data-openjustice.doj.ca.gov...i juvenile justice in california 2018 provides insight into the...

CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICEXavier Becerra, Attorney General

The Role of the Criminal Justice Statistics Center

is to:

Collect, analyze, and report statistical data that provide valid measures of crime and the criminal justice process.

Examine these data on an ongoing basis to better describe crime and the criminal justice system.

Promote the responsible presentation and use of crime statistics.

Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... i

Juvenile Justice System at-a-Glance ........................................................................................... iv

Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................... ix Arrests ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 Referrals ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 Petitions ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 Adult Court Dispositions ........................................................................................................................ 45

Data Tables ....................................................................................................................................... 53

Appendices ...................................................................................................................................... 97 1 Background ............................................................................................................................................ 98 2 Data Limitations .................................................................................................................................... 100 3 California Code Sections .................................................................................................................... 102 4 Felony-Level Offense Codes ............................................................................................................. 106 5 Misdemeanor-Level Offense Codes ............................................................................................... 108 6 Juvenile Justice Glossary.................................................................................................................... 110

Contents

Juvenile Justice in California, 2018

i

Juvenile Justice in California 2018 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests, referrals to probation departments, petitions filed, and dispositions for juveniles tried in juvenile and adult courts. Law enforcement agencies provide information to the Department of Justice (DOJ) on the number of arrests. Probation departments and superior courts provide information to the DOJ on the types of offenses and administrative actions taken by juvenile and adult courts.

The California DOJ is required to collect and report statistics on juvenile justice in California. Juvenile Justice in California 2018 reflects data extracted from the Monthly Arrest and Citation Register (MACR), the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System (JCPSS), and a file containing dispositions of adult-level felony arrests. Appendix 1 describes the evolution of this system. Referral and petition statistics were submitted to the JCPSS by 56 of California’s 58 counties, representing over 99 percent of the state’s juvenile population. Lassen and Sierra* counties are not included in the referral and petition sections of this report because they did not report data in 2018.

Juvenile Justice in California 2018 presents juvenile justice statistics in four sections: Arrests, Referrals, Petitions, and Adult Court Dispositions. The arrest data were reported by law enforcement agencies and referral data were reported by probation departments. Comparisons between arrest data and referral data should not be made because of differences in the way data were reported between the two sources. See Appendix 2 for more detail.

� The Arrests section presents information on the number of juveniles arrested, the types of arrest charges, and the demographic characteristics of the juveniles.

� The Referrals section presents information on the number of juveniles referred to county probation departments, who referred the juveniles to the probation departments, the type of referral, the demographic characteristics of the juveniles referred, and the probation department dispositions.

� The Petitions section presents information on cases where a petition was filed, including the number of petitions filed, the types of petitions filed, the demographic characteristics of the juveniles, and the dispositions for those petitions handled in juvenile court.

� The Adult Court Dispositions section presents information on juveniles whose cases were processed in adult court, including the number and characteristics of the juveniles, and the adult court dispositions.

Executive SummaryJuvenile Justice in California

2018

*The DOJ continues to work with Lassen and Sierra Counties in order to achieve 100 percent participation.

ii

Below is a summary of highlights from each of the sections.

Arrests

The Arrests section provides data on reported juvenile arrests made by law enforcement agencies in 2018.

� Over one half of the juveniles (52.2 percent) were arrested for a misdemeanor offense. Over a third (37.2 percent) were arrested for a felony offense, and the remainder (10.6 percent) were arrested for a status offense. (Table 1)

� Eight out of ten juveniles arrested (81.6 percent) were referred to county juvenile probation departments. (Table 1)

� The number of juvenile arrests has decreased by 17.5 percent from 2017 to 2018. (Table 8)

Referrals

The Referrals section provides data on juveniles who were brought to the attention of the county probation departments in 2018.

� Nearly nine out of ten juveniles referred to county probation departments (88.9 percent) were referred by law enforcement agencies. (Table 9)

� Three out of ten (30.6 percent) juveniles referred to county probation departments were detained. (Table 14)

� Nearly one-third (32.9 percent) of the juvenile cases referred to county probation departments were closed at intake, indicating that no further action was taken. (Table 14)

� In over half (55.0 percent) of the referrals to the county probation departments, a petition was filed in juvenile court. (Table 14)


iii

Note:In November of 2016, California voters passed Proposition 57, which ended the process of juveniles being transferred directly (direct filed) to adult court by county prosecutors. The new law was effective immediately, making 2016 the final year, and a partial year, where direct file data would need to be tracked as part of the Juvenile Justice in California publication. Proposition 57 did leave in place the process of juveniles being transferred to adult court by a juvenile court judge via fitness hearings.

Petitions

The Petitions section provides data on juvenile cases that proceeded to the juvenile court for formal processing in 2018.

� Of the juveniles handled formally by the juvenile court, six out of ten (60.8 percent) were made wards of the court. (Table 20)

� One-sixth (18.1 percent) of the petitions for formal juvenile court adjudication were dismissed. (Table 20)

Adult Court Dispositions

The Adult Court Dispositions section provides data on juveniles processed through the adult court system.

