data resource management_2

8/14/2019 Data Resource Management_2

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Presented by:Mr. Naveet Kumar Vankani (11291)

Miss. Saba Shahid ()Mr. Ghufran Nisar (11153)

Mr. Najam-us-Saqib Qasmi (12034)Miss. Iqra Madina (11940)


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DATABASE

It is a concept or file organization.

It consists of related files storedtogether so that group of data items can

be easily accessed or retrieved by thosewho need them.


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Operational Database

It stores detailed data needed to support the business processes & operations of acompany.It is also called subject area database(SADB),transaction database & production database.E.g. Customer database, human database, etc.


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Distributed DatabasesReplication or duplication of copies and

parts of databases to network servers at avariety of websites Improves database performance at

worksites.


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External Database

Databases available for a fee fromcommercial online services, or free from theWeb Example: hypermedia databases, statistical

databases, bibliographic and full textdatabases

Search engines like Google or Yahoo areexternal databases


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Hypermedia Databases

A hypermedia database contains:

Hyperlinked pages of multimedia

Interrelated hypermedia page elements,

rather than interrelated data records


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How Data are organized in IS:

Data are logically organized intocharacters, fields, records, files.

1. Character: It consists of singlealphabetic, numeric, or other symbol.

2. Field: Grouping of related

characteristics.


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3. Record: It represents a collection of attributes that describe an entity.

4. File: It is a group of related records. Any grouping of related records in

tabular, or row & column form is called a

File. A single table may be referred to as a

Flat file


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DATABASE STRUCTURES

The relationships among manyindividual data elements stored in

database are based on one of theseveral logical data structures or models.


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Types of Database Structure:

Common database structures Hierarchical Network Relational Object-oriented

Multi-dimensional


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Hierarchical Structure

Early DBMS structureRecords arranged in tree-like structure

Relationships are one-to-many


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Network StructureUsed in some mainframe DBMS

packages Many-to-many relationships


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Relational StructureMost widely used structureData elements are stored in tablesRow represents a record; column is a field

Can relate data in one file with data in another,if both files share a common data element


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Relational OperationsSelect Create a subset of records that meet a stated

criterion

Example: employees earning more than$30,000Join Combine two or more tables temporarily Looks like one big tableProject Create a subset of columns in a table


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Multidimensional Structure

Variation of relational model Uses multidimensional structures to

organize data Data elements are viewed as being in cubes Popular for analytical databases that support

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)


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Multidimensional Model


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Object-Oriented StructureAn object consists of Data values describing the attributes of an entity. Operations that can be performed on the data.Encapsulation Combine data and operationsInheritance New objects can be created by replicating some or all of

the characteristics of parent objects


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Object-Oriented Structure


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Database DevelopmentDatabase development:

Involves data planning, database designand implementation

Creation of database models

b d


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Database Administrator (DBA)

In charge of enterprise databasedevelopment

Improves the integrity and security of organizational databasesUses Data Definition Language (DDL) todevelop and specify data contents,

relationships, and structureStores these specifications in a datadictionary or a metadata repository


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Data DictionaryA data dictionary Contains data about data (metadata) Relies on specialized software component to

manage a database of data definitions

It contains information on.. The names and descriptions of all types of data

records and their interrelationships Requirements for end users access and use of

application programs Database maintenance Security


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Data Planning Process

It a top-down process. Develop an enterprise model. Define needs of end user in a business

process. Identify key data elements that are needed to

perform their specific business activities.(ERDs)


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Database Design Process

It is a data modeling process where therelationships are identified in a data

model that supports a basic business process.

This model is called schemas or subschema.

The physical design of data basis.


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Database Development


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Data Warehouses A process of centralized data management and

retrieval. Stores data that has been extracted from other

databases in an organization. Central source of data that has been cleaned,

transformed, and catalog. Data is used for data mining, analytical

processing, analysis, research, decision support.


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Data warehouses may be divided intodata marts

Subsets of data that focus on specificaspects of a company (department or business process)


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Data Mining

Data in data warehouses are analyzed toreveal hidden patterns and trends

Market-basket analysis to identify new product bundles Find root cause of qualify or manufacturing problems Prevent customer attrition Acquire new customers

Cross-sell to existing customers Profile customers with more accuracy

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