de ondergang van fortis (thierry debels) - integraal

7/31/2019 De ondergang van Fortis (Thierry Debels) - integraal

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Copuìlù / Ap}lb`}} MobudmuDbux`qv`b / Dg}u`qedg

ucl`qq| eà`k}

E` obe`qhdbhzdb Joqul}

B`mqokohl` zdb ``b A`khl}mc'

Bè`qkdbe} `sv`qlg`bu


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Ucl`qq| Eà`k} / Copuìlù / A|}lb`}} Mobudmu 166

oqhdbl}mc oj eooq oz`qbdg`}" ]upel`} uob`b ddb edu aèqln'

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eqlnz`b el` eooq oz`qbdg`} hqo`l`b"

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u`lu zdb Joqul} z`qhqoou `b cù e`}lbu`hqdul`vqom`} z`q}u`qiu"

Gl}}mcl`b hlbh cù h`xoob u` }b`k zooq Joqul}" G``q edb cob'

e`qe oz`qbdg`}+ jp}l`} `b nolbu z`bupq`} lb boh h``b ux``

e`m`bbld"

Cù g`qi Joqul} l} djhàqoii`ke" Dk}oj cù koho edu dk ndq`bzooq}v`ke " E` plu}vqddi iogu elu i``q blù zdb `b j`bh }cpl'

}v`mldkl}u` gddq zdb `b moggpblmdulàpq`dp" Cù vqoak``g

zdb Joqul} l} edu cù boolu `mcu ``b }u`qi g`qi l} h`x``}u+

z`qu ku @qli ]d`k`b} zdb Aqdbe Cog` lb E` Ulne" Cù koho ~`l

dk dkk`}" Uo`b cù obuxlii`ke x`qe+ xd} `q dk hqou` iqlulì ov

cù j`lu edu `ki` ``bc`le `qlb obuaqdi+ `b edu xd} ooi vq`ml`}

cù vqoak``g zdb e` adbi" ]d`k`b} z`qxln}u bddq e` z`q}mclk'k`b lb aèqlnj}mpkuppq up}}`b e` adbil`q} zdb e`d}ki`b e`

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`b e` Joqulogd} zdb e` uov+ boolu `mcu z`q}goku`b"

Adpeoplb Vqou+ mò zdb abv Vdqlad}+ klù lb oiuoa`q 1663

bd e` npqlel}mc ddbh`zomcu`b oz`qbdg` zdb Joqul} Adbi A`k'

hl xù`b edu cù g`qi Joqul} a`cope`b ~op aklnz`b" Bd e`

e`qe` obe`qcdbe`klbh gù e` A`khl}mc` q`h`qlbh lb gddqu166


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Joqul} ep}" Cù goh` eple`klni ~lnb edu elu gddq ``b up}}`b'

}udv l} og cù g`qi Joqul} c`k`gddk dj u` }mcdjj`b"

Plu `b q`m`bu` btpu` aln Joqul}'gdi`kddq} ak`ì cpb zooq'i`pq plu u` hddb bddq e` zqo`h`q` g`qibddg dh+ djioqulbh

zooq D}}pqdbm`} Hbqdk`}+ `b zdb e` ooq}vqobi`klni` aèqln'

z`b zdb Joqul}+ ovh`qlmcu lb 4315" U`qph bddq dj?

Zokh`b} E` ]udbeddqe~op Joqul} Adbi lb jàqpdql 166< ooi

cù koho `b e` g`qibddg zdb e` H`b`qdk` Adbi ovbl`px lb

cù g`qi`bq`hl}u`q zdb e` A`b`kps càa`b ovh`bog`b zld

``b }voèlb}mcqlnzlbh" E` Joqul} adbi el` ~lmc ~op c`qeov`buou H`b`qdk` Adbi+ edu ~op vd} lqobl` zdb e` h`}mclè`bl} ~lnb"


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cooje}upi 1

E` uovkpl zdb Joqul}

Z`k`b }u`kk`b zdbeddh e` Qdde zdb A`}uppq b cù gdbdh`'g`bu zdb Joqul} z`qdbuxooqe`klni zooq e` obe`qhdbh zdbcù aèqlnj" Plu`qddqe l} el` dbdk|}` blù z`qi``qe" Gddq cù

z`qcddk oz`q Joqul} l} u`h klni mogvk s`q" @q zobe ``b lbu`qdm'ul` vkddu} up}}`b ddbe``kcope`q}+ dbdkl}u`b+ nopqbdkl}u`b+

xddicobe`b+ voklulml b uovkpl" @bi`k Zouqob `b Klvv`b} gù

dkk` ~obe`b L}qdk} a`kde`b+ ~odk} a`hlb 166< hà`pqe`+ l} ``b

z`qi``qe` `b lb x`~`b kopu`q vovpkl}ul}mc` dbdk|}`"

Lb e` v}|mcokohl` a`}uddu cù a`hqlv clbe}lhcu ald}" Eddq'

aln xoqe`b j`lu b oj hà`pqu`bl}}`b plu cù z`qkè`b z`qikddqe

gù i`bbl} el` x` zdbeddh càa`b gddq el` ov cù gog`bu~`kj blù a`}mcliaddq xd}" Cù l} ``b z``k zooqiog`be` jopu"

Ooi lb e` Joqul}'}dhd"

