Database AdministrationDatabase AdministrationISQA 436ISQA 436

Winter 2004Winter 2004

Mark FreemanMark Freeman

markf@pdx.edumarkf@pdx.edu

Database AdministrationDatabase AdministrationISQA 436ISQA 436

• SyllabusSyllabus• BooksBooks• AttendanceAttendance• GradingGrading• WebCTWebCT

http://ce6hosting.webct.com/http://ce6hosting.webct.com/• WebsiteWebsite

http://web.pdx.edu/~markf/sba/isqa436http://web.pdx.edu/~markf/sba/isqa436

DATABASE ApplicationsDATABASE Applications

• Oracle 9i (v9.2.0.1.0)Oracle 9i (v9.2.0.1.0)• Database server: SBALABSDatabase server: SBALABS• You will be assigned a user account which You will be assigned a user account which

you will createyou will create• SQL*Plus and SQL*Plus WorksheetSQL*Plus and SQL*Plus Worksheet• Enterprise ManagerEnterprise Manager• Net configuration/managementNet configuration/management

DATABASEDATABASE

• Remote connectionRemote connection– Oracle 9i clientOracle 9i client– ServiceService

SBALABSSBALABS

– HostHost IP Address (IP Address (See install/config lab for detailsSee install/config lab for details))

What you should knowWhat you should know

• Basic SQL Basic SQL – INSERT, UPDATE and DELETEINSERT, UPDATE and DELETE

– SELECTSELECT WHEREWHERE

ORDER BYORDER BY

GROUP BY/HAVINGGROUP BY/HAVING

– Joins (2 or 3 tables)Joins (2 or 3 tables)

• Basic DDLBasic DDL– CREATE, ALTER, DROP TABLE, etcCREATE, ALTER, DROP TABLE, etc

What you should knowWhat you should know

• Referential IntegrityReferential Integrity– Primary and Foreign KeysPrimary and Foreign Keys

• NULLNULL• Know about:Know about:

– ViewsViews– Functions, procedures, triggersFunctions, procedures, triggers– IndexesIndexes– TransactionsTransactions

WHAT WE WILL LEARNWHAT WE WILL LEARN

1.1. Oracle Database ArchitectureOracle Database Architecture2.2. AdministrationAdministration

• Backup and recoveryBackup and recovery• Storage managementStorage management• Network managementNetwork management• Security managementSecurity management

3.3. PL/SQL programmingPL/SQL programming4.4. Internet database technology*Internet database technology*

*As time allows*As time allows

ORACLE TIMELINE*ORACLE TIMELINE*

1970

IBM employeeE.F. Codd publishestheory of relational

databases

1974 1977 1980

IBM develops System R UC Berkeley develops Ingres Neither becomes commercial before Oracle

Oracle is foundedby Larry Ellison,

Bob Miner and Ed OatesOriginally named SDL

1978 1979

Name changed to RSI

First commercialrelational database

is shipped!

Name changed to Oracle

* Sources: http://math.hws.edu/vaughn/cpsc/343/2003/history.html http://www.oracle.com/corporate/history.html

ORACLE TIMELINEORACLE TIMELINE

1980

Version 3.0on minicomputers

written in C

1984 1987 1990

Version 4.0PC version

Read consistency

Oracle beginsdevelopment of

Oracle Financialssoftware

1988 1989

Version 5.0Distributed database

Client/server

Version 6.0PL/SQL

Oracle Financialsreleased

Version 6.2Parallel Server

1981 1982 1983

IBM releases DB2

1985 1986

ORACLE TIMELINEORACLE TIMELINE

1990

Version 7.0 on UnixVery Large Databases

(VLDB)

1994 1997 2000

Network PC

1998 1999

Version 8.0,named Oracle8,

Released64-bit

Linux

1991 1992 1993

$1 billion in sales

1995 1996

Oralce ApplicationsERP, Supply Chain,Manufacturing, etc..