� Of the juveniles tried in adult court, 76.5 percent were convicted. (Table 30)

ProbationDepartmentDispositions

65,020100.0%

PublicAgency/

Individual3,7535.8%

OtherSources

5880.9%

Transfers1,3932.1%

Schools, Parents,

Private Agency/Individual

1,4822.3%

Arrests46,423100.0% Juvenile

CourtDispositions

35,760100.0%

LawEnforcement

57,80488.9%

Referred to Probation

37,87481.6%

Counseled and Released

7,63416.4%

Turned Over toOther Agency

9152.0%

Source: Tables 1, 9, 14, 20, and 30.

Note: Percentages may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.

1 Transferred includes traffic court and deported.

2 In 2018, probation departments reported information on 77 remands to the adult system. The adult court disposition information discussed here is for the 179 dispositions received in 2018.

Juvenile Justice System, 2018

Juvenile Arrests Juvenile Probation

Closed atIntake21,39532.9%

InformalProbation

1,1351.7%

Diversion4,7547.3%

Transferred1

1,9763.0%

PetitionsFiled

35,76055.0%

iv

Referral Sources

At-a-Glance

continued on next page

Wardship21,75860.8%

Dismissed6,46818.1%

Diversion, Deferred Entryof Judgment,

orTransferred

2,4416.8%

InformalProbation

2,6787.5%

Non-WardProbation

2,3386.5%

Remanded toAdult Court

770.2%

�Arrest data were reported to the DOJ by law enforcement agencies and referral data were reported by probation departments. Data comparisons should not be made because of differences in the way data are reported between sources. See Appendix 2 for more detail.

�Typically, referrals are made to the probation department in the juvenile’s county of residence. The majority of referrals in this report came from police and sheriff’s departments (88.9 percent). (Table 9)

�Probation departments decide how to process referred cases. A case may be closed or transferred; a juvenile may be placed on informal probation or in a diversion program; or a petition may be sought for a court hearing.

�Most formal juvenile court hearings resulted in the juvenile being made a ward of the court (60.8 percent). Most wards were allowed to go home under the supervision of the probation department (53.6 percent). (Table 20)

�Juveniles can be remanded to the adult criminal justice system for prosecution if a juvenile court judge finds the juvenile is unfit for juvenile court. Over seven out of ten dispositions received in adult court in 2018 resulted in a conviction (76.5 percent). (Table 30)

v

Juveniles to Adult Court

AdultDispositions 2

Received in2018179

100.0%

Convicted137

76.5%

Acquitted 2

1.1%

Dismissed37

20.7%

Jail4

2.9%Certified to

Juvenile Court3

1.7%

Other 2

1.5%

Adult Prison/DJJ95

69.3%

Probation7

5.1%

Probationwith Jail

2921.2%

Own orRelative’s

Home11,67353.6%

SecureCountyFacility6,43729.6%

Non-SecureCountyFacility

4882.2%

Other Publicor PrivateAgency2,41211.1%

Other431

2.0%

Division of Juvenile Justice

(DJJ)317

1.5%

Juvenile Probation

Juvenile Justice System, 2018 (continued)

ArrestsMACR

� If a person is arrested for multiple offenses, the MACR selects only the most serious offense based on the severity of possible punishment.

� Felony arrest counts may include some misdemeanor warrants for felony offenses.

� In 2013, the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program revised the definition of “forcible rape” (the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will) to “rape” and defined as “penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.” The California DOJ instituted this definition change in January 2014.

� In November 2014, California voters passed Proposition 47, which reduced numerous state statutes from felonies to misdemeanors. Caution should be used when comparing felony and misdemeanor arrest data to prior years.

� In November 2016, California voters passed Proposition 64 which legalized the possession and use of marijuana for individuals 21 years of age and older and reduced the offense degree for numerous state statutes. Caution should be used when comparing drug offense arrests to prior years.

Referrals and PetitionsJCPSS

� Each year there is a difference between the number of referrals to probation via the JCPSS and the number of juvenile arrests reported by law enforcement agencies as “referred to juvenile court and probation” via

the MACR. The difference is due, in part, to the various programs and definitions used by law enforcement agencies and probation departments for submitting data to the DOJ. However, there are two primary reasons for the difference:

a. Probation departments report caseload information, while law enforcement agencies report information on individual arrests.

b. The JCPSS counts only those juveniles who have a final disposition reported to the DOJ. Many probation departments divert juveniles out of the system into other “community based” programs. As a result, many juveniles who are diverted after being referred by law enforcement agencies are not reported on the JCPSS.

� All juvenile referrals for law violations and status offenses are reported in the JCPSS.

� The information presented in this report represents the data received from 56 counties. Lassen and Sierra Counties are not included in the JCPSS portion of the report. These two counties did not provide the DOJ with data in 2018.

� In 2003, the JCPSS was modified to accept up to five offenses per referral or petition. Previously, the JCPSS would only accept the most serious offense per referral or petition.

� The subjectivity of the classification and labeling process must be considered in the analysis of race/ethnic group data. As commonly used, race refers to large populations that share certain physical characteristics, such as skin color. Because these physical characteristics can vary greatly within groups, as well as between groups, determination of race is frequently,

Understanding the Data

vi

by necessity, subjective. Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage and can cross racial lines. For example, the ethnic designation “Hispanic” includes persons of any race. Most commonly, self-identification of race/ethnicity is used in the classification and labeling process.

