day 1 qod: what is the major difference between a builder’s level and a transit level? a transit...

Day 1QOD: What is the major difference between a builder’s level and a transit level?

A transit level can be moved up or down

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurements2. Hand & Power Tools - PP3. Activity – Types of Squares4. Review

SkillsUSA Announcements:1. Membership Deadline – September 12th

Introduction – Hand & Power Tools

Learning Targets

• Students will identify the hand and power tools used by carpenters and describe their uses.

• Students will state the general safety rules for operating all power tools.

• Students will state the general rules for properly maintaining all tools.

• Students will use portable power tool s in a safe and appropriate manner.

Rules and Other Measuring Tools

• Steel Rule– Usually 6 or 12 inches long, but longer sizes are available

• Measuring Tape– Marked with the ½-inch, ¼-inch, 1/8-inch, and 1/16-inch markings

– The concave (or curve) of a tape measure blade is designed to strengthen the blade and makes the tape easier to read when it is placed on a surface that needs to be marked

• Wooden Folding Rule– Usually calibrated in 16ths of an inch.– It is better than a cloth or steel rule at measuring vertical

distances because of it stiffness.

• Laser Measuring Tool– Can be considered a battery-powered, electronic version of a

tape measure.

Rules and Other Measuring Tools

Levels

• Levels – used to determine how level a horizontal surface is and how plumb a vertical surface is.– Spirit Levels• have three vials filled with alcohol to check for level

and plumb.• 2’ & 4’ Level• Torpedo Level

– Laser Level – a single worker can accurately and quickly establish plumb, level or square measurements.

Levels

• The spirit level has three vials filled with alcohol. The position of the air bubble in the vial indicates the degree of level or plumb.

• If the air bubble is centered between the lines on the vial, the surface is level or plumb.

• Keep in mind that the vials are fragile. If you abuse or drop your level, you may damage or dislodge the vials.

Levels

Levels

• Line level– Used to level a long span. The hooks are attached at the center of a stretched

line, which is moved up or down until the bubble is centered.

• Water level– A simple, accurate tool consisting of a length of clear plastic tubing. It works

on the principle that water seeks its own level.

• Builder’s level– A telescope with a spirit level mounted on top. It can be rotated 360 degrees,

but cannot be tilted up and down. It is used to check grades and elevations and to set up level points over long distances.

• Transit level– Commonly called a transit, is similar to the builder’s level. Unlike the builder’s

level, the transit level’s telescope can be moved up and down 45 degrees.

• Laser level– Used to perform all of the tasks that can be performed with a conventional

transit level.

Squares

Squares

• Carpenter's Square– Is the shape of an “L” and used to square up wall studs and sole

plates. – Used mainly to square up sections of work such as wall studs or

sole plates.– It has a 24” blade and a 16” tongue, forming a right (90°) angle.– One side contains tables for calculating the lengths of rafters, as

well useful formulas and other data

• Rafter Angle Square, or Speed Square– Marked with degree gradation for fast and easy layout forming

a right (90°) angle.– Specifically designed for laying out roofs and stairs– It is a combination tool consisting of a try square and framing

square.

Squares

• Try Square– Used mainly for woodworking to check lumber to see if

it is warped or bowed– Check squareness of a cut or adjoining surface– Is a fixed 90° angle used to lay out cutting lines

• Combination Square– Used for making 90 and 45 degree cuts, check level and

plumb surface.– Has a moving head that can be slid along the blade– Can be use as a straightedge, or to mark 45 and 90°

angles.

• Sliding T-Bevel– Adjustable square used to set, test, and transfer angles.

Planes• Planes are used to remove excess wood from

surfaces. • The depth of cut is adjustable on most planes. • Blades must be protected from damage in order to

insure that they make smooth cuts. • The type used to plane long boards is the jointer

plane

Activity:Types & Uses of Squares

Objective: Determine the appropriate use for each type of Square.

Individual Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify the uses of each type of Square. Be prepared to present your work to the class. (p. 3.3 to 3.5)

CLASSIFYING

Tree Map

Review

• Which measuring tool is rigid, so it can be used to measure vertical distances without bending?

• Which type of square is shaped like an “L” and used to square up wall studs and sole plates?

• Which adjustable square can be used to set, test, and transfer angles?

• What is it called when levels are used to determine accuracy of a horizontal surface?

• What is it called when levels are used to determine accuracy of a vertical surface?

Day 2QOD: Which hand plane is generally used to plane long boards?

Jointer Plane

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurements2. Hand & Power Tools - PP3. Activity – Types of Saws4. Review


Clamps

• C-clamp– Used to hold material between the metal jaw of

the frame and the shoe.

• Locking C-clamp– A knob in the handle controls the width and

tension of the jaws, works like locking pliers.