E` i`qb zdb e` iqèlùmql}l}

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e` }pavqlg`} oj qogg`kiqèlù`b e` ooq~ddi zdb e` iqèlù'

mql}l} ~lnb" Edu l} ob~lb" E` i`qb zdb cù vqoak``g xd} b l} e`


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jlbdbmlk` c`jaoog ojk`z`qdh`" ôbe`q cù hoè u` a`}`jj`b

càa`b glkno`b`b hoèg`b`be` vdqulmpkl`q` }vddqe`q} `b

a`k`hh`q} g``h`x`qiu ddb cù ovakd~`b zdb `b boqg` ~``v'a`k" Oj dbe`q} h`~`he> ddb cù mq`q`b zdb ``b `boqg` c`j'

aoog"

Lb A`khl `b Bè`qkdbe iq`h`b }vddqe`q} zdb Mluladbi oj

E`pu}mc` Adbi u` coq`b edu ~` cù lbh`k`he` idvluddk zdb }og'

glh` vqoepmu`b blù g``q ~ope`b u`qph~l`b+ bdedu K`cgdb

Aqouc`q} lb e z} jdlkklù xd} h`hddb" E` h`}uqpmupq``qe` bou`}

x`qe`b lb Bè`qkdbe pluh`h`z`b eooq `b eomcu`q zdb e` Dg`'qliddb}` ~di`badbi> K`cgdb Aqouc`q} Uq`d}pq| Mo" N` iob aln'

zooqa``ke ``b eopak` v`qjoqgdbm` bouìov`b" M|bl}mc h`'

bo`h ipb n` zdbeddh ov lbu`qbù boh }u`è} e` a`k`hhlbh}'

jlmc` ~l`b dk} n` e` ~oìu`qg eopak` v`qjoqgdbm` bou` lbuliu"

N` k``}u `q boh }u`è} edu cù idvluddk eooq K`cgdb h`hdqdb'

e``qe xoqeu" @b zooqdk edu n` cù idvluddk kìi`q idb z`qepa'

a`k`b"Bou`} ~lnb `lh`bklni ioqukov`be` oaklhdul`} `b K`cgdb B`'

e`qkdbe c``ju gddq kl`j}u 5066 z`q}mclkk`be` bou`} pluh`zob'

e`b" N` ipbu cù blù ~o hì aè`bi`b oj q l} x`k `b bou`> ov

okl`+ hqddb oj iov`q" H`}uqpmupq``qe xlk ~`hh`b edu `q ``b dj'

h`k`le jlbdbml``k vqoepmu ddb e`~` bou` z`qaobe`b l}"

E` Bè`qkdbe}` mpqduoq el` cù jdlkklù` ao`kun` zdb K`cgdb

a`c``qu+ xl}u blù xdu cln g``gddiu`" @`b e`qh`klni ~ooun` cdecln boh boolu h`~l`b" K`cgdb Bè`qkdbe cde zooq =1 glkndqe

eokkdq }mcpke`b plu}uddb" Eddq u`h`boz`q }uobe lh`b idvluddk

zdb bdpx`klni}+ p h`kooju cù boolu+ 8 glkno`b eokkdq" @`b z`q'

copelbh zdb 4 ov 0666 ep}" @`b k`z`qdhòj c`jaoog gù ``b

xddb~lbblh` vqovoqul`"

Lb ``b lbu`qzl`x gù bqm}phh`q``qe` e` qèdmu`pq edu

cù vpq` xlbecdbe`k xd}" E` mpqduoq l} ``b zooq~lmculh` gdb`b xlk edu xooqe blù lb e` gobe b`g`b" E`~` z`qcopelbh

up}}`b }mcpke`b `b a`~luulbh`b iog n` `lh`bklni boolu u`h`b+

a`x``qu cln a`coè~ddg" E` }vlni`q ov ~b iov"


29/184

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qopu` oz`qbdg`dab Dgqo c`ù gdm" E` dpu`pq zqddhu ~lmc

dj xdu n` obe`q }pa}udbul``k goù z`q}uddb" Cln g`qiu ov edu`q lb e` vqdiulni bdpx`klni} zdb e` mkdp}pk` hàqpli xoqeu

h`gddiu"

Ulne`b} `b h`}vqì lb cù A`khl}mc` vdqk`g`bu a`hlb 166 dab Dgqo }uddu lb e` ùdkdh`"

qa} `b ]dbudbe`q xlkk`b e adbi gddq xdu hqddh+ gddq ~`

iog`b q gù ~b ux``b blù plu" E` oz`qbdg` zdb e Bè`q'kdbe}` adbi l} u` cooh h`hq`v`b+ ~ì`q dk} ~` e` jlkldk`b lb

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zdbx`h` e` u` }gdkk` gdqh`} `b cù adbi`bbùx`qi edu blù

lb cpb }uqdu`hl` vd}u"