� In November of 2016, California voters passed Proposition 57, which ended the process of juveniles being transferred directly (direct filed) to adult court by county prosecutors. The new law was effective immediately, making 2016 the final year, and a partial year, where direct file data would need to be tracked as part of the Juvenile Justice in California publication. Proposition 57 did leave in place the process of juveniles being transferred to adult court by a juvenile court judge via fitness hearings.

Dispositions of Adult-Level Felony Arrests

� Adult felony arrest disposition data are extracted annually from the California DOJ Criminal History System. The data statistically captures the number of adult-level final dispositions that occur each year as a result of a felony arrest and are displayed by the year of disposition regardless of the year in which an arrest occurred.

� Disposition data do not reflect the actual number of final dispositions occurring each year. Fluctuations from year to year may not necessarily be the result of actual occurrences in the criminal justice system, but may reflect the degree to which reports of dispositions were reported and processed.

� “Final disposition” refers to the last adult-level legal action that is reported prior to the close of the annual file. Final disposition can occur at the law enforcement, prosecutorial, or court level. Intermediate dispositions (diversion programs, suspended proceedings, or subsequent actions) are not included in the data.

� If a person is arrested for multiple offenses, the extract selects only the most serious offense based on the severity of possible punishment. If there are multiple dispositions, the extract selects the most serious disposition and the associated offense.

� Disposition data on state institutional commitments may vary from information compiled and reported by other state agencies because of differences in the data collection systems and criteria.

� The adult felony arrest disposition file includes some persons whose age at arrest was under 18. These minors received a final disposition in adult court under provisions of Welfare and Institutions Code sections 602, 707(a), 707(b), 707(c), and 707.1(a).

vii


viii

A juvenile may be arrested for either violating a criminal statute or committing a status offense. Status offenses are acts that are offenses only when committed by a juvenile, such as curfew violations, truancy, running away, and incorrigibility.

This section contains information on the 46,423 juvenile arrests reported by law enforcement agencies in 2018. This section also includes information on the characteristics of juvenile arrests and arrestees, and the law enforcement dispositions of those arrests. Although some arrests involve more than one offense, only the most serious are shown in this report. Arrest data for all 58 counties were extracted from the MACR.

The law enforcement disposition of a juvenile arrest is affected by several variables: investigative findings and the facts surrounding the alleged offense; prior arrest record; seriousness of the offense; determined need for admonishment; recourse to other authority; and other factors determined by the individual case.

Law enforcement agencies have three methods for the disposition of a juvenile arrest:

� Refer to probation departments for further processing. Some are handled at the probation level, and others are sent to juvenile and criminal courts for final disposition.

� Handle within the department, where juveniles are counseled and released.

� Turn over to another agency.

Notes: References to race/ethnicity will be made throughout this report. The subjectivity of the classification and labeling process must

1

be considered in the analysis of race/ethnic group data. As commonly used, race refers to large populations that share certain physical characteristics, such as skin color. Because these physical characteristics can vary greatly within groups, as well as between groups, determination of race is frequently, by necessity, subjective. Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage and can cross racial lines. For example, the ethnic designation Hispanic can include persons of any race. Most commonly, self-identification of race/ethnicity is used in the classification and labeling process.

Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.

Arrests


Source: Table 1.

Juvenile Arrests, 2018By Level of Offense

Juvenile Arrests, 2018Gender of Arrestee by Level of Offense

Source: Table 1.

In 2018, of the 33,559 arrests of males:

� Felony arrests accounted for 42.1 percent (14,113).

� Misdemeanor arrests accounted for 49.6 percent (16,643).

� Status arrests accounted for 8.4 percent (2,803).

In 2018, of the 12,864 arrests of females:



� Status arrests accounted for 16.6 percent (2,132).

2

Level of Offense

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 42.1% 8.4%49.6%

24.5% 58.9%

PERCENT

FELONY MISDEMEANOR STATUSOFFENSES

16.6%

FELONY37.2%

MISDEMEANOR52.2%

STATUSOFFENSES 10.6%

In 2018, of the 46,423 juvenile arrests reported:



� Status offense arrests accounted for 10.6 percent (4,935).

Arrests

In 2018:

� Juveniles in each age group were arrested for similar proportions of felony, misdemeanor, and status offenses.

Juvenile Arrests, 2018Age Group of Arrestee

By Level of Offense

Source: Table 1.

In 2018, of the three defined race/ethnic groups:

� A greater percentage of white juveniles were arrested for a misdemeanor (58.2 percent) or a status offense (12.6 percent).

� A greater percentage of black juveniles were arrested for a felony (48.6 percent).

Juvenile Arrests, 2018Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee

By Level of Offense

Source: Table 1.

3

Level of Offense

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

36.2% 11.2%

34.8% 9.6%

38.1% 11.0%

52.7%

55.6%

50.9%


0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

58.2%29.2%

52.6%35.8%

43.6%48.6%

58.1%35.8%

12.6%

11.5%

7.8%

6.0%



In 2018, of the 14,113 felony arrests of males:

� Violent offenses accounted for 41.8 percent (5,902).

� Property offenses accounted for 27.1 percent (3,827).

In 2018, of the 3,152 felony arrests of females:

� Violent offenses accounted for 45.0 percent (1,418).

� Property offenses accounted for 30.9 percent (973).

Felony Arrests, 2018Gender of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2018, of the 17,265 juvenile felony arrests reported:

� 42.4 percent (7,320) were for violent offenses.

� 27.8 percent (4,800) were for property offenses.

� 2.8 percent (487) were for drug offenses.

