database cycle

8/8/2019 Database Cycle

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Database Development Cycle

Track 3: Managing Information

Using Database


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Objectives Database planning

System Definition

Requirements collection and analysis

Database design

DBMS selection

Application design

Prototyping

Implementation

Data Conversion and loading Testing

Operational Maintenance


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Database Planning

Systems Definition

Requirements Collection

and analysis

Database DesignDBMS

Selection

Application

Design

Implementation

Data Conversion and loading

Testing

Evaluation & Maintenance

Prototyping

Life Cycle

Source: http://www.cs/ucf.edu/courses/cgs2545/CH02/index.htm


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Database Planning

Current systems evaluation

Development of Standards

Technological feasability

Operational feasability

Economical feasability


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Requirements Collection and Analysis

identifying management information

requirements,

determining information requirements by

functional area, and establishing hardware and software

requirements

Systems definition

Data dictionary Metadata


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DBMS Selection* Costs

* Features and Tools

* Underlying model

* Portability

* DBMS hardware requirements


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Application design

Application program design

User Interface design


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PrototypingDevelop the

working model

Build the

prototype

Use and Test

the prototype

Review the

prototype

Decision

Abandon

application

Implement

Application

Redevelop

Application

Begin new

prototype


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Implementation The physical realisation of the database and

application designs

the detailed model is converted to the

appropriate implementation model, the data

dictionary is built, the database is

populated, application programs aredeveloped and users are trained


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Data Conversion and Loading &

Testing

Transferring any existing data into the newdatabase and converting any existing

applications to run on the new database

Finding errors


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Database Evaluation Interviewing and polling users to determine

whether any data needs are unmet.


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Operational maintenance

preventive maintenance (backup)

corrective maintenance (recovery)1

adaptive maintenance

assignment of access

regular monitoring & periodical check up


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Data & Database

administration

Data administration is the management of

the data resources Database administration is the management

of physical realisation of the database

application


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Database design methodology A structured approach that uses procedures,

techniques, tools, and documentation aids to

support and facilitate the process of design.

* Conceptual database design

* Logical database design

* Physical database design


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Entity, Attribute, Relationship

Client

Name

Address

Postcode

Passport

Passport No

Exp.Data

Itinerary

DateCity

Contact

EntityAttribute

Relationship


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Conceptual Design Phase

DATA

TOP-DOWN

BOTTOM-UP

Identify Entities

Identify Relationships

Identify Attributes

Identify Relationships

Identify Dependencies

Collect Data


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Basic relationshipsOne-to-One

One-to-many

Many to many

HUSBAND WIFE

is married to

is married to

TRACK PARTICIPANTS belongs to

has

Trackis helds in

holds

Trainer


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Logical design phase

1. REFINE THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Conce a. . ode

e ned Conce a Mode

2.APPLY THE RULES OF NORMALIZATION

Logica

a aMode


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Refining the Conceptual model Refine the attributes

example:

Synonyms

Hononyms


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Physical Database Design

Logical Data Model Logical Process Model

TR

Track 01 Country

Database creation

CREATEDATABASE

CREATETABLE

LOAD

PhysicalImplementationProcess


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Critical Success Factors in

Database Design Work interactively with the users as much as possible.

Follow a structured methodology throughout the data

modelling process. Incorporate structural and integrity considerations into

the data models.

Combine conceptualisation, normalisation, and

transaction validation techniques into the datamodelling methodology.


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Exercise (Conceptual design)

List 1

List 2

Track No: 1 Track name: Managing information using Database

Participant

code

Participant

nameAge Position Country Address

Country code Country name Participant code Participant name Track name

Create a conceptual E.A.R model of the database for the following lists. (List up the necessary

DATA ITEMS, set up ENTITIES and their ATTRIBUTES, and identify the relationship among

the entities )

List 1 is the list of participants information by track

List 2 is the list of participants information by countries


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Answer

Participant

r n n e

r n eA e

A ress

s n

Track

r n er

r n e

Country

n r e

n r n e

En iA i u e

Rel i nshiZero one or many

Just one

One

ormany

Just

one


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Exercise: Primary and Foreign Key

Participant

code

Participant

nameAge Position Address Country code

Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant

code

Please identify primary and foreign key.

Primary key

Foreign key


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Answer

Participant

code

Participant

nameAge Position Address Country code

Country nameCountry codeTrack nameTrack code Participant

code

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