How many parts do you think a flower How many parts do you think a flower has?has?

QOD #16 QOD #16 1/26/20151/26/2015

ANNOUNCEMENTS

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Parts of the Flower PowerpointFlower Dissection

Today…Today…

To understand how plants reproduce, we must To understand how plants reproduce, we must first understand their reproductive organsfirst understand their reproductive organsFlowers are the reproductive organ of the plantFlowers are the reproductive organ of the plantThat’s right! They aren’t just pretty and smell That’s right! They aren’t just pretty and smell good!good!They are diverse in size, shape and color.They are diverse in size, shape and color.They are designed to attract certain animals or They are designed to attract certain animals or take advantage of wind and raintake advantage of wind and rain

Sexual Reproductive Parts in Sexual Reproductive Parts in PlantsPlants

Parts of a FlowerParts of a Flower

You will each be given a flowerYou will each be given a flowerAs we discuss the parts, pull the part off of As we discuss the parts, pull the part off of your floweryour flowerYou will need to draw a picture of the part You will need to draw a picture of the part on the chart you have been given.on the chart you have been given.Next, you will need to write the function of Next, you will need to write the function of that part on the chart. that part on the chart. Questions??Questions??

Flower DissectionFlower Dissection

ReceptacleReceptacle

Swollen portion of the stemSwollen portion of the stem Where flower parts are attached Where flower parts are attached

to stemto stem

What are the parts of a What are the parts of a flower?flower?

Beneath the petals are more leaf-like Beneath the petals are more leaf-like structures, called structures, called sepals, sepals, which are often which are often green. The sepals support the petals and green. The sepals support the petals and protect the flower before it opens. protect the flower before it opens.

When all of the When all of the sepals are sepals are fused together, fused together, we call them a we call them a calyxcalyx..

What are the parts of a What are the parts of a flower?flower?

Flowers also often Flowers also often have parts that are have parts that are neither male nor neither male nor female; these are female; these are the the petalspetals, usually , usually colorful leaf-like colorful leaf-like structures that often structures that often attract animals and attract animals and insects.insects.

What are the parts of a What are the parts of a flower?flower?

The male part of the The male part of the flower is called the flower is called the stamenstamen, which is made , which is made of the stalk-like of the stalk-like filament filament that holds up the sack-that holds up the sack-like like antheranther. .

The anther contains The anther contains pollenpollen, the grain , the grain released by flowers, released by flowers, which contains the which contains the sperm. sperm.

What are the parts of a What are the parts of a flower?flower?

The female part of the The female part of the flower is called the flower is called the pistilpistil. .

It consists of a sticky It consists of a sticky tissue at its end called the tissue at its end called the stigmastigma, which is , which is receptive to pollen. receptive to pollen.

Below the stigma is a Below the stigma is a rodshaped middle part rodshaped middle part called the called the style style and a and a swollen base containing swollen base containing eggs called the eggs called the ovaryovary. .

Perfect vs. Imperfect Perfect vs. Imperfect FlowersFlowers

Where the stamens and Where the stamens and pistils are found in the pistils are found in the same flower it is called same flower it is called perfect perfect , as in most of our , as in most of our garden plants. garden plants.

But when only one sex of But when only one sex of these essential organs is these essential organs is found in the same flower it found in the same flower it is called is called imperfectimperfect. .

A COMPARISON OF MONOCOTS & DICOTSA COMPARISON OF MONOCOTS & DICOTS

Sepals: leaf like structures that fold back as the Sepals: leaf like structures that fold back as the flower opens. Located beneath the petals. flower opens. Located beneath the petals. Collectively they are called the calyx. Form the Collectively they are called the calyx. Form the protective covering of the flower before it opens. protective covering of the flower before it opens. Some sepals have spines or chemicals that protect Some sepals have spines or chemicals that protect the flower bud from insects and other animals.the flower bud from insects and other animals.Petals: Usually brightly colored and serve to attract Petals: Usually brightly colored and serve to attract pollinatorspollinatorsStamen: the male reproductive part of the flower. Stamen: the male reproductive part of the flower. Consists of a filament which supports the anther. Consists of a filament which supports the anther. The anther produces the pollen or male sex cells. The anther produces the pollen or male sex cells. Pistils- female reproductive parts of the flower; Pistils- female reproductive parts of the flower; consists of a stigma which has a sticky surface for consists of a stigma which has a sticky surface for capturing pollen; and a style which is tube-like and capturing pollen; and a style which is tube-like and connects the stigma to the ovary; and an ovary connects the stigma to the ovary; and an ovary which contains the eggs.which contains the eggs.