� 27.0 percent (4,658) were for all other felony offenses.

Felony Arrests, 2018By Category

Source: Table 3.

4

Felony Arrests

ALLOTHER

OFFENSES27.0% VIOLENT

OFFENSES42.4%

DRUGOFFENSES2.8% PROPERTY

OFFENSES27.8%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 41.8%3.0%

27.1%

45.0% 30.9%

PERCENT

22.1%2.1%

28.1%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

ALL OTHEROFFENSES

Arrests

In 2018:

� Juveniles in each age group were arrested for similar proportions of violent and property offenses.

Felony Arrests, 2018Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of black juveniles were arrested for a felony violent offense (46.7 percent) than any other race/ethnic group.

� Regardless of race/ethnic group, the smallest proportion of felony arrests were for drug offenses.

Felony Arrests, 2018Age Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

5

Felony Arrests

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

39.1% 36.5%

45.7% 26.0%

41.4% 27.1%

23.5%

26.8%

28.2%

0.9%

1.5%

3.3%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

ALL OTHEROFFENSES

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

29.0%40.8%

26.8%41.0%

30.8%46.7%

24.6%38.8%

3.1%

3.8% 28.5%

21.6%

33.6%

0.8%

3.0%

27.1%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

ALL OTHEROFFENSES


Misdemeanor Arrests, 2018Gender of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of females were arrested for a misdemeanor assault and battery offense than males (38.9 vs. 30.6 percent, respectively).

� A greater percentage of females were arrested for a misdemeanor theft offense than males (14.6 vs. 10.1 percent, respectively).

Misdemeanor Arrests, 2018By Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2018, of the 24,223 juvenile misdemeanor arrests reported:

� 33.2 percent (8,049) were for assault and battery offenses.

� 11.5 percent (2,789) were for theft offenses.

� 18.1 percent (4,393) were for drug and alcohol offenses.

� 12.2 percent (2,966) were for malicious mischief offenses.

� 24.9 percent (6,026) were for all other misdemeanor offenses.

6

Misdemeanor Arrests

ALLOTHER24.9%

THEFT11.5%

MALICIOUSMISCHIEF12.2%

ASSAULT AND

BATTERY33.2%

DRUG AND

ALCOHOL18.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 30.6% 18.7%10.1%

38.9% 14.6%

PERCENT

9.5%16.9%

13.5%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT DRUG AND

ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

20.1%

27.1%

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

Arrests

Misdemeanor Arrests, 2018Age Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of juveniles in the under 12 age group were arrested for misdemeanor assault and battery (43.3 percent) than any other age category.

Misdemeanor Arrests, 2018Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of white juveniles were arrested for a misdemeanor drug and alcohol offense (22.8 percent) than any other race/ethnic group.

� A greater percentage of black juveniles were arrested for a misdemeanor assault and battery offense (39.9 percent) than any other race/ethnic group.

7

Misdemeanor Arrests

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

43.3% 15.2%

41.2% 13.6%

29.9% 11.6%

8.1%

10.4%

12.0%

8.4%

13.1%

20.3%


ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

25.1%

21.7%

26.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

11.8%31.1%

10.4%32.8%

15.6%39.9%

13.0%26.4%

22.8%

20.3% 11.9%

14.6%

10.3%

5.7%

18.3%

10.5% 23.8%

24.6%

24.3%

32.0%


ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF


Status Offense Arrests, 2018Gender of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.Note: “Other” includes minor beyond parental control and failure to obey a juvenile court order.

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of males were arrested for curfew violations than females (15.0 vs. 11.1 percent, respectively).

� A greater percentage of females were arrested for being a runaway than males (59.8 vs. 38.7 percent, respectively).

Status Offense Arrests, 2018By Category


In 2018, of the 4,935 status offenses reported:

� Truancy violations accounted for 7.8 percent (383).

� Runaways accounted for 47.8 percent (2,359).

� Curfew violations accounted for 13.3 percent (658).

� Incorrigible offenses accounted for 4.0 percent (196).

� "Other" status offenses accounted for 27.1 percent (1,339).

8

Status Offense Arrests

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 8.7% 15.0%38.7%

6.6% 59.8%

PERCENT

17.6%11.1%

34.4%

TRUANCY RUNAWAY CURFEW

OTHER STATUS OFFENSESINCORRIGIBLE

3.2%

4.9%

TRUANCY7.8%

RUNAWAY47.8%

OTHERSTATUS

OFFENSES27.1%

CURFEW13.3%

INCORRIGIBLE4.0%

Arrests

Status Offense Arrests, 2018Age Group of Arrestee by Category


Status Offense Arrests, 2018Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee by Category

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of white juveniles were arrested for runaway offenses than any other race/ethnic group (58.6 percent).

In 2018:

� For all age groups there were a greater percentage of runaway arrests than any other status offense category.

9


Status Offense Arrests

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

1.4%

11.8%

8.1% 14.0%

67.6%

52.0%

46.1%

24.6%

28.0%



21.1%

4.7%

3.8%

7.0%2.8%

7.0%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

20.2%4.7%

42.7%9.9%

52.2%4.1%

40.8%9.5%

10.9%

15.0% 29.1%

31.3%

22.5%

8.3%

24.3%

58.6%



5.7%

3.3%

4.2%

3.0%


When processing juvenile arrestees, law enforcement agencies may refer juveniles to the probation department, counsel and release them, or turn them over to another agency.