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E` Dg`qliddb}` vqlzdu` adbi`q G`qqlkk K|bmc+ el` ``b a`'

kdbhqlni` qok }v``ke` aln `qe`q` jlbdbmlk` oz`qbdg`} zdb a`l'

e` adbi`b+ }u`kk`b Joqul} zooq dk} goh`klni` e`qe` idbeleddu"Joqul} ~op a`}u x`k `b} h`bu`q`}}``qe ipbb`b ~lnb lb cù B`'

e`qkdbe}` e``k zdbdab Dgqo+ xdbu cù aklnju gddq ddbgoe'

e`q`b lb Bè`qkdbe zooq Joqul}" G`qqlkk K|bmc x`ù lbup}}`b

edu ooi e` Aqlu}` Adqmkd|} Adbi+ e` mobmpqq`bu zdb qa}+ h`bu`'

q`}}``qe l} lbdab Dgqo" @`b mob}oqulpg zdb eql` adbi`b ~op

Adqmkd|} h`gdii`klni ipbb`b oz`qqpk`b" A`}kou`b xoqeu edu

Jqè Hooexlb e` edb} gdh k`le`b" Jqè uc` ]cqè+ ~odk} ~lnbx`lblh jkduu`q`be` alnbddg kpleu+ a`ku Gdpqlm` Klvv`b}" Lb E`

zdk zdb dab Dgqo ~`hu Klvv`b} cù ilbe`qklni h`kpiilh ~o>

Xln xlke`b dkulne c``k hqddh lù} g``q gù Bè`qkdbe eo`b

og e` adbi lb Bè`qkdbe u` z`q}u`qi`b" Gddq Bè`qkdbe ak``j

zooq ob} `b gool eqoog" Eddqog iob li Jqè Hooexlb alnbd

ogc`k~`b uo`b cln aln gln ov a`~oì ixdg `b ~lnb vkdbb`b

zooqk`he`" Cù xd} u` gool og xddq u` ~lnb" X` co`je`b dk'k``b edu e``k zdb dab Dgqo u` iov`b edu xln hqddh xlke`b

càa`b+ z`qe`q blù}" E` v`qj`mu` vp~~`k"

Ov 41 dvqlk 1668 obugoù`b Gdpqlm` Klvv`b}+ Jqè Hooe'

xlb `b @glklo Aoulb `kiddq lb cù Jopq ]`d}ob} e`} A`qhp`}

Cou`k ddb cù g``q zdb H`bz`" Zokh`b} lb}le`q} ikliu cù ob'

edbi} e` `boqg` `ho} gù``b `b ~` qdi`b cù }b`k ``b} oz`q

e` oz`qbdg`vqln} zdbdab Dgqo `b e` u` zokh`b }uqdu`hl`" E`H`b`zd Dhq``g`bu oj cù H`bz`'diiooqe l} hàoq`b"

Uomc xoq}u`ku Klvv`b} gù h`g`bhe` h`zo`k`b}" Cln xlk

zooqdk h``b vqlzdu` tplu| }v`k`q} aln e` e`dk" Aoz bel b aùxln'

j`ku cln oj e` oz`qbdg` zooq Joqul} mcu }pmm`}zok idb xoqe`b"

Klvv`b} zqddhu zooq e` g`ùlbh lb H`bz` `svklmlù ddb mò

N`db'Vdpk Zouqob> Hddb x` elu mcu eo`b? Ipbb`b x` elu ddb?

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zqo`h`q` x`qih`z`q" ô xoqeu Zouqob zooq Joqul} e` eqlnz`be`

iqdmcu dmcu`q e` e`dk"


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Gddq `q }v``ku boh lù} g``" Aoulb+ Hooexlb `b Klvv`b}

càa`b z``k h`g``b> ~` ~lnb hèql`b `qh }pmm`}zok h`x``}u

aln cù oz`qb`g`b b lbu`hq`q`b zdb obe`qb`glbh`b" Klvv`b}l} eddqzooq a`koobe gù e` ulu`k hqddj" Jqè Hooexlb x`qe lb

1661 eooq Joqa`}obe`q}mc`le`b dk} hkoadk ap}lb`}}gdb oj

uc` |`dq`b lb 1665 zooq ~lnb z`qel`b}u`b h`qlee`qe eooq e`

Aqlu}` ioblbhlb" Edu }mc`vu ``b adbe" ^` hddb `q ep} zooq" E`

}j``q zdb Uc` aobjlq` oj zdblul`}l} blù z`q x`h"

Vqon`mu Dqqdb> zppq+ ~dbe `b qou}

G`qqlkk K|bmc aq`bhu blù dkk``b e` eql` coojeqok}v`k`q} Joqul}+

qa} `b Adbmo ]dbudbe`q }dg`b lb H`bz`+ e` ~di`badbi xd}

e` jdmuo ooi e` aè`bi`q `b ddb}uppqe`q zdb cù oz`qbdg`'

aoe ov dab Dgqo" Blù e` a`}uppqe`q} zdb Joqul}" Kddu edu

eple`klni ~lnb" E` e`dk x`qe lb `kiddq hèqddle eooq G`qqlkkK|bmc+ ogxlkk` zdb e` x`k `qh kpmqdul`z` moggl}}l`} el` e`

~di`badbi ~op ov}uqlni`b" @`b vqlzdu` adbi`q iqlnhu bdg`klni

``b v`qm`budh` ov e` uoudk` }og zdb e` oz`qbdg`+ `b elu ~op

e` hqoou}u` oz`qbdg` oolu xoqe`b" @lh`bklni l} G`qqlkk K|bmc

ep} e` cooje}mcpkelh` zdb e` obe`qhdbh zdb Joqul}+ dk} q edb

uomc ``b ~obeàoi goù h`zobe`b xoqe`b"

