MMS-A

NAMITA AMALE -01SACHIN CHAUDHARY-05

PRANOTI VARTAK-38PRIYA KUMAR-28

RUPAM THAKKAR-36ARYA KULANGARATHODI-15SIDDHESH SONAWANE-32

SUSHIL TAMBITKAR-35

Data Processing & Analysis

Contents

Data & TypesInformationData AnaysisData ProcessingSteps in Data ProcessingTypes Of Data ProcessingData Processing Cycle

Data

DataThe word data is derived from Latin language. It is

plural of Datum. Data is any collection of facts of figures. The data is the raw material to be processed by a computer.

ExampleNames of students, marks obtained in the

examination, designation of employees, addresses, quantity, rate, sales figures or anything that is input to the computer is data. Even pictures, photographs, drawings, charts and maps can be treated as data. Computer processes the data and produces the output or result

Types of Data

Numeric Data Character Data

String Data

Graphical Data

Data & Data Set The information that you collect from an experiment, survey is referred to as your data. A data set is a representation of data, defining a set of \variables" that are measured on a set of \cases."

Variable

A variable is any characteristic of an object that can be represented as a number. The values that the variable takes will vary when measurements are made on different objects or at different times.

Case

Recorded information about an object we observe a case.

Information

A collection of data which conveys some meaningful idea is information. It may provide answers to questions like who, which, when, why, what, and how.

or

Observations and recordings are done to obtain data, while analysis is done to obtain information

Data Analysis

Steps in Data Analysis

Data Collection & Preparation

Exploration of Data

Data Analysis Method (s)/ Techniques

Data Preparation

Collect data

Preparation of code books

Set up structure of data

Enter data

Screen data for errors

Exploration Of Data

Graphs

Descriptive stats

Data Analysis Techniques

Comparing means- Statistical testing

Correlations

Text Analytics

Data Processing

Data Processing

The processing of converting data into useful information.

Data processing system - the activities, equipment & personnel

invovled.

Data ProcessInformatio

n

Data Processing

Data processing:

Any operation or set of operations performed upon data, whether or not by automatic means, such as collection, recording, organization, storage, adaptation or alteration to convert it into useful information.

Data VS Information

Information

Data

120557

Date12/05/57

Time12:05:57 Money

120,557

Examples of Data Processing

Organizing examination records

The subject teacher collects the marked examination papers

The subject scores are entered on score sheet The score sheet are given to the class teacher The class teacher calculate the total & the average

score of each student A report card for each student is produced ,master

report sheet for the class is kept for future reference.

Steps of data processing

There are 5 steps included in Data processing:

EditingCodingClassificationData EntryValidationTabulation

Editing

Editing of data is a process of examining the collected raw data to detect errors and omissions and to correct these when possible.

With regards to stages:1. Field Editing2. Central Editing

Coding

Coding refers to process of assigning numerals or other symbols to answers so that responses can be put into a limited number of categories or classes.

Classification

Data having a common characteristics are placed in one class and in this way the entire data get divided into a number of groups or classes.

Types:1. Classification according to attributes2. Classification according to class intervals

Data Entry

After the data has been properly arranged and coded, it is entered into the software that performs the eventual cross tabulation.

Data entry professionals do the task efficiently.

Validation

After the cleaning phase, comes the validation process.

It refers to the process of thoroughly checking the collected data to ensure optimal quality levels.

All the accumulated data is double checked in order to ensure that it contains no inconsistencies and is relevant.

Tabulation

Tabulation is the process of summarising raw data and displaying the same in compact form for further analysis.

Benefits:1. It conserves soace and reduces explanatory

statement to a minimum2. It facilitates the process of comparison3. It facilitates the summation of items and detection of

errors4. It provides a basis for various statistical computations

Types Of Data Processing

Manual data Processing

EDP

Real time Processing

Batch Processing

Once data is collected, it is processed to convert it into useful information. The data is processed again and again until the accurate result is achieved. This is called data processing cycle.

The data processing is very important activity and involves very careful planning. Usually, data processing activity involves three basic activities.

1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output

Data Processing Cycle

Input Processing Output

Verification Classification Retrieval

Communication

ConversionStoring

Calculation

Storing

Coding

Summarizing

Data Processing Cycle