In 2018, of the 46,423 law enforcement dispositions reported:

� 81.6 percent resulted in a referral to probation (37,874).

� 16.4 percent resulted in the juvenile being counseled and released (7,634).

� 2.0 percent resulted in the juvenile being turned over to another agency (915).

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2018By Type of Disposition

Source: Table 1.

In 2018:

� Males were referred to the probation department more than females (83.1 vs. 77.7 percent, respectively).

� A greater percentage of females were counseled and released than males (20.6 vs. 14.9 percent, respectively).

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2018Gender by Disposition

Source: Table 1.

10

Law Enforcement Level Dispositions

REFERRED TO PROBATION

81.6%

COUNSELED & RELEASED16.4%

TURNED OVER2.0%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 83.1% 14.9%2.0%

77.7%1.8%

PERCENT


COUNSELED AND RELEASED

TURNED OVER

20.6%

Arrests

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2018Age Group by Disposition

Source: Table 1.

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Disposition

Source: Table 1.

In 2018:

� Regardless of age group, the majority of juvenile offenders were referred to probation.

� A greater percentage of juveniles under 12 were counseled and released than any other age group (24.5 percent).

In 2018:

� More than 80.0 percent of juveniles in each race/ethnic group were referred to probation departments by law enforcement.

11

Law Enforcement Level Dispositions

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

73.4%2.0%

79.6%1.9%

82.5%2.0%

24.5%

18.5%

15.6%



TURNED OVER

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

17.5%80.5%

16.3%81.7%

16.0%82.0%

15.7%82.7%

2.0%

2.0%

2.0%

1.6%



TURNED OVER


12

Juvenile referrals occur when a juvenile is brought to the attention of the probation department for a case review. Juveniles can be referred by a variety of sources, with the largest percentage of referrals coming from law enforcement. Referrals may also be generated by a school, parent, public agency or individual, private agency or individual, or by transfers from another county or state.

Referrals to the probation department consist of two types: new and subsequent. The term “new referral” applies to a juvenile who is not currently supervised by the probation department and is typically a first-time offender. The term “subsequent referral” applies to a juvenile who is currently supervised by the probation department. A subsequent referral generally results from a new arrest or probation violation.

After a juvenile is referred to the probation department, a probation officer determines whether the juvenile should be detained or released. The probation department also conducts an investigation and determines whether the case should be closed or transferred; whether the juvenile should be placed on informal probation; or whether a petition should be filed with the court.

This section examines referrals by gender, age group, and race/ethnic group. For the purpose of this section, the term “juvenile” refers to those individuals processed through the juvenile court system.

The data used in this section originated from 56 participating county probation departments (Lassen and Sierra Counties are not included*). This information was submitted to the DOJ from referrals reported in the JCPSS (see Appendix 2).

13

Notes: Arrest data are reported by law enforcement agencies, whereas referral data are reported by probation departments. Comparisons between arrest data and referral data should not be made because of differences in the way data are reported between the two sources. See Appendix 2 for more detail.

In November of 2016, California voters passed Proposition 57, which ended the process of juveniles being transferred directly (direct filed) to adult court by county prosecutors. For additional information, see Appendix 2.

Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.


Referrals


Source: Table 9.

In 2018, of the 65,020 referrals to probation reported:

� 88.9 percent (57,804) were from law enforcement.

� 2.3 percent (1,482) were from schools, parents, and private agencies or individuals.

� 5.8 percent (3,753) were from public agencies or individuals.

� 2.1 percent (1,393) were transfers from another county or state.

� 0.9 percent (588) were from other sources.

Referrals, 2018By Source

Source: Table 9.

In 2018, of the 65,020 referrals reported:

� 69.0 percent (44,863) were new referrals.

� 31.0 percent (20,157) were subsequent referrals.

Referrals, 2018By Type

14

Referral Source and Type

SCHOOL/PARENT/PRIVATE AGENCY

2.3%

TRANSFERS2.1%

LAWENFORCEMENT

88.9%

PUBLIC AGENCY/INDIVIDUAL5.8%

OTHERSOURCES0.9%

NEW69.0%

SUBSEQUENT31.0%

Referrals

Source: Table 9.

Referrals, 2018By Offense Level

In 2018, of the 88,364 referral offenses reported:

� 35.4 percent (31,324) were for felonies.

� 51.5 percent (45,549) were for misdemeanors.

� 13.0 percent (11,491) were for status offenses.

Note: As many as five offenses can be reported for each referral. Consequently, the number of referral offenses is higher than the

15

Offense Level

FELONY35.4%

STATUSOFFENSES13.0%

MISDEMEANOR51.5%

number of referrals.


In 2018:

� A greater percentage of females were referred to the probation department for felony violent offenses than males (40.6 vs. 35.1 percent, respectively).

Source: Table 10.

Referrals for Felony Offenses, 2018Gender by Category

In 2018, of the 31,324 referrals for felony offenses:



� 3.6 percent (1,113) were for drug offenses.

� 33.0 percent (10,340) were for other felony offenses.

Type of Referrals, 2018By Category

Source: Table 10.

16

Referrals for Felony Offenses

OTHEROFFENSES33.0%

VIOLENTOFFENSES36.0%

DRUGOFFENSES3.6%

PROPERTYOFFENSES27.4%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 35.1% 3.5%26.7%

40.6% 31.4%

PERCENT

24.0%4.0%

34.7%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

Referrals

Source: Table 10.

