dav european security 2009

8/2/2019 DAV European Security 2009

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European Security

Eric Remacle

Professor, Universit libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Institute of European Studies

Visiting Professor, University of Pittsburgh


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1. The European Security Strategy:A Secure Europe in a Better World(Dec. 2003)

Large scale aggression againstany Member state is nowimprobable. Instead Europe facesnew threats which are morediverse, less visible and less

predictable .

*Key threats

Terrorism Proliferation of WMD Regional conflicts

State failure Organised crime

*Addressing the threats

First line of defence often abroad

Need for preventive action

*Building security in ourneighbourhood

Promote ring of well governedcountries around EU

Resolution of Arab-Israeli conflict

is a strategic priority

*International order based oneffective multilateralism

Strengthening the UN

Core element of internationalsystem is transatlantic relations Support to multilateralism: WTO,

Kyoto protocol, ICC

*Promotion or regionalintegration worldwide andestablishment of strategicpartnerships


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2. The European Union andEuropean Security:

A wider agenda for CFSPhttp://www.consilium.europa.eu/cms3_fo/showPage.asp?id=248&lang=EN&mode=g

CFSP statements CFSP calendar European Security Strategy Non-proliferation, disarmament and arms controls Security-related export controls EU Special Representatives Personal Representatives of the SG/HR Third countries and regions

EU human rights policy International humanitarian law United Nations International Criminal Court OSCE and Council of Europe Fight against terrorism

Sanctions Reference (list of all legal documents)


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3. The Start of European Securityand Defence Policy (ESDP)

Established in 2000 (before the defence component of the EU wasdelegated to another organization: the WEU)

ESDP is the crisis management dimension of CFSP; it worksaccording to the same procedures and is managed by the same

institutions

Crisis management is wider than pure military operations: it refersalso to civilian operations (police deployment, demining,support to the rule of law, customs and border control)

ESDP is designed for deploying 60,000 troops and 5,000 civilianpolicemen abroad (today: much less)

Fast deployment is possible for batllegroups created bymember-states (13 battlegroops of 1,500 troops among which 2are permanently deployable)


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EU using NATO assets

(= Berlin plus

mechanism)

-- Op Cdr: either MS or

NATO D-SACEUR

-- OHQ: either MS or

SHAPE

- NATO assets = CJTF

Ex.: EUFOR in BiH

EU alone (no NATO involvement)

-- Op Cdr.: MS

-- OHQ: MS with HQ assets(D/F/IT/UK/GR) or

EU civilian-military cell or

Multinational force (Eurocorps)

Ex.: ARTEMIS, EUFOR-RD Congo

4. Two Patterns for Military Operations
http://www.euforbih.org/


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CONCORDIA ARTEMIS ALTHEA

5. EU Military Operations:

What They Are, What They Are Not No European army, military operations based on national

capabilities

Strategic command and political control: PSC (support of EUMS)

But command structures (headquarters) come either frommember-states (framework-nation) or from NATO

EU has established an embryo of civilian-military cell which couldbe on the long-term the basis for EU headquarters

Most EU troops deployed under national flags (forces in Iraq,bilateral defence agreements between France or UK and theirformer colonies in Africa), UN flags (Cyprus, Lebanon, SierraLeone) or NATO flags (Afghanistan, Kosovo)

ESDP is very reactive, no strategic design (except Balkans)


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6. The Lisbon Treaty

* More coordination/centralization of external policies

A permanent Chairman of the European Council will coordinateexternal representation of the Union

The position of the High Representative is strengthened: becomesVice-President of the Commission for External Relations and chairsthe Foreign Affairs Council

He/She will rely on an European external action service

* Integration by military means

European Defence Agency is working since 2004 Concept of permanent structured co-operation (core group used

for benchmarking in military efforts) Longer list of ESDP missions Solidarity clause

Clause of mutual assistance in case of aggression (opt out forneutral states)


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7. NATOs Strategic Changes* Expansion To borders of former Soviet Union and Black Sea (Baltic States,

Poland, Romania) To Balkans (Albania, Croatia, Macedonia + troops in Kosovo) Question of membership of Ukraine and Georgia Strategic Partnership with Russia Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

Mediterranean Policy Global Partnerships (Australia, NZ, Japan, Korea, Israel) NATO in Afghanistan: a Model or an Exceptional Case ?

* Military Integration and the Role of European Union

Frances reintegration of military structures in 2009 US give-up with the antiballistic missile system; only protection

against tactical missiles organized within NATO The uncertain future of nuclear tactical weapons in NATO Complementarity and competition between ESDP and NATO New threats ? Proliferation of WMD, Terrorism, Organized Crime NATO in the Middle East ? The Gaza Strip Temptation

dav european security 2009

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