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Introduction to DB2

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DB2 is an abbreviation for IBM DATABASE2

DB2 is a subsystem of the z/OS OperatingSystem

It is a database management system(DBRM)

It is a system that allows any number ofz/OS users to access any number of relational

databases by means of the well-knownrelational lan ua e SQL

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W h a t is D a ta a n dIn fo rm a tio n

Information is nothing but refined data andis the backbone of an organization.

Consists of Data

Images

Documents

Even voice

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What is Relation?

Relation is just a mathematical term fora table.

Relational systems are based on what iscalled the relational model of data

The principles of the relational modelintroduced by Dr. E F Codd IBMresearcher.

All the RDBMS follows CODD's RELATIONAL RULES

12 rules

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Terms we use in DB2

Table , Record , Row , Field ,Column and Primary Key

We use the terms Record andRow interchangeably

and the terms Field and Columnlikewise

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H IE R A R C H IC A L

To p d o w n stru ctu re re sem b lin g a n-u p sid e d o w n tre e

Pa re n t ch ild re la tio n sh ip First lo g ica ld a ta b a se m o d e l

A va ila b le o n m o st o f th e M a in fra m e

com puters E xam ple IM S

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N E T W O R K

D oe s n ot d istin g u ish b e tw e en p aren t a n d.ch ild A n y re cord typ e can b e a sso cia te d

w ith a n y n u m b e r o f a rb itra ry re co rd typ e s -E xa m p le ID M S

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Primary Key

Key which uniquely identifies each row in thetable

Candidate key

Set of attributes which uniquely identify the row

Alternate key

Remaining candidate key that were not chosen asprimary key

Foreign key

An attribute of one table can be the primary keyof another table

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S T R U C T U R E D Q U E R Y LA N G U A G E

In tro d u ctio n

C h a ra cte ristics a n d C o m p o n e n ts

Types

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In tro d u ctio n

,C o n sists o f se t o f fa cilitie s fo r d e fin in g

a cce ssin g a n d m a n a g in g re la tio n a l

.d a ta b a ses ,S Q L ca n b e in vo ke d e ith e r in te ra ctive ly o r

b y e m b e d d in g th e m in a p p lica tio n

.program s

V e ry flexib le

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A d v a n ta g e s o f S Q L

Pro vid e s g re a te r d e g re e o f a b stra ctio n

.th a n p ro ced u ra lla n g u a g e s

-E n a b le s e n d u sers to d e a lw ith m u ltip le.n u m b e r o f d a ta b a se s at th e sa m e tim e

S p e cifie s w h a t is re q u ire d a n d n o t h o w it

.sh ou ld b e d on e

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U se s o f S Q L

Q u e ry

D efin itio n o f d a ta stru ctu re s

C o n tro llin g a cce ss to th e d a ta

/D e le te M o d ify o ccu rre n ce s o f th e d a ta .

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SQL (User Application Programming or Intera

View I View II

Virtual

Base Table1

Base Table2

Base Table3

Base Table4

Real

VSAMLDS

VSAMLDS

VSAMLDS

VSAMLDS

Stored

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-DB2 Data Types

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-DB2 Data Types

( )Char n <

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String Data type

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Numeric Data type

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Numeric Data type

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DB2 Components

DDL Data Definition Language

DML Data Manipulation Language

DCL Data Control Language

Retrieval Selects the data from the table

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DDL

Create Create schema objects

Alter Alter Schema objects

.Drop Delete schema objects

.Rename Rename the schema object

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DML

Insert Add new rows into the table

Update Modify values in the existing rows

Delete Removing already existing rows

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DCL

Grant Grant privileges and roles

.Revoke Take away privileges

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DDL

CREATE TABLE

CREATE INDEX

ALTER TABLE CREATE VIEW

,DROP TABLE VIEW AND INDEX

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Create Table

CREATE TABLE (column1 (data type) NULL/NOT NULL

PRIMARY KEY,

column2 (data type), . )

IN DATABASE.TABLESPACE;

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What is NULL?

NULL means that the value of thatfield (column) is unknown.

NOT NULL means guarantee thatevery column (field) contain agenuine value

NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT means thatfield (column) cannot contain nulls(unknown values)

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NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT

DB2 automatically moves thefollowing values

Zero (0) for Numeric Field

Blanks (spaces) for Alphanumeric orAlpha

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In te ra ctin g D B 2 w ith S P U FI

Now we will discuss about how tocommunicate with DB2 with SPUFI

In ISPF panel choose option 8 for DB2 as

follows

How to execute SQL with SPUFI

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How to execute SQL with SPUFIStep 1

Login to TSO region

Step 2

.Select 8 1 option in ISPF main menu

Step 3

Specify the Input dataset and Output Dataset for the SQL Queryand result of the Query

Step 4

Now Give the SQL query for executing

Step 5;;;Type END for execution of the query

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Select option 8 for

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Select option 1 for( )or

.Type 8 1 option directly i

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Type the Input da( )PDS Data Set

(Type the output dataset name PS

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Give the settings as per our requirement then

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Give the queries to be exec

;;;Type END for execution of

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DB2 Queries DEMO

CREATE TABLE

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CREATE TABLESYNTAX:CREATE TABLE (column1 data type NULL/NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, column2 data type, . ) IN DATABASE.TABLESPACE;

Result of CREATE TABLE

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Result of CREATE TABLE

=SQLCODE 0 means Success< ( . .. - , - ,)0 means Error E g 104 181> ( . .. + )0 means Warning E g 100

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INSERT (ing) values into the table

Syntax 1:INSERT INTO Values ( col1_value, col2_Value,)

Use this syntax when you are giving values for all the

fields

Syntax 2:INSERT INTO [(Col3,col5,..) ] Values ( Col3_value, Col5_Value,)

Use this syntax when you want to give value forspecific fields

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SQLCODE = 0 successful Insertion

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SELECT rows from Table

SELECT is the statement that retrieves the recordsfrom the table.

Syntax:

SELECT FROM

{WHERE } - optional

{GROUP BY } - optional

{HAVING } - optional

Complete syntax oOptional clause will be

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SELECT rows from Table

* ;S E LE C T FR O M E M P*H e re re fe rs to a ll th e co lu m n s

= +SQLCODE 100 means end of table or no mor

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Let us now CREATE Table with PrimaryKey

Primary key columnhave unique value and it should be NOT NULL which provides a way

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Result of query is success

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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX

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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX

:S yn ta x< >C R E ATE U N IQ U E IN D EX in d ex n am e

n a m e

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX lt

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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX result

f l

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After UNIQUE INDEX, now let us INSERTvalues

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INSERT Success

L CREATE h bl i h

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Let us CREATE another table withdifferent column attributes

,that value required always it can not be omitted means that if value is not giving it will be assigned as TRAINING WITH DEFAULT NULL means if value is not given NULL will b

- ,NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT means here data type is CHAR so spac

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DEPT1 table created successfully