In 2018:

� Referrals for violent offenses are consistent across age groups.

Referrals for Felony Offenses, 2018Age Group by Category

Referrals for Felony Offenses, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of black juveniles were referred to the probation department for a violent offense (43.9 percent) than any other race/ethnic group.

Source: Table 10.

17

Referrals for Felony Offenses

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

44.3%36.1%

24.1%37.7%

28.9%35.3%

24.8%37.7%

1.4%36.7%

32.0%

32.6%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

3.8%

18.9%

4.9%

0.7%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

37.3%31.9%

25.6%33.5%

32.1%43.9%

23.8%35.4%

36.1%

23.1%

36.3%

0.9%

27.5%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

4.8%

3.3%

4.4%


In 2018:

� A greater percentage of males were referred to the probation department for misdemeanor drug and alcohol and malicious mischief offenses than females (12.3 and 13.4 percent vs. 11.1 and 9.0 percent, respectively).

� A greater percentage of females were referred to the probation department for misdemeanor assault and battery and theft offenses than males (39.4 and 11.1 percent vs. 30.9 and 8.4 percent, respectively).

Source: Table 10.

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2018

Gender by Category

In 2018, of the 45,549 misdemeanor referral offenses reported:





� 33.5 percent (15,237) were for all other misdemeanor offenses.

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2018

By Category

Source: Table 10.

18

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses

ASSAULTAND

BATTERY33.3%

DRUG AND

ALCOHOL11.9%

THEFT9.2%


ALLOTHER33.5%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 30.9% 12.3%8.4%

39.4% 11.1%

PERCENT

9.0%11.1%

13.4%


ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

35.0%

29.4%

Referrals

Source: Table 10.

In 2018:

� The proportion of juveniles referred to probation departments for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses increased with age. Conversely, the proportion of juveniles referred to probation departments for misdemeanor assault and battery or malicious mischief decreases after the age of 14.

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2018Age Group by Category

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of white juveniles were referred to probation departments for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses than any other race/ethnic group.

� A greater percentage of black juveniles were referred to probation departments for a misdemeanor assault and battery offense than any other race/ethnic group.

Source: Table 10.

19

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

11.9%30.7%

7.7%32.1%

14.2%42.4%

11.2%30.1%

15.7%

12.5%12.1%

13.5%

10.4%

33.0%

35.6%

25.2%

36.5%

4.7%

11.8%

8.7%


ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

20.3%43.7%

8.8%44.2%

9.4%31.9%

9.0%22.4%

4.1%

7.8% 14.4%

11.8%

9.9%

27.0%

24.8%

34.7%

41.1%

12.2%

17.5%

4.9%


ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF


In 2018, of all referrals for status offenses:

� 74.8 percent (8,598) were male, and 25.2 percent (2,893) were female.

Source: Table 13.

Referrals for Status Offenses, 2018By Gender

In 2018, of the 11,491 referrals for status offenses:

� 5.4 percent (621) were for truancy.

� 13.6 percent (1,564) were for running away.

� 1.7 percent (201) were for violating curfew.

� 1.6 percent (180) were for incorrigibility.

� 77.7 percent (8,925) were for other status offenses.

Referrals for Status Offenses, 2018By Category


20

Status Offense Referrals

OTHERSTATUS

OFFENSES77.7%

RUNAWAY13.6%

TRUANCY5.4%

CURFEW1.7%INCORRIGIBLE

1.6%

MALE74.8%

FEMALE25.2%

Referrals

Source: Table 13.


� 0.5 percent (57) were juveniles under 12 years of age.

� 17.4 percent (2,000) were juveniles in the 12–14 age group.



Referrals for Status Offenses, 2018By Age Group

Referrals for Status Offenses, 2018By Race/Ethnic Group


� 17.7 percent (2,039) were white.

� 56.1 percent (6,451) were Hispanic.

� 20.5 percent (2,361) were black.

� 5.6 percent (640) were from other race/ethnic groups.

Source: Table 13.

21

Status Offense Referrals

UNDER120.5%

12-1417.4%

18-2417.7%

15-1764.4%

OTHER5.6%

WHITE17.7%BLACK

20.5%

HISPANIC56.1%


NOTDETAINED69.4%

DETAINED30.6%

00 100SECURE

FACILITY

93.8%2.6%

3.6%NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION

Detentions, 2018Gender by Detention Type

In 2018:

� Regardless of gender, the majority of juveniles detained were held in a secure facility.

Source: Table 14.

In 2018, of the 60,308 known pre-adjudication detentions reported:

� 69.4 percent (41,841) of juveniles were not detained.

� 93.8 percent (17,320) of those juveniles detained were in a secure facility.

Detentions, 2018By Type

Source: Table 14.

22

Detentions

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 94.0%3.5%2.5%

93.0%3.2%

PERCENT

3.9%

SECURE FACILITY

NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION

Referrals

In 2018:

� At least 90 percent of each age group was detained in a secure facility.

Source: Table 14.

Detentions, 2018Age Group by Detention Type

Detentions, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Detention Type

Source: Table 14.

In 2018:

� Regardless of race/ethnic group, the majority of detained juveniles were in a secure facility.