Lb cù zdiulne}mcqlju gù e` uo`vd}}`klni` bddgDmtpl}l'ulob} Gobuck|a`}mcqlnju Dedg Epqmc}kdh e` mqpmldk` qok zdb

G`qqlkk K|bmc" Zokh`b} Epqmc}kdh xd} bl`gdbe glbe`q edb

zooqgdklh uovgdb ]udb OB`lk e` hqou` a`~l`k`q zdb elu vqo'

n`mu> Cln z`qxèe` q kùu`qklni e` adbi ov" G`qqlkk Kpbmc ob'

e`q}mcq``j bdg`klni ~`kj e` 04 glkndqe `pqo jlbdbml`qlbh el`

cù mob}oqulpg boelh cde zooq e` oz`qbdg` zdbdab Dgqo"

Lbel`b e`~` jlbdbml`qlbh blù ~op }kdh`b+ go`}u G`qqlkk K|bmc~`kj ~oqh`b zooq e` hoè` djxlii`klbh zdb e`~` ov`qdul`" Elu

aùì`be` zokh`b} Epqmc}kdh edu G`qqlkk K|bmc ~`kj gùdab

Dgqo ovh`~de ke ~op ~luu b" ô z`q ixdg cù `mcu`q blù" E`


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ddbe``kcope`q} zdb Joqul} i`pqe`b e` idvluddk}z`qcohlbh zooq

e` oz`qbdg` vqoak``gkoo}+ nd ~`kj} xlke `bucop}ld}u+ hoè"

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hoèlbh`b #k`hdk dbe jlbdbmldk j``},albb`b }k``vu`" Zokh`b}

c`g xd} elu oz`qlh`b} blù g``q edb jdlq" E` ~di`badbi ~ùu`

`q ~lnb uovg`b}`b zdb moqvoqdu` jlbdbm`+ moqvoqdu` adbilbh

`b `tplu| mdvludk gdqiù} ov" Ooi zooqgdklh uovgdb ]udb

OB`lk x`qiu` cdqe dmcu`q e` }mc`qg`b g``+ u`qxlnk lb @pqo'

vd Dbeq`d Oqm`k e` eqlnz`be` iqdmcu dmcu`q e`~` cooh}u mog'vk`s` uqdb}dmul` xd}" Oqm`k }mcq``j ov 4: g`l 1668 Hlka`qu Gluu'

k`q+ e`}ulne} jlbdbml``k elq`mu`pq zdb Joqul}+ ``b aql`j gù ``b

ojj`q |op mdbu q`jp}`"

E` oz`qbdg` zdbdab Dgqo x`qe eooq G`qqlkk K|bmc vqo'

n`mu Dqqdb hèoovu+ bddq e` jdzoqlù` xcl}i| zdb mob}oqulpg'

k`le`q Jqè Hooexlb zdb qa}" @b e` eql` mob}oqulpgkè`b

x`qe`b ddbhèple gù ``b moe`bddg> Joqul} xd} Jlq`+ ]dbu'dbe`q ]dbe b qa} Qomi" G`qqlkk K|bmc cde zooq vqon`mu Dq'

qdb x`k ``b cooh}u plu~obe`qklni` zooqxddqe` aèobh`b> e`

~di`badbi xlke` e` `blh`jlbdbml``k dezl}`pq zooq cù mob}oq'

ulpg ~lnb" @`b `boqg` hoi zdb G`qqlkk" Gddq ``b hoi el` z``k

~op ovaq`bh`b lbel`b cln }kddhe`" @lh`bklni l} elu ``b zdb e`

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goù`b lbcpq`b"

Oz`qlh`b} l} cù x`k `qh m|bl}mc edu pluh`qì`be G`qqlkk

K|bmc dk lbe e`m`ga`q 1668 lb `b eooqklmculbh zdb e` @pqo'

v`}` adbi`b}`muoq+ zd}u}u`ku edu Joqul} e` ov ux`` bd }k`mcu}u`

adbi l} ov ``b uouddk zdb 04" Zokh`b} cù obe`q~oì l} zooqdk

cù hàqì ddb `z`bxlmcu up}}`b cù idvluddk lb `bh` ~lb `be` uoudk` dmulzd zdb Joqul} aln~obe`q ~oqhxìi`be"


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Vqon`mu Dqqdb>

u` hqoou+ u` mogvk`s+ u` go`lklni

Ov e` xà}lu` zdb G`qqlkk K|bmc zlbe n` zdbeddh boh dkulne

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}u`ku cù }klg zooq dk}oj cù le`` zdb cù mob}oqulpg ~`kj ixdg>

Uo`b eql` @pqov`}` adbi`b e` plu~obe`qklni` idb} ~dh`b og

cpb dmulzlu`lu`b u` obuxlii`k`b #eooq e` oz`qbdg` zdbdab

Dgqo,+ cde G`qqlkk K|bmc e` goè+ cù lbbozdul`z` z`qbpju

`b e` `sv`qul}` og c`b u` c`kv`b cpb dgalul`} u` q`dkl}`q`b"Zokh`b} G`qqlkk K|bmc hddu cù og ``b q`zokpulobdlq` uqdb}'

dmul`" ]u`qi`q+ gù ``b oz`qbdg`vqln} zdb 466 glkndqe eokkdq

~op cù e` hqoou}u` jlbdbmlk` uqdb}dmul` dkk`q ulne`b xoqe`b

`b zokh`b} G`qqlkk K|bmc ``b zdb e` g``}u mogvk`s` g*d

uqdb}dmul`} oolu"