Oracle becomes#1 databasecompany forinternet and

ERP

Oracle 8iJavaOAS

ORACLE TIMELINEORACLE TIMELINE

2000

Oracle 9iRelease 2

2004

Oracle 10g

2001 2002 2003

Oracle 9i Release 1Internet Application

Server (IAS)

Important Oracle ResourcesImportant Oracle Resources

• Online documentationOnline documentation– All of Oracle documentation is available onlineAll of Oracle documentation is available online

Internet: Internet: http://otn.oracle.com/documentation/index.htmlhttp://otn.oracle.com/documentation/index.html Requires a one-time registration, which is freeRequires a one-time registration, which is free

SBA labs: SBA labs: Run N:\MapOracle.batRun N:\MapOracle.bat

O:\DocumentationO:\Documentation

Important Oracle ResourcesImportant Oracle Resources• Online documentationOnline documentation

– All of Oracle documentation is available onlineAll of Oracle documentation is available online Internet: Internet: http://otn.oracle.com/documentation/index.htmlhttp://otn.oracle.com/documentation/index.html

Requires a one-time registration, which is freeRequires a one-time registration, which is free

SBA labs: O:\DocumentationSBA labs: O:\Documentation

• Useful documents for this class*Useful documents for this class*– Oracle Database ConceptsOracle Database Concepts– Database Administrator’s GuideDatabase Administrator’s Guide– SQL ReferenceSQL Reference– PL/SQL User Guide an ReferencePL/SQL User Guide an Reference

* There are more than 200 Oracle documentation manuals

DATABASE ADMINISTRATORDATABASE ADMINISTRATOR

• What is a DBA?What is a DBA?– Database AdministratorDatabase Administrator– Default Blame Accepter?Default Blame Accepter?

• What does a DBA do?What does a DBA do?

DATABASE ADMINISTRATORDATABASE ADMINISTRATOR

• DBA tasks:DBA tasks:– Database Design and PlanningDatabase Design and Planning

– Database Installation and UpgradeDatabase Installation and Upgrade

– Backup and RecoveryBackup and Recovery

– Storage ManagementStorage Management

– Security ManagementSecurity Management

– Network AdministrationNetwork Administration

– Performance TuningPerformance Tuning

– On-call Emergency Crisis ManagementOn-call Emergency Crisis Management

DATABASE DESIGN AND DATABASE DESIGN AND PLANNINGPLANNING

• Capacity planningCapacity planning– Number and speed of CPUNumber and speed of CPU– MemoryMemory– Disk spaceDisk space– Size and distribution of data filesSize and distribution of data files

• NetworkNetwork– FirewallFirewall– ConcurrancyConcurrancy– Distributed databasesDistributed databases

• Database parametersDatabase parameters– Sizing and resource allocationSizing and resource allocation

• Standby and test databasesStandby and test databases

DATABASE INSTALLATION DATABASE INSTALLATION AND UPGRADEAND UPGRADE

• What products to installWhat products to install• Configuring the operating systemConfiguring the operating system

– memory parametersmemory parameters– Oracle acccountOracle acccount– filesystemfilesystem

• Installing/configuring database and web Installing/configuring database and web serversservers

• Installing client softwareInstalling client software• Planning and performing upgradesPlanning and performing upgrades

BACKUP AND RECOVERYBACKUP AND RECOVERY

• Develop backup and recovery planDevelop backup and recovery plan• Implement backup proceduresImplement backup procedures• Test recovery plansTest recovery plans• Schedule exports and other special-needs Schedule exports and other special-needs

backupsbackups

STORAGE MANAGEMENTSTORAGE MANAGEMENT

• Ensure enough disk space and data files for Ensure enough disk space and data files for growthgrowth

• Monitor growthMonitor growth• Schedule database reorganizationsSchedule database reorganizations

SECURITY MANAGEMENTSECURITY MANAGEMENT

• Create database user accounts and rolesCreate database user accounts and roles• Grant and revoke privilegesGrant and revoke privileges• Maintain operating system securityMaintain operating system security• Network securityNetwork security

– firewallfirewall

• Web server securityWeb server security• EncryptionEncryption

NETWORK ADMINISTRATIONNETWORK ADMINISTRATION

• Server network configurationServer network configuration• Client network configurationClient network configuration• Distributed database configurationDistributed database configuration• Managing connection capacityManaging connection capacity

PERFORMANCE TUNINGPERFORMANCE TUNING

• Monitor performanceMonitor performance– response timeresponse time– resource contentionresource contention

CPUCPU

MemoryMemory

DiskDisk

NetworkNetwork

• Adjust database parameters accordinglyAdjust database parameters accordingly• Assist in SQL statement tuningAssist in SQL statement tuning

ON-CALL CRISIS ON-CALL CRISIS MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

• Anticipate emergencies and take Anticipate emergencies and take preventative measurespreventative measures

• Respond to pager at 3amRespond to pager at 3am• Keep a cool headKeep a cool head• Call Oracle for supportCall Oracle for support• Minimize damageMinimize damage• Minimize downtimeMinimize downtime