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DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS (DBMS)
by
Prof. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc, PhD
e-mail: [email protected]
Performance
Control System
Data InfoProcess
Data Store
N E T W A R E
Database sebagai Komponen Vital Sistem
Informasi
2
Data
ProcessingSales Analysis
Data Information
Data Sales person
Sales Values
Sales Units
Data vs Information
Data: raw facts or observations
Information : data that have been transformed into a meaningful and useful context for specific end users
Sample Business Application
5
Produk Informasi Geografis
Basis Data (Database)
Koleksi terpadu dari data-data yang saling
berkaitan yang dirancang untuk suatu enterprise.
Data
Mhs
Data
Dosen
Data
Mkul
Data
Alumni
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Analisis Kebutuhan Data
(Data Requirement Analyisis)• Think and conceptualize business objects and logic• Identify information needed -> then what data are needed• Formulate what computer applications are needed?
Management
Functions
Management
Objectives
Supporting
Information
Supporting
Data
Sources of
Data
Backward Requirement Analysis
Forward Support Analysis
• Monitoring
• Directing
• Planning
• Acting
• Monitoring Student Progress …
• Directing Student Research …
• Planning for Remedial Efforts .
• Acting on Remedial Plan …
• KRS
• Transkrip
• Supervisi
• Research
List
• Academic Progress
• Treated Students
• Student Potentials
• Academic Problem
• BAAK
• Faculty
• Dept.
• Study
Program
Kasus Contoh: Data Requirement Analysis
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Data Info Monitoring Directing Acting
KRS, Transkrip IPK Kumulatif Status Akademik
Mhs
Warning 1, 2, 3,
rekomendasi
D.O or Extended
Minat riset &
PTA mhs, Data
PTA
Profile minat
riset & PTA
mhs, Beban
PTA
Analisis minat riset
& PTA mhs
Alokasi PTA utk
mhs
Alokasi final PTA
utk mhs
Catatan riset
mhs, Trankrip,
KRS.
Kemajuan riset
mhs
Status Akademik
Mhs
Rekomendasi
perlakuan
Eksekusi
perlakuan
Catatan riset
mhs, Trankrip,
KRS
Profile
kelulusan mhs:
lama studi &
prestasi akad.
Analisis kelulusan:
rerata lama studi,
ranking akademik
Rekomendasi
program
akselerasi studi
Eksekusi
akselerasi studi
Data=
Data1..n
Info=
Info1..n
Management Functions = Monitoring
Directing Acting Mencapai
Target Academic Excellence?
Contoh Kasus: Analisis Kebutuhan Data Mhs
Utilisasi Vs Ketersedian Informasi
• Ada dan Diperlukan
• Tak ada dan Diperlukan
• Ada dan Tak Diperlukan
• Tak Ada dan Tak Diperlukan
AdaTak Ada
Perlu
Tak Perlu
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Data Acquisition &
Information Production
Database Management Systems (DBMS)Koleksi terpadu dari sekumpulan program (utilitas) yang
digunakan untuk mengakses dan merawat database
Database
DBMSUtilitas
Users
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Application Programs on Top of DBMS
Database
DBMS
Application programs
Users
Tim Pengembangan Master Plan
Eksplorasi Database
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Keuntungan DBMS
• Data menjadi shareable resources bagi berbagai user dan aplikasi
• Metoda akses, penggunaan, dan perawatan data menjadi seragam dan konsisten
• Pengulangan (redundancy) data dan kemajemukan struktur data diminimisasikan
• Ketaktergantungan data terhadap program aplikasi (data independence)
• Hubungan/relasi logik (logical relationship) antar data terpelihara secara sistematik.
Conventional Data Management
Application Application
• Data belongs to a certain application programs ; therefore it is
difficult to share data among application programs
• Data lifetime is limited (dependent ) to application program lifetime.
• Data redundancy and inconsistency will likely occur
• Non-uniform access method, data usage and maintenance.
• Incompatibility of data among application programs
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Examples of software tools in DBMS
• Designing : ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram), DDL (Data
Definition Language)
• Inputing & Manipulating: DML (Data Modification
Language), QL (Query Language), Multimedia processor
• Searching & Retrieving: QL (Query Language): SQL * QBE
• Converting & Squeezing: Encoder & Decoder, Data
Converter & Squeezer, Multimedia processor
• Optimizing : Data Organizer & Analyzer
• Calculating: Math & statistical functions
• Presenting: Report Generator, Multimedia Processor
Multiple Systems
ShareableResources
DBMS Approach Enables Resource Sharing Among
Applications and Users
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Data Management Life Cycle
Real World
• Observing• Identifying
• Conceptualizing• Representing
• Structuring
• Coding
• Optimizing• Analyzing• Updating
• Protecting• Monitoring
• Browsing
• Need of changes
Data Modeling: Methods & Tools
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Copyright © 1997 by Rational Software Corporation
Business Process
Order
Item
Ship via
“Modeling captures essential parts of the system.”
Dr. James Rumbaugh
Visual Modeling is modelingusing standard graphical notations: chart, diagrams, objects, symbols
Why Modeling?
Data Model
Usage: a fundamental set of tools & methods to
consistently & uniformly view, organize, and treat
database .
Definition: Integrated collection of concepts,
theories, axioms, constraints for description,
organization, validation, and interpretation of data.
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Types Data Models
Entity-relationship
Semantic
Functional
Object Oriented
Object-Based
Model
Relational
Hierarchical
Network
Record-Based
Model
Steps of Designing DBMS
• Determine what to store
• Determine what relations exists
• Determine what data services are needed
• Determine what data model is suitable
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Data Warehouse
Kudang B. Seminar
What is Data warehouse?
• Data warehouse as a subject- oriented, integrated, time variant, non-volatile collection of data in support of management’s decision making process
• Data warehouse systems consist of a set of programs that extract data from the operational environment, a database that maintains data warehouse data, and systems that provide data to users
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The Goal of Data Ware House?
• to provide a "single image of business reality" for the organization
Fundamental Ideas Behind the Successful Data Warehousing
• Operational vs. Decision Support Applications: One impetus for data warehouse is the unsuitability of traditional operationalapplications for typical decision support usage patterns;
• Primitive vs. Derived Data: A critical success factor in data warehouse design is understanding knowledge workers’ demand demand for detailed vs. summary data;
• Time Series Data: Data warehouse often supports analysis of trends over time and comparisons of current vs. historical data;
• Data Administration: Another critical success factor is senior management commitment to maintenance of the quality of corporate data
• Systems Architecture: A system must be architected when it is very complex, requires the integration of many disciplines, or is developed in the face of uncertain requirements.