• Spring clamp– Simply squeeze the handles of the clamp and

insert the jaws onto the desired material.

Clamps

• Bar clamp– It has a fixed jaw at one end and a sliding jaw

with a spring locking device that moves along the bar.

• Quick Grip bar clamp– Specifically designed to allow you to squeeze up

to 600 pounds of force with one hand.

• Pipe clamp–Much like a bar clamp, but with a pipe instead of

a bar.

Clamps

• Hand-screw Clamp– Can spread pressure over a wider area than most

clamps and each jaw works independently.

• Web clamp– Uses a band to apply even pressure around a

piece of material.– Commonly used to secure round, oval, and oddly

shaped wood.

• Always discard clamps with bent frames.

Clamps

Clamps

• When clamping wood or other soft material:– You should use pads or thin blocks of wood

between the clamp and the work.– Do not apply excessive pressure to a clamp.– Clamps with bent frames must be discarded.

Saws

• Backsaw– Used for cutting joints, especially miter joints and tenons.

• Compass, or Keyhole, saw– Can fit into tight places.– Used to cut curves quickly in wood, plywood, or wall

board. – Used for rough cutting access holes in sheet material for

piping and electrical.

• Coping saw– U-shaped frame so it can cut at angles. – Used to make curved cuts in moldings.– Used to cut irregular shaped molding and make it fit

together.

Saws

• Drywall saw– It is long and narrow and it is used to cut softer

building material, such as drywall.

• Hacksaw– Used to cut through metal such as nails, bolts and

pipes.– The teeth of a hacksaw blade must face away

from the handle.– Designed to cut on the push stroke and not on the

pull stroke.

Saws

• Handsaw - used for cutting wood– Crosscut Saw• Used to cut across the grain, the direction of the

fibers, of the wood.

– Ripsaw• Used to cut with the grain, parallel to the wood fibers,

of the wood

• Saw Safety and Maintenance:– Brace yourself on the last stroke when sawing so

you are not thrown off balance on the last stroke.– Don’t let the saw teeth come in contact with

stone, concrete, or metal.

Saws

• Kerf Cut– a cut or incision made by a saw in a piece of

wood

Activity:Types & Uses of Saws

Objective: Determine the appropriate use for each type of Saw.

Individual Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify the uses of each type of Saw. Be prepared to present your work to the class.

CLASSIFYING

Tree Map

Review

• What is a Kerf?• When should a worker discard a clamp?• Which clamp is commonly used to secure round,

oval, and oddly shaped wood?• What handsaw is used for rough cutting, such as

cutting access holes for piping and electrical boxes?• Why is it important to brace yourself on the last

stroke with a hand saw?• Which saw is used to cut through metal such as

nails, bolts and pipes?

Day 3QOD: Which clamp is commonly used to secure round, oval, and oddly shaped wood?

Web Clamp

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurements2. Hand & Power Tools – PP3. Activity – Types of Saws4. Review


Power Tools• Power tools have replaced many hand tools

for cutting and drilling, as well as for the application of fasteners.

• Before you are permitted to operate a power tool, you must demonstrate that you are able to operate it safely.

• One overriding precaution is to disconnect the tool from its power source before changing accessories or performing any service on the tool.

Circular Saw

Circular Saw• The circular saw is one of the carpenter's

primary tools. – Used to make rip cuts, cross cuts, plunge cuts,

bevel cuts, and miter cuts. – Often used to make pocket cuts– The lower blade guard retracts as the saw cuts

into the work piece. Do not handle this guard while the saw is operating.

– Circular saws require frequent blade changes, either to replace worn-out blades or to change the blade for a different application.

Table Saw

Table Saw• Table saws are used to make many of the same

cuts as a circular saw. • In addition, it is used for rabbet and dado cuts.• The blade can be tilted for making bevel cuts. • A kerf spreader keeps the work piece from

binding the blade. • Anti-kickback pawls grab the work piece to keep

it from flying backwards if the bade binds.• Carefully study the table saw safety precautions

in the text. Be sure to use a push stick for stock that is less than 4" wide.

Power Miter Saw

Power Miter Saw• The power miter saw and compound miter

saw can be used to make straight or mitered cuts.

• The saw pivots and locks in position to make cuts from 0 to 45 degrees.

• The difference between the compound miter saw and the power miter saw is that the compound miter saw can make combined miter and bevel cuts (compound cuts).

Sawbuck

Sawbuck• A frame and trim saw, also called a sawbuck,

combines the functions of a radial arm saw and a compound miter saw.

• This saw can cut wider stock than the miter saw, and is ideal for cutting crown molding.

• Commonly used to cut wide molding.