23

Detentions

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

90.7%

4.9%91.4%

3.5%94.0%

2.4%95.5%

3.8%

2.5%

2.1%

SECURE FACILITY

NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION

5.6%3.7%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

4.9%92.1%

3.9%93.4%

2.1%96.3%

3.9%91.0%

3.0%

2.7%

1.6%

5.1%

SECURE FACILITY

NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION


Probation Department Dispositions, 2018Gender by Disposition Type

Source: Table 14.Note: “Transferred” includes the dispositions of traffic court, deported, and transferred.

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of males received petitions filed to proceed to juvenile court than females (58.1 vs. 45.4 percent, respectively).

� A greater percentage of females received diversion or were closed at intake than males (10.2 and 38.4 vs. 6.4 and 31.1 percent, respectively).

Probation Department Dispositions, 2018By Type

In 2018, of the 65,020 referrals handled by probation departments:

� 55.0 percent (35,760) resulted in a petition being filed.

� 32.9 percent (21,395) were closed at intake.

� 1.7 percent (1,135) received informal probation.

� 7.3 percent (4,754) received diversion.

� 3.0 percent (1,976) were transferred.


24

Probation Department Dispositions

PETITIONS FILED55.0%

TRANSFERRED3.0%

INFORMALPROBATION1.7%

DIVERSION7.3%

CLOSEDAT INTAKE32.9%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 58.1%6.4%1.6%

45.4%2.2%

PERCENT

10.2%

PETITION FILED

CLOSED AT INTAKE

INFORMAL PROBATION

TRANSFERRED DIVERSION

31.1%

38.4%

2.8%

3.8%

Referrals

Probation Department Dispositions, 2018Age Group by Disposition Type

In 2018:

� More than one-half (56.5 percent) of juveniles in the 15–17 age group had petitions filed in juvenile court.

� The proportion of juveniles having petitions filed increased with age. Conversely, the proportions being closed at intake, receiving informal probation, and diversion decreased with age.


In 2018:

� Black and Hispanic juveniles had a greater percentage of petitions filed (62.6 and 56.1 percent, respectively) than white and "other" juveniles (46.0 and 48.5 percent, respectively).

� White and "other" juveniles had a larger percentage of petitions closed at intake (37.4 and 34.6 percent, respectively) than Hispanic and black juveniles (32.4 and 29.6 percent, respectively).

Probation Department Dispositions, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Disposition Type


25

Probation Department Dispositions

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

2.0%12.1%

2.0%41.5%

6.1%56.5%

2.0%70.4%

3.6%

3.1%

1.6%

0.4%

62.7%

39.1%

32.2%

25.0%

19.6%

14.4%

2.3%

3.6%

PETITION FILED

CLOSED AT INTAKE

INFORMAL PROBATION


0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

5.4%46.0%

2.6%56.1%

4.9%62.6%

4.3%48.5%

2.3%

1.7%

1.2%

2.2%

37.4%

32.4%

29.6%

34.6%

9.0%

7.2%

10.5%

1.7%

PETITION FILED

CLOSED AT INTAKE

INFORMAL PROBATION


26


In the juvenile justice system, a case may be handled informally by the probation department or formally by the juvenile court. If the case proceeds for formal processing, the district attorney files a petition with the juvenile court to initiate court action.

There are two types of petitions filed in juvenile court: new and subsequent. The term “new petition” applies to a juvenile who is not being supervised by the probation department and is typically a first-time offender. The term “subsequent petition” applies to a juvenile who is currently being supervised by the probation department and subsequently re-offends.

This section examines petitions by gender, age group, race/ethnic group, offense, fitness hearings, and disposition.

The data used in this section originated from 56 participating county probation departments (Lassen and Sierra Counties are not included*). This information was routed to the DOJ from petitions reported in the JCPSS (see Appendix 2).

27

Note: Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.


Petitions


Source: Table 17.

In 2018, of the 35,760 reported petitions filed in juvenile court:

� 53.3 percent (19,077) were new petitions.

� 46.7 percent (16,683) were subsequent petitions.

Petitions Filed, 2018By Type

28

Petition Type

NEW53.3%

SUBSEQUENT46.7%

Petitions

Source: Table 17.

In 2018, of the 53,720 petitioned offenses filed:

� 43.7 percent (23,474) were for felonies.

� 40.2 percent (21,614) were for misdemeanors.

� 16.1 percent (8,632) were for status offenses.

Petitions Filed, 2018By Offense Level

29

Note: As many as five offenses can be reported for each petition filed. Consequently, the number of petition offenses is higher than the number of petitions.

Petition Level

FELONY43.7%

MISDEMEANOR40.2%

STATUSOFFENSES 16.1%


Source: Table 18.

In 2018, of the 23,474 petitioned felony offenses filed in juvenile court:



� 3.3 percent (785) were for drug offenses.

� 30.4 percent (7,126) were for other felony offenses.

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2018By Category

Source: Table 18.

In 2018:

� Females had a larger percentage of petitions filed for violent offenses (44.0 percent) than males (36.9 percent).

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2018Gender by Category

30

Felony Petitions

VIOLENTOFFENSES37.9%

OTHEROFFENSES30.4%

PROPERTYOFFENSES28.4%

DRUGOFFENSES3.3%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 36.9% 3.2%27.7%

44.0% 32.2%

PERCENT

19.7%4.1%

32.2%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

Petitions

Source: Table 18.