E` oz`qbdg` zdbdab Dgqo xd} lbe`qedde og elz`q}` jdm'

uoq`b lbh`xlii`ke" Blù dkk``b ogxlkk` zdb e` hlhdbul}mcògzdbh+ gddq ooi ogedu `q eql` vdquln`b og e` udj`k ~du`b"

Ooi e` jlbdbml`qlbh}xln~` xd} mogvk`s b ob~ì`q+ ogedu e`

ogh`zlbh}jdmuoq`b uo`b dk u`h`b ~du`b `b zooqdk eooq e` gd'

bl`q xddqovdab Dgqo bd e` oz`qbdg` ovhè``ke ~op go`'

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48/184

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50/184

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xoqe`b"

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51/184

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52/184

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60/184

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obe`q k`lelbh zdb @g`qlm Mcdkkl`q" E` meo'dmulzlu`lu aln Joqul}

xd} uo`b hoè zooq gddq kl j}u 46 glkndqe"

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gog`bu edu Joqul} dk zlqup``k jdlkklù xd}"

@`b jqdmudk` a`bde`qlbh

zdb e` jlbdbmlk` gdqiu`b

@`b goh`klni` z`qikdqlbh zooq e`~` obxù`bec`le zdb }og'

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q`be h`}mc`qge gù a`hqlvv`b ~odk} e` zokdulklu`lu zdb ddb'

e`k`b+zdq+ cù Mdvludk D}}ù Vqlmlbh'goe`k #mdvg, oj cù Akdmi

* ]mcok`}'goe`k zooq ovul`}" Coohk`qddq A`bou Gdbe`kaqou

l} obz`qalee`klni> cù l} dkk`gddk v}`peo'xù`b}mcdv"Cù jpbedg`buzdb e` a`k`hhlbh}k``q l} zokh`b} c`g z`q'

i``qe" Obe`q~oì`q} x`qi`b bdg`klni gù lbjoqgdul` el` blù

moqq`mu h`bu`qvqù``qe xoqeu" Vqlùvqddu zdb ``b vqoj`}}oq


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lb ``b lzoq`b uoq`b? Blù c`k`gddk" Gdbe`kaqou l} ``b Jqdb}'

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Lb e` a`k`hhlbh}k``q xoqeu h`x`qiu gù ``b ikoizoqglh`

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a`pq} cù zddi}u zooqiog`b" Qobe cù glee`b zdb e` mpqz`

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qùpqb} zdb bi`k` ul`be`b zdb `b v`qm`bu ~lnb cù jq`tp`bu}u"

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el` mpqz`"

Zooq Gdbe`kaqou l} el` z`qe`klbh zooq e` qùpqb} ov e` jl'

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63/184

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jlbdbmlk` `mobogl` `b e` a`k`hhlbh}x`q`ke x`k" Cù `qh` l}

aoz`bel`b edu e` g``}u obe`q~oì`q} hoè xù b edu cpb

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edu cù gdii`klni l}"

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u`b gddq dk u` hoè edu e` z`qkl`~`b z``k coh`q ipbb`b ovko'

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cope`be ovh`}u`ke u`b ddb~l`b zdb qogg`kiqèlù`b" Cù ~lnb

edb ooi e`~` adbi`b ~odk} Qdaoadbi oj Zdb Kdb}mcou Adb'

il`q} lb Bè`qkdbe `b Dqh`bud lb A`khl el` e` }uoqg cù a`}u

eooq}uddb càa`b"

40 16 10 =6 =0

4

0

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64/184

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Blù e` adbil`q}

gddq e` goe`kk`b ~du`b jopu

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k`b og cù ql}lmo zdb mogvk`s` jlbdbmlk` vqoepmu`b lb u`

}mcduu`b" Edu xd} ooi e` aooe}mcdv zdb e` adbil`q} el` x`q'

e`b pluh`boelhe lb e` Ux`è` Idg`q zdb Bè`qkdbe" A`qu

C``g}i`qi zdb e` Qdaoadbi+ Glmc`k Ulkgdbu zdb lbh `b cpb

mokk`hd} ixdg`b q ov 1: boz`ga`q 1663 e` iqèlùmql}l} uo`'

klmcu`b"Zooqdk e` dbdk|}` zdb e` Qdao'adbil`q xd} lbu`q`}}dbu"

C``g}i`qi z`quqopxe` cù a`hlb zoqlh nddq #1668, uomc blù

edu e` adbi bdpx`klni} ql}lmo kl`v" E` ql}lmo}mcduulbh ak`ì

aln bde`q obe`q~oì hàd}``qe ov h`h`z`b} plu ``b a`v`qiu

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h`b+ k`~`b x` lb bqmCdbe`k}akde" ^`kj} bd moqq`mul` zdb cù

goe`k xdq`b zokh`b} e` Qdao'uovgdb e` h`}mcduu` ql}lmo} bohu` ik`lb" Ooi Qdaoadbi hàqpliu` ep} goe`kk`b el` u` x`lblh

oj ~`kj} h``b qì`blbh cl`ke`b gù `suq`g` a`x`hlbh`b"