Flower DissectionFlower Dissection

Complete: a flower that has all four major Complete: a flower that has all four major parts (sepal, petals, stamens, pistils)parts (sepal, petals, stamens, pistils)

– Apple, Lily, PeaApple, Lily, PeaIncomplete: a flower that lacks one or more Incomplete: a flower that lacks one or more of the major partsof the major parts

– squash plants, sweet corn, American holly, and most grasses

Complete vs Complete vs IncompleteIncomplete

Flower InflorescenceFlower Inflorescence

The arrangement of flowers on a stemThe arrangement of flowers on a stem

Pass out agreement forms and record booksPollination and Fertilization PowerpointEat Cheetos Homework is to bring in a seed from home (preferably from something eaten)

Do yo’ job!Do yo’ job!

TOMORROW…TOMORROW…

Name one part of the flower and its Name one part of the flower and its function.function.

QOD #17 QOD #17 1/27/20151/27/2015

ANNOUNCEMENTS

Don’t forget that if you want to retake

your test, you need to do so this morning

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Pass out agreement forms and record booksPollination and Fertilization PowerpointHomework for tomorrow is to bring in a seed from home (preferably from something eaten)

Today…Today…

PollinationPollination

PollinationPollination is the process by which pollen is is the process by which pollen is placed on the stigmaplaced on the stigma

--Self-pollinationSelf-pollination = Pollen from a flower’s = Pollen from a flower’s anther pollinates stigma of the same anther pollinates stigma of the same flowerflower

--Cross-pollinationCross-pollination = Pollen from anther = Pollen from anther of one flower pollinates another flower’s of one flower pollinates another flower’s stigmastigma

--HybridHybrid = offspring resulting from cross = offspring resulting from cross pollinationpollination

PollinationPollination

Several plant structures promote cross pollinationSeveral plant structures promote cross pollination

Separation of male and female structures in Separation of male and female structures in spacespace

--Dioecious- Dioecious- the plant produces only male or femalethe plant produces only male or female

--Monoecious-Monoecious- produces male and female flowers produces male and female flowers on the same planton the same plant

Separation of male and female structures in Separation of male and female structures in timetime

-Even if functional stamens and pistils are both -Even if functional stamens and pistils are both found in the same flower, they may reach found in the same flower, they may reach maturity at different timesmaturity at different times

PollinationPollination

Successful pollination in many angiosperms Successful pollination in many angiosperms depends on regular attraction of depends on regular attraction of pollinatorspollinators

Flowers & animal pollinators have coevolved Flowers & animal pollinators have coevolved resulting in specialized relationshipsresulting in specialized relationships

--Bees Bees are the most are the most common insect pollinatorscommon insect pollinators

Bees are attracted to flowers that have markings that reflect UV light. As bee feeds on nectar, it Bees are attracted to flowers that have markings that reflect UV light. As bee feeds on nectar, it picks up pollen.picks up pollen.

NectarNectar: : a sugary fluid secreted by plants, especially within flowers to encourage pollination by insects and other animals. It is collected by bees to make into honey.

PollinationPollinationBees typically visit yellow or blue Bees typically visit yellow or blue

flowers flowers

-Yellow flowers are marked in -Yellow flowers are marked in distinctive ways that are normally distinctive ways that are normally invisible to usinvisible to us

-Bull’s eye or landing strip-Bull’s eye or landing strip

The petals of some orchids are arranged The petals of some orchids are arranged to look like a female bee. The petals even to look like a female bee. The petals even take the shape of the antennae and take the shape of the antennae and wings of the insect. The flower even wings of the insect. The flower even smells like a female bee. The male bees smells like a female bee. The male bees are fooled enough to try to mate with the are fooled enough to try to mate with the orchid flower. As they do so they transfer orchid flower. As they do so they transfer pollen from one orchid to another. pollen from one orchid to another.

Flowers that attract hummingbirds have nectar located Flowers that attract hummingbirds have nectar located deep in floral tube where only the long, thin beak and deep in floral tube where only the long, thin beak and tongue of that bird can reach. Picks up pollen on beak tongue of that bird can reach. Picks up pollen on beak and feathers while feeding.and feathers while feeding.

Rotting FleshRotting Flesh Many flowers look and smell like Many flowers look and smell like

rotting flesh, attracting a variety rotting flesh, attracting a variety of flies and beetles looking for a of flies and beetles looking for a meal or a place to lay eggs. One meal or a place to lay eggs. One such is devil's claw, a plant in the such is devil's claw, a plant in the milkweed family. The flower's milkweed family. The flower's stench attracts blowflies, which stench attracts blowflies, which lay their eggs on the blossoms lay their eggs on the blossoms and pollinate them as they go and pollinate them as they go from flower to flower. But the from flower to flower. But the maggots that hatch on the maggots that hatch on the flowers die because, unlike real flowers die because, unlike real carrion, the flowers offer no food carrion, the flowers offer no food for them. for them.

FertilizationFertilization

Fertilization occurs when one sperm cell Fertilization occurs when one sperm cell nucleus fuses with an egg cell nucleus nucleus fuses with an egg cell nucleus forming a zygote that will become a forming a zygote that will become a seedseed

https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXT1DZEHsMkv=aXT1DZEHsMk

I will not be hereYou will complete your horticulture fandango for this unit Fruit and Seed Powerpoint

TomorrowTomorrow……

What is the difference between What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?pollination and fertilization?

