day 3- introduction to a&p
TRANSCRIPT
1
ESSENTIALS
Unit
Introduction to A&P
ESSENTIALS
OF HUMAN
ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY
The Human Body- An Orientation�Anatomy- study of the structure and
shape of the body and its parts
�Physiology- study of how the body and its parts work or function
Anatomy- Levels of Study�Gross Anatomy
� Large structures
� Easily observable
�Microscopic Anatomy
� Very small structures� Very small structures
� Can only be viewed with a microscope
Levels of Structural Organization
�Chemical level� Atoms and molecules
�Cellular level� Cells are made of molecules
�Tissue level� Tissues are made of similar types of cells� Tissues are made of similar types of cells
Levels of Structural Organization
�Organ level� Organs are different types of tissue
�Organ system level� Different organs make up organ systems
�Organism level� Organ systems make up organisms� Organ systems make up organisms
The Language of Anatomy�Special terminology is used to prevent
misunderstanding
�Exact terms are used for:
� Position
� Direction
� Regions
� Structures
Orientation
�Anatomical position� Erect� Feet shoulder width� Arms at the side� Palms facing forward
Orientation and Directional Terms
�Superior� Toward the head or upper part
of the body
� Inferior� Away from the head or upper
part of the bodypart of the body
�Anterior (ventral)� Toward or at the front of the
body; in front of
�Posterior (dorsal)� Toward or at the backside of
the body; behind
Orientation and Directional Terms
�Medial� Toward or at the midline of
the body; on the inner side of
�Lateral� Away from the midline of � Away from the midline of
the body; on the outer side of
Orientation and Directional Terms
�Proximal� Close to the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
�Distal� Farther from the point of � Farther from the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Directional Terms
�Midsagittal plane� Divides the body into left
and right
�Frontal plane� Divides the body into
anterior and posterioranterior and posterior
�Transverse plane� Divides the body into
superior and inferior
Body Cavities
�Dorsal body cavity� Cranial cavity� Spinal cavity
�Ventral body cavity� Thoracic cavity� Abdominal cavity� Abdominal cavity� Pelvic cavity