Ulne`b} cooq~luulbh`b b lbu`qzl`x} xoqeu bp ooi x`k iql'

ulì ov Ad}`k ll h`k`z`qe" Obe`q Ad}`k l hoke edu zooq `ki` k`'

blbh 3 ddb hdqdbul`z`qgoh`b ov e` adkdb} go`}u }uddb" ]lbe}

Ad}`k ll idb elu g``q oj glbe`q ~lnb+ djcdbi`klni zdb cù ql}l'

mo ov e` k`blbh"Dkk``b goh`b e` adbi`b edu ql}lmo ~`kj a`vdk`b ov ad}l}

zdb lbu`qb` xddqe`qlbh}goe`kk`b el` cù ql}lmo x`h`b" Zok'

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k` jopu" Lb cù gdhd~lb` zdb cù Ulba`qh`b Lb}uluppu }mcqlnju

cln edu Ad}`k ll ov lbelzlep`k` adbi`b jomp}u" E` }|}u``gdjcdb'

i`klnic`le xoqeu h`b`h``qe" Iq`g`q vk`lu zooq `b oghì``q'

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E` }}`bul` zdb cù uo`~lmcu}z`qcddk l} ep} edu cù x`lblh

~lb c``ju og e` uo`~lmcucope`q} u` z`q}u`qi`b+ ~odk} z`k` vokl'


65/184

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ulml bp qo`v`b" Lbu`h`be``k+ e` goe`kk`b el` e` adbi`b `b e`

uo`~lmcucope`q} hàqpli`b+ goù`b xoqe`b ddbh`vdiu" okdbh

dkk` vdquln`b aklnz`b x`qi`b gù e` z`qi``qe` goe`kk`b ``bboqgddkz`qe`klbh lb vkddu} zdb ``b z`qe`klbh gù zùu` }uddq'

u`b ~dk cù uo`~lmcu oba`cooqklni `b obe`qgddu} aklnz`b"

Xdu ~lnb e` qdulbh} zdb

iqèlùaòoqe`kddq} xddqe?

Iqèlùdh`bu}mcdvv`b ~odk} Gooe|}+ Jlumc `b ]udbedqe *

Vooq}+ ooi x`k e` a`be` zdb eql` h`bo`ge+ xddqe`q`b jlbdb'

mlk` lb}uqpg`bu`b" Plu cù z`qkè`b xù b x` edu e`~` xddqe`'

qlbh }k`mcu} ``b ~``q a`v`qiu` xddqe` c``ju" Aoz`bel`b cà'

a`b ~` cù }v`k qh }g`qlh h`}v``ke" Dk lb npkl 1668+ ep} lb cù

vqlkk` a`hlb zdb e` iqèlùmql}l}+ aklniu plu ``b obe`q~oì zdb

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j`k`b e` ql}lmo} x`h+ iovu Cù Jlbdbml``k` Edhakdeov ad}l}

zdb cù z`q}kdh zdb edu apq`dp" N` ~pku boqg` z`qkl`~`b ~l`b

aln adbi`b+ z`q~ì`qddq} `b v`b}lo`bjobe}`b+ z`qiobelhu

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E`}obedbi} xoqeu cù ooqe``k zdb e`~` lbu`qbdulobdk` iq`'

elùaòoqe`kddq} hàqpliu og cù ql}lmo zdb k`blbh`b lb u`}mcduu`b" Edu c``ju h`zokh`b ov e` co`z``kc`le i`qbidvluddk

el` adbi`b albb`b Ad}`k ll goù`b ddbcope`b ~odk} x` cl`q'

aoz`b }mcq`z`b" Lbel`b e` iqèlùaòoqe`kddq} u` ovulgl}ul}mc

~lnb+ cope`b adbi`b u` x`lblh idvluddk ddb"

Blù dkk``b adbi`b gddq ooi obe`qb`glbh`b ad}`q`b ~lmc

ov el` xddqe`qlbh" @b ooi z``k oaklhdulà`k`hh`q} ilni`b bddq

e` qdulbh og dk edb blù u` a`k`hh`b lb e`~` oj h`b` aèqlnj}'oaklhdul` ojmeo"

Ooi jlbdbmlk` lb}u`kklbh`b ~odk} Joqul} eo`b edu" ln a`k`h'

h`b lgg`q} ooi" ^` hddb `qzdb plu edu ]udbedqe * Vooq} `b


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Gooe|} `b c`ke`q lb~lmcu càa`b lb e` jlbdbmlk` }uqpmuppq

zdb `b aèqlnj b }b`k lb e` hdu b càa`b+ xdbb``q e` jlbdb'

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glb}u` z`qgoè`b zdb xdu ~lmc dmcu`q e` }mc`qg`b zdb ``b

aèqlnj dj}v``ku" ^` cokk`b bù dk} vdqulmpkl`q` a`k`hh`q} zddi

dmcu`q e` adk ddb" Zooqa``ke`b u` oz q> @bqob+ XoqkeMog+ U|mo+

Vdqgdkdu+ Dcoke" @`b coh` iqèlùqdulbh l} h``b hdqdbul` og

qp}ulh u` }kdv`b"