QOD #18 QOD #18 1/28/20151/28/2015

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Fruit and Seed Powerpoint

Today…Today…

FruitFruit

After pollination and fertilization, the flower petals After pollination and fertilization, the flower petals begin to drop and the ovary and other begin to drop and the ovary and other surrounding parts enlarge and develop into a fruitsurrounding parts enlarge and develop into a fruit

2 Types:2 Types:

Fleshy- soft with seeds enclosedFleshy- soft with seeds enclosed

Blueberry, Peach, Tomato, WatermelonBlueberry, Peach, Tomato, Watermelon

Dry- hard and brittle Dry- hard and brittle

Pea, Sunflower, Acorn, Corn, NutsPea, Sunflower, Acorn, Corn, Nuts

SEEDSSEEDS

1. Seed coat1. Seed coat 2. Stored Food 2. Stored Food 3. Embryo3. Embryo

SEEDSSEEDS

Seed CoatSeed Coat The tissue that surrounds the The tissue that surrounds the

embryo and endospermembryo and endosperm Protects the seed from moisture Protects the seed from moisture

loss, injury, or other unfavorable loss, injury, or other unfavorable conditionsconditions

Stored FoodStored Food Contains sugars, proteins, and fats Contains sugars, proteins, and fats

or oilsor oils Used by the plant in its first stage of Used by the plant in its first stage of

growth and developmentgrowth and development Monocots- endospermMonocots- endosperm Dicots- cotyledonsDicots- cotyledons

Seed EmbryoSeed Embryo The complete miniature plant in a The complete miniature plant in a

resting stageresting stage Has a root, stem, and one or two Has a root, stem, and one or two

cotyledons (seed leaves)cotyledons (seed leaves)

Monocot and DicotMonocot and Dicot

Germination Powerpoint- steps of germinationPlant Seeds in plastic bags Workday in the greenhouse and garden

TomorrowTomorrow……

What are the 3 parts of a seed?What are the 3 parts of a seed?

QOD #19 QOD #19 1/29/20151/29/2015

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Germination Powerpoint- steps of germinationSeeds in plastic bags Workday in the greenhouse and garden

Today…Today…

GerminationGermination A process of events whereby the A process of events whereby the

seed embryo goes from a seed embryo goes from a dormant state to an active dormant state to an active growing stategrowing state

GerminationGerminationNeeded for GerminationNeeded for Germination1. Temperature- winter vs summer 1. Temperature- winter vs summer annualsannuals2. Moisture- sufficient and continual 2. Moisture- sufficient and continual supply of watersupply of water3. Air3. Air4. Light or absence of it4. Light or absence of it

GerminationGermination

ProcessProcess1. Imbibition: Seed absorbs water1. Imbibition: Seed absorbs water2. Radicle (root) emerges 2. Radicle (root) emerges (becomes the primary root)(becomes the primary root)3. Plumule or embryonic shoot 3. Plumule or embryonic shoot (stem) emerges(stem) emerges4. Leaves form and food 4. Leaves form and food production beginsproduction begins

I will not be here tomorrow I will not be here tomorrow Your assignment will be a webquest Your assignment will be a webquest and will cover the material from this and will cover the material from this unit and the last unitunit and the last unitPLEASE make sure you do your jobs!PLEASE make sure you do your jobs!

– Take up papers person will need to take Take up papers person will need to take up QOD’s for the sub on Fridayup QOD’s for the sub on Friday

Please complete your jobs and sign off Please complete your jobs and sign off on the job sheeton the job sheet

TomorrowTomorrow……

What is imbibition?What is imbibition?

QOD #20 QOD #20 1/30/20151/30/2015

ANNOUNCEMENTS

QOD’s are due today

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Sub WorkSub WorkWebquestWebquest

Today…Today…

Review DayReview DayTest on TuesdayTest on Tuesday

MondayMonday……

What is germination?What is germination?

QOD #21 QOD #21 2/2/20152/2/2015

ANNOUNCEMENTS

Make sure you get a new QOD Sheet!

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FFA CalendarFFA CalendarFFA JAcketsFFA JAcketsGA Health SurveyGA Health SurveyPut seeds in plastic bags to germinatePut seeds in plastic bags to germinateReview DayReview DayLight up Ball GameLight up Ball Game

Today…Today…

Test Day!!!Test Day!!!Feel free to take home any materials Feel free to take home any materials that you need to studythat you need to study

TomorrowTomorrow……

What do you need to do to make an A What do you need to do to make an A on your test today?on your test today?

QOD #22 QOD #22 2/3/20152/3/2015

ANNOUNCEMENTS

Make sure you get a new QOD Sheet!

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15 minutes to study15 minutes to studyTake up horticulture fandangoTake up horticulture fandangoTake testTake testGrade and pass out testsGrade and pass out tests

Today…Today…

We will begin discussing propagationWe will begin discussing propagation

TomorrowTomorrow……