.Intense delusions (ex. insects crawling under their skin)Prolonged use may result in violent, aggressive behaviour, psychosis, and brain damage.

What about Performance Enhancing Drugs?Why would people choose to take them?Regarded in four classes: androstenedione (andro), creatine, anabolic steroids, and ephedra alkaloidsCreatine: An over-the-counter supplement known for improving performance in sports involving short bursts of high intensity activity or to bulk up. How it works: The bulking up is from your muscles drawing water away from the rest of your body; therefore, you have not increased muscle mass, you have increased the water stored. Side effects include: stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea, and muscle cramps. High doses may be associated with kidney, liver or heart problems. Please note: Side effects for the other 3 classes are even more severe.

Alcohol Binge Drinking Alcohol is a psychoactive drug. It affects your senses, thoughts, emotions and behaviour. In Canada, the most commonly used drug is alcohol.A standard drink contains 13.6 g of alcohol. Standard drinks are: 355 ml (12 ounce) can of 5% beer146 ml (5 ounce) glass of 10% to 12% wine44 ml (1.5 ounce) of 40% hard liquorBinge drinking is a term that refers to the consumption of 4-5 alcoholic drinks.

Alcohol ContdIt can lead to liver, brain and nerve damage as well as alcohol addiction.It is linked to alcohol poisoning, violent and non-violent injuries, and aggression.

It takes about 90 minutes for your body to absorb and eliminate one standard drink. The exact time depends on factors such as:how much you weigh;whether you are male or female;the strength of your drinks;how old you are;your drinking history

Males vs FemalesIf a male and female drink the same amount, the female will be more affected by the alcohol even if they have a similar build and body weight. On average, women weigh less than men and have less water in their bodies, so alcohol is less diluted and has a stronger impact.Developing a tolerance for more alcohol over time is a sign of alcohol dependence.If mixed with alcohol, certain antibiotics can cause nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps.

Blood Alcohol ContentYour blood alcohol content or BAC is the percent of alcohol in your blood. Your BAC increases when your body absorbs alcohol faster than it can eliminate it.If you eat before or while you drink, you will not get as drunk as a person who drinks on an empty stomach. The food causes the alcohol to stay in your stomach longer where it is absorbed more slowly.Caffeine and other substances found in energy drinks wont sober you up because they dont reduce the amount of alcohol in your body or the time it takes you to process it. The only thing that will make you sober is time.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXjANz9r5F0

Alcohol Poisoning

You may be suffering from alcohol poisoning if you:have bluish, cold or clammy skin;vomit without waking up;dont respond when someone pinches you;breathe less than 8 times a minute.If you fall asleep or pass out, your body continues to absorb the alcohol you drank up to that point. When you drink, the alcohol spreads quickly and evenly throughout your body fluids and tissues.

What do YOU do if your friend has too much to drink? What should you do?

Alcohol & InjuryIn Canada, the highest rate of impaired-driving deaths occurs at age 19.In Canada, impaired driving is the most common criminal offence.A Canadian study of snowmobile drinking and driving deaths found that 70% of deaths were a result of either a collision with an object or a snowmobile falling through ice.Passengers who drink on a boat are more likely to fall overboard or drown than sober passengers. This is true even if the operator has not been drinking and the boat is not moving.

Host Liability

Your Party, Your Problem When you host a party, you want it to be a good time; however, when alcohol is involved, good times can sometimes go too far - the actions of an intoxicated guest can lead to death or injury. You can be held responsible, whether you're a private citizen, an employer, or the owner of a commercial establishment. You can be sued - and sued big - even if you didn't actually serve a drop of liquor.What You Can Do

Plan Your Party Plan to provide food throughout the party. A guest who has been eating may not become as intoxicated; Do not make drinking the focus of the party;Do not combine alcohol and dangerous activities, such as boating, swimming, skiing and snowmobiling; Smaller parties are easier to manage. Large parties and open houses require more planning and supervision; Arrange transportation ahead of time for those who will be drinking; Check the physical condition of the premises for hazards that could endanger the safety of your guest; Serve alcohol sensibly

In The End Make smart choices be responsible! Always be with someone you trustHave a person you know you can call if you get in a tough spot (parent, older sibling, etc.) Never drive under ANY influence Never mix or trust a stranger Make up YOUR OWN mind - be a leader!

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