Ooi kdbe`b iqlnh`b `b qdulbh" o x`qe Qp}kdbe a`hlb oiuo'a`q 166= a`koobe gù ``b pvhqdelbh" Ojjlml``k x`qe Qp}kdbe

gù ux`` hqde`b z`qcoohe zdb Ad1 uou Add=" Edu aùì`be`

mobmq`ù edu e` Qp}}l}mc` oaklhdul`} zokh`b} Gooe|} h``b qog'

g`koaklhdul`} g``q xdq`b" Qp}kdbe x`qe a`koobe zooq `b z`q'

glbe`qlbh zdb cù voklulì` ql}lmo" Cù q`}pkuddu xd} edu cù

z`q}mclk up}}`b Qp}}l}mc b Dg`qliddb} vdvl`q lb b edh gù

z``qulh ad}l}vpbu`b ~diu`" Ooi e` Qp}}l}mc` ddbe`k`b }u`h`beddqeooq joq}" Cù l} edb ooi m|bl}mc edu bdpx`klni} ``b

gddbe kdu`q e` mò zdb \pio} lb e` m`k zkooh+ e` ddbe`k`b'

io`q}`b jklbi` ikdvv`b iq`h`b b e`}vq`deovbl`px e` coohu`

lbzkooh" Zdb ``b }k`mcu` ulglbh h`}vqoi`b"

Ooi ulne`b} e` iqèlùmql}l} adiu`b e` iqèlùdh`bu}mcdv'

v`b cù aqplb" Zokh`b} Gooe|} xd} `lbe g`l 1663 e` qdulbh

zdb LN}kdbe cù glb}u h`zo klh zooq adqq` mobogl}mc` ulne`b"Cù kdbe a`}mcliu lgg`q} oz`q qplg` apehùudlq` q`}`qz`} zooq

booeh`zdkk`b" Cù `q}u` kdbe edu eooq e` iqèlùmql}l} jdlkklù

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Idpvuclbh Adbi ipbb`b `qoz`q g``}vqì`b"

@lbe g`l 1663 x`qe zooqh`}u`ke edu e` iqèlùaòoqe`kddq}

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Gooe|} zlbeu Joqul} jlbdbml``k }u`qi

A`hlb 1663 vpaklm``qe` Gooe|} ``b a`goèlh`be qdvvoquoz`q e` A`khl}mc` adbi}`muoq lb cù dkh`g``b `b Joqul} lb cù

aln~obe`q" Zokh`b} cù qdvvoqu }uddu e` A`khl}mc` adbi}`muoq

gù ov iov Joqul}+ E`sld b iam jlbdbml``k }u`qi" E` xlb}uh`'

z`bec le b``gu aoz`bel b nddq bd nddq uo " Cù blh` glbvpbu'

n` edu Gooe|} ddb}ulvu l} cù u`z``k ddb adbiidbuoq`b" Pluh`'

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4


68/184

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X`ì5656565656 zdb 16631663166316631663> ``b vqoak``g

zooq cù dslogd zdb e` `jjlmlbu` gdqiu b

@`b ik`lb` }vqobh lb e` ulne bddq `lbe }`vu`ga`q 1663" X`ì

56 l} e` x`ì bd cù a`qpmcu` ``q}u` qdgvx`ì`be xddqlb e`

A`b`kps'oz`qcè`b booehèxobh`b `b vdqulmlvdul` zdb 5

Lb zqln` zdk" Joqul}> '1=+84"

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vkoe``qu+ xoqeu q cdqu}hqobelh h`zkoìu" E` Bè`qkdbe`q} a`'

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edu ``b eqd}ul}mc`q booevkdb bob okù boelh l}" X` iog`b

`q }uqdi} ov u`qph"

E` gèld }u`kk`b e` u`q`mcu` zqddh xddqog e` majd e`

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majdxlke` eooq ``b }mcoq}lbh zooqdj h``b okl` ov cù zppq

hool`b"

Zokh`b} lb}le`q} c``ju e` majdx`k e`h`klni ``b }mcoq}lbh

oz`qxoh`b" U`q`mcu" G`b cde cù ddbe``k Joqul} blù dkk``b

el` gddbedh goù`b }mcoq}`b gddq e` c`k` x`ì56" @b lh`b'

klni ooi dk ov zqlnedh1:

}`vu`ga`q+ uo`b hqou` }v`k`q} boqg`vdiiùu`b Joqul} ov e` gdqiu epgvu`b" @b xddqog? ]lbe}

gddbedh 1< }`vu`ga`q obe`qcdbe`ke` e` A`khl}mc` q`h`qlbh

gù e` Bè`qkdbe}` q`h`qlbh" @q xd} ep} lbjoqgdul` ddbx`'


69/184

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U`qxlnk e` majdlb e` x`ì56 h``b qè`b ~dh og cù Joqul}'

ddbe``k u` }mcoq}`b+ hà`pqe` edu vdqdeosddk h`bo`h x`k lb

x`ì54 `b e` gddbedh 4= oiuoa`q zdb x`ì51"


72/184

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a`bdeqpiu` edu e` a`k`hh`q eooq e` }mcoq}lbh zdb Joqul} e`

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elu e` ovul` xd}+ l} blù lkk`hddk a`~lh+ x`k obzooq~lmculh"

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cù jlbdbmlk` }|}u``g ~l`b obu}uddb+ ~`hu cln lb ``b lbu`q'