Abrasive Saws

Abrasive Saws• Abrasive saws, such as the demolition saw,

can cut through metal or masonry. • These saws are available as electric-or gas-

powered models. • Safety is a huge issue with these saws. Gas-

powered demolition saws must be used where there is adequate ventilation.

• The chop saw can be used to cut pipe, channel, conduit, and other light-gauge materials.

Blades

Blades• The type of blade to be used in a power saw

depends on the type of cut and the material to be cut.

• Rip cutting, for example, requires a much different blade than cross cutting.

• Plywood requires a blade with small, scissor-like teeth.

• The smoothness of the cut is determined by the number and sharpness of the teeth.

Drill Press

Drill Press• A drill press is a versatile tool that can be

used for drilling, countersinking, sanding, and mortising.

• Different operating speeds are used for different purposes. A chart is usually mounted on the drill press to provide this information.

• Because of its high-speed operation, the drill press can be hazardous.

Activity:Types of Power Saws

Objective: List important facts about the different types of power saws.

Individual Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify facts about different types of power saws. Be prepared to present your work to the class. (pp.3.10-3.15)

CLASSIFYING

Tree Map

Table SawSawbuckCircular Power Miter Abrasive Cutoff

Types of Power Saws

Review

• What is kick-back?• Which saw is used for rip cuts, cross cuts, plunge

cuts?• Which saw is used for pocket cuts?• Which saw is used for rabbit and dado cuts?• Which saw is used to make miter and bevel cuts, or

compound?• Which part of a portable circular saw is retractable?• When using a table saw when is it appropriate to

use a push stick?

Review

• Which saw is generally used to cut wide molding?• Which saw is used to cut through metal or masonry?• Which tool is used for drilling, countersinking,

sanding, and mortising.• What is determined by the number and sharpness of

the teeth on a blade?• What is a circular saw blade with small, scissor-like

teeth designed for cutting?

Day 4QOD: Which type of task is commonly done with a power stapler but not with a power nail gun?

Installing ceiling tile

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurements2. Hand & Power Tools - PP3. Activity – Power Tool Injuries4. Activity – Pneumatic Nail Gun5. Review


Router• A power router is used to cut joints and

patterns into wood. It is a versatile tool that can be used to make a variety of cuts.

• Main function is to cut patterns in wood.

Laminate Trimmer• A laminate trimmer is a special type of router

designed to trim and shape the edges of plastic laminate materials such as countertops.

• Laminate trimmers are high speed tools with sharp blades. Study the safety precautions in the text.

Portable Power Plane• A portable power plane is used to fit frame

and trim members. • The power plane is also used to plane door

edges. A door jack should be used in such cases.

Power Sheers• Power shears are used to cut sheet metal,

metal studs, lightweight materials, and metal strips.

• Power shears can be used to cut on a straight line, as well as curves and openings.

Pneumatic Nail Gun

Pneumatic Nail Gun• Pneumatic nail guns are used to attach wallboard,

moldings, framing members, flooring, sheathing, and shingles.

• Staplers are used to attach some of the same materials, as well as insulation, paneling, and ceiling tiles.

• Some fasteners come in strips or coils and are loaded into a magazine.

• Cordless nail guns and staplers use a tiny engine that is powered by a fuel cell and a rechargeable battery.

• Because they shoot sharp objects, nail guns and staplers are inherently dangerous and must be used with extreme care.

Activity:Types of Pneumatic Guns

Objective: Determine similarities and differences between a Pneumatic nail gun and stapler.

Group Task: Prepare a Double Bubble Map to determine similarities and differences between a Pneumatic nail gun and stapler. Be prepared to present work to the class.

COMPARING & CONTRASTING

Double Bubble Map

Review• Which power tool is used to cut patterns in wood?• Which power tool is used to trim and shape the

edges of plastic laminate materials such as countertops?

• Which power tool is used to fit frame and trim members?

• Which power tool is used to cut sheet metal, metal studs, lightweight materials, and metal strips?

• Which power tool is used attach wallboard, moldings, framing members, flooring, sheathing, and shingles?

• Which power tool is used to attach insulation, paneling, and ceiling tiles?

Day 5QOD: A circular saw blade designed to cut plywood should have what kind

of teeth?Small, scissor-like

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurements2. Hand and Power Tools – Review for Test

Review Questions – p. 3.24Trade Term Quiz – p. 3.25

3. Review


Day 6QOD: What is the main function of a router?

To cut patterns in wood

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurements2. Hand and Power Tools – Review for Test

Review Questions – p. 3.24Trade Term Quiz – p. 3.25

3. Review


Day 7QOD: What are some tasks that are commonly done with pneumatic, or

power, stapler?Installing Insulation, ceiling tile, and paneling

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurements2. Hand and Power Tools – Test3. Review


day 1 qod: what is the major difference between a builder’s level and a transit level? a transit...

Documents