8f14e4.planning and strategic management_2
TRANSCRIPT
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Planning and Strategic Management
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Planning
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- All planning occurs within an environmentalcontext
-If managers do not understand this context ,they are unable to develop effective plans
-Basing on understanding this context ,manager establish organizations mission
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-The mission outlines the organizations purposes ,premises, values and directions
-The mission helps determines Strategic goals and
plans
-Strategic goals and plans let developing tactical goalsand plans
-Tactical goals and plans determine operational plans
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I/ Organizational Goals:
- Provide guidance and a unified direction for people inthe organization: everyone can know to where theorganization is going .
- Goal-setting promotes good planning which facilitatesfuture goal setting
- Serve as a source of motivation for employees of theorganization
- Provide an effective mechanism for evaluation and
control
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* Kinds of Goals
There is four basic level of goals :
- 1- Mission
- 2- Strategic goal
- 3- Tactical goal
- 4- Operational goal
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1- Mission:
Is a statement of its fundamental , unique purpose thatdifferentiate it from other firms and identifies the scopeof the businesss operations in product and market terms (E.g: being the first purveyor of an enzyme in the world)
2- Strategic goals:
- Are set by and for top management of organization.
-Focused on broad and general issues
( E.g: opening 1000 Laboratories in the world)
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3- Tactical goals:
- Are set by and for middle managers.
-Focused on how to operationalize actions necessary to
achieve the strategic goals
-(E.g: working on the distribution of homologues laboratoryin different country and possibilities of cooperation)
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4- Operational goals ( or objectives)
- Are set by and for low-level managers
- To Precise short-term objectives associated with the
tactical goals.
-(E.g: To precise the number of laboratory to be opened byyear )
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II/ Organizational Plans:
Organizations establish many different kinds of plans:
-Strategic plans
-Tactical plans
- Operational plans
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1- Strategic Plans:
-Set by the Board of directors and top management
- Outline :- Decisions of resources allocations
-Priorities-Action steps necessary to reach strategic goals
-Have extended time horizon
- Adress questions of -Scope-Resource deployment-Competitive advantage
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2- Tactical Plans
-Set for middle management
-Are developed to achieve tactical goals
- Have short time horizon
- Have specific and concrete focus
-Are concerned more with actually getting things donethan with deciding what to do
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3- Operational Plan
-Set by middle and lower level managers
-They carry out tactical plans to achieve operationalgoals
-Have short-term focus
-Are narrow in scope : concern small activities
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The Nature of Strategic Management
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STRATEGY :
-Is a comprehensive plan for accomplishing anorganizations goals
-Strategic managements: a comprehensive and ongoingmanagement process aimed at formulating andimplementing effective strategies
-Effective strategies: That promote a superior alignmentbetween the organization and its environment
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The components of strategy:
-A well conceived strategy address three areas:
- 1- Distinctive competence- 2- Scope- 3- Resource deployment
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-1- Distinctive Competence :
Something that the organization does exceptionallywell
-E.g:-Speed in moving inventory-Electronically transmits orders to supplies in othercountries
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-2- The Scope: The scope of a strategy specifies the
areas of competitions
- E.g:
-With which laboratory we can compete
- In which country we can compete
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- Resource deployment : Concern how to distribute itsresources across the areas in which it competes
E.g:
- How many Laboratories by Country-Area or regions of installing laboratories
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Types of strategic Alternatives :
Most business today develop strategies at twodistinct levels:
-1. Business level strategy: A strategic alternatives toconduct business in a particular operation ( industry ,market)
- 2. Corporate-level-strategy : a strategic alternatives tomanage many operations simultaneously .