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gùbqm

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dk} dmmopbudbu ooi h``b z`qdbuxooqe`klnic`le b`g`b zooq e`

q`}pkudu`b el` `qg`` xoqe`b a`cddke"


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e` }udalklu`lu zdb cù jlbdbmlk` }|}u``g"Joqul} a`~du obe`q g``q ``b dpelu moggluuu``" Cù }uobe

e` Qdde zdb A`}uppq aln lb ~lnb uo`~lmcu}udi`b gù aùqìilbh

uou e` lbu`qb` mobuqok` albb`b Joqul}" Cù dpelu moggluu``

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go`lklni`q u` z`qiqlnh`b ~pkk`b ~lnb"

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c`le cde gù ~lnb dmmopbudbu}" vxm `b ivgh }mcduu`b lb 1663

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e`qvdbe" El` xdq`b lb dphp}up} #1663, dk zooq e` c`kju djh`'

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blù ddb e` oqe`" E` ob~ì`qc`le oz`q e` mcu` xddqe` zdb e`

hljiqèlù`b xd} uo`b z``k u` hqoou"


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q`mu`pq zdb e` Bdulobdk` Adbi `b xoqeu dkh`g``b `qi`be dk}

`sv`qu ov cù zkdi zdb e` jlbdbmlk` gdqiu`b" Vqdù a`x``qu

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oqe` aln ob}"

Vqdù iklbiu bdpx`klni} ux`` edh`b zooq cù ``q}u` zlqup'

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Vqdù blù hoè u` a`}`jj`b co` e` zoqi vq`ml`} lb e` }u``k ~lu"

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npbl 1663, `blh}~lb} klniu u` ~lnb x`hhàe"

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Xddqog ~lnb dbdkl}u`b blù

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Edupg Dezl`} Io`q}eo`k.

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Dgqo+ Joqul} Adbi Bè`qkdbe `b Joqul} Z`q~ì`qlbh`b Bè`q'

kdbe zooq" Boh }u`è} z`qgoè`b e` A`kh`b edu e` Bè`qkdb'

e`q} ~lmc cù cooje aqì`b oz`q e` zqddh co` ~` cpb e`dk go`'u`b djqobe`b+ gddq lb E`b Cddh càa`b ~` dkkdbh dj}mc`le

h`bog`b zdb el` oz`q``biog}u+ }mcqlnju bqm"

Lb e` `mobogl}mc` ooqkoh el` up}}`b Bè`qkdbe `b A`khl

xoèe`+ akì`b e` Bè`qkdbe`q} blù dkk``b cù a`}u zooqa`'

q`le+ gddq ooi }udbezd}ulh`q" Zokh`b} ``b Bè`qkdbe}` aqob

xdq`b e` A`kh`b dk bd zl`q edh`b }uqlne eooeov b xlkk`b ~`

zdb e` Bè`qkdbe`q} dj"@`b `k`g`bu edu `suqd lb cù bde``k zdb A`khl }v``ke`+

xd} edu ooi e` adbi E`sld lb ``b mql}l}}vlqddk u`q`mcuixdg"

E` A`khl}mc` q`h`qlbh Kù`qg` c``ju uo`b l`q`b zooq ~lnb h`ke

hìo~`b b a`}kl}u edu cù kdbe h``b ux`` hqoouadbi`b u`h`kln'

i`qulne iob qèe`b" ` ioo} plueqpii`klni cù idgv zdb E`sld"

^` cde eddq hoè` `b glbe`q hoè` qè`b`b zooq" E`sld+ cù

zqo`h`q` H`g``bu iqèlù+ l} lb A`khl gdqiuk`le`q lb e` jlbdb'ml`qlbh zdb h`g``bu`b b koidk` oz`qcè`b b l} }u`zlh z`qdb'

i`qe lb cù Dkh`g``b Mcql}u`klni X`qib`g`q}z`qaobe #dmx,"

Ddbe``kcope`q} ~lnb obe`q g``q e` eql` A khl}mc` H`x`}u`b


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#0+8,+ e` A`khl}mc` j`e`qdk` }uddu #0+8,+ e` H`g``bu`klni` Cok'

elbh #45+46,+ @ucld} #0, b e` Dqmo'hqo`v #4=+


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z`mcu b" @b lb a`qo`v boh h klni iq`h`b ooi" E` ddbe``kcop'

e`q} x`qe cù q`mcu h`hpbe og oz`q e` z`qioov u` }u`gg`b"

Cù ~op ``b kdbh`+ `goulob`k` klne`b}x`h xoqe`b+ zooq dkk`vdquln`b"

Uomc cde cù c`k`gddk dbe`q} ipbb`b kov`b `b a`}uobe

e` idb} edu Joqul} cde oz`qk``je+ dk} ~ox`k A`khl+ Kps`gapqh

dk} Bè`qkdbe Joqul} dk} h`c``k cdee`b h`}u`pbe lb vkddu} zdb

edu ki kdbe ~lnb jlklddk bddq ~lmc uoùqoi b e` adbi ep} plu

`kiddq }mc`pqe`" Glbl}u`q Ao} xoqeu zooqdk z`qxù`b edu eba

dgv`q h`ke lb Joqul} Bè`qkdbe vogvu`+ u`qxlnk Joqul} A`khl06 glknd

de ondergang van fortis (thierry debels) - integraal

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