In 2018:

� The 15-17 age group had a greater percentage of property offenses than any other age group.

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2018Age Group by Category

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2018:

� Black juveniles had a greater percentage of petitions filed for felony violent offenses and a smaller percentage for felony drug offenses than any other race/ethnic group.

Source: Table 18.

31

Felony Petitions

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

46.6%29.3%

24.2%40.5%

30.0%37.1%

24.8%39.7%

1.2%34.1%

29.5%

30.5%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

3.4%

5.0%

20.7%3.4%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

33.9%32.6%

26.3%35.3%

32.2%46.5%

25.3%37.0%

3.3%

4.6%33.7%

20.7%

33.9%

0.6%

3.7%

30.2%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES


Source: Table 18.

In 2018, of the 21,614 petitioned misdemeanor offenses filed in juvenile court:





� 28.4 percent (6,137) were for other misdemeanors offenses.

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2018By Category

Source: Table 18.

In 2018:

� Males had petitions filed for misdemeanor malicious mischief offenses at a greater percentage than females (14.0 vs. 9.5 percent, respectively).

� Females had petitions filed for misdemeanor assault and battery offenses at a greater percentage than males (47.5 vs. 36.0 percent, respectively).

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2018Gender by Category

32

Misdemeanor Petitions

ASSAULTAND

BATTERY38.8%

ALLOTHER28.4%

THEFT9.8%

DRUG ANDALCOHOL


10.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 36.0% 10.4%9.3%

47.5% 11.2%

PERCENT

9.5%9.3%

14.0%

22.5%

30.3%


ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

Petitions

In 2018:

� The proportions of petitions filed for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses increased with age.

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2018Age Group by Category

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of white juveniles had petitions filed for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses (13.3 percent) than did any other race/ethnic group.

� A greater percentage of black juveniles had petitions filed for misdemeanor assault and battery offenses (46.2 percent) than did any other race/ethnic group.

Source: Table 18.

Source: Table 18.

33

Misdemeanor Petitions

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

27.1%35.6%

9.3%48.1%

10.0%38.9%

9.5%27.7%

2.8%14.7%

12.9%

10.7%

10.2%

18.1%


ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

30.5%

25.0%

28.0%

34.0%

1.7%5.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

13.0% 28.0%35.7%

8.3%37.9%

14.2%46.2%

10.3%35.8%

13.3%

10.9% 13.1%

12.6% 23.4%

12.5% 31.2%

3.6%

10.2%

10.0%


ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

29.7%



In 2018, of the 8,632 petitioned status offenses reported:

� 2.1 percent (183) were for truancy.

� 0.0 percent (4) were for running away.

� 0.1 percent (8) were for violating curfew.

� 0.2 percent (14) were for incorrigibility.

� 97.6 percent (8,423) were for other status offenses, the majority of which were violations of court orders.

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2018By Category

Source: Table 23.

In 2018:

� 78.7 percent (6,792) of petitions for status offenses were male.

� 21.3 percent (1,840) of petitions for status offenses were female.

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2018By Gender

34

Status Offense Petitions

OTHERSTATUS

OFFENSES97.6%

TRUANCY2.1%

INCORRIGIBLE0.2%

CURFEW0.1%

MALE78.7%

FEMALE21.3%

Petitions

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2018By Age Group

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2018By Race/Ethnic Group

In 2018:

� 16.5 percent (1,427) of those petitioned for status offenses were white.

� 54.7 percent (4,726) of those petitioned for status offenses were Hispanic.

� 23.4 percent (2,023) of those petitioned for status offenses were black.

� 5.3 percent (456) of those petitioned for status offenses were from other race/ethnic groups.

Source: Table 23.

In 2018:

� Two petitions for status offenses were filed for juveniles under the age of 12.

� 11.1 percent (959) of petitions for status offenses were juveniles in the 12–14 age group.

� 66.8 percent (5,765) of petitions for status offenses were juveniles in the 15–17 age group.

� 22.1 percent (1,906) of petitions for status offenses were juveniles in the 18–24 age group.

Source: Table 23.

35

Status Offense Petitions

12-1411.1%

18-2422.1%

15-1766.8%

OTHER5.3%

WHITE16.5%

BLACK23.4%

HISPANIC54.7%


NOT REPRESENTED

1.7%

REPRESENTED98.3%

0 100PRIVATE COUNSEL

70.4%15.9%7.1%

6.6%COURT-APPOINTED COUNSEL

PUBLIC DEFENDER

OTHER

Defense Representation, 2018Gender by Type

In 2018, of the 27,648 juveniles represented by counsel:

� A greater percentage of males were represented by private counsel than females (7.6 vs. 5.2 percent, respectively).

� A greater percentage of females were represented by a public defender than males (76.0 vs. 69.0 percent, respectively).

Source: Table 19.

Source: Table 19.

Defense Representation, 2018By Type

In 2018, of the 28,120 known defense representations reported:

� 98.3 percent (27,648) of the juveniles were represented by counsel.

� 70.4 percent (19,457) of those juveniles were represented by a public defender.

36

Defense Representation

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE7.6%

69.0%16.3%

5.2%14.2%

PERCENT

PRIVATE COUNSEL

COURT-APPOINTED COUNSEL

PUBLIC DEFENDER OTHER

4.6%76.0%

7.1%

Petitions

In 2018:

� Juveniles under 12 had a higher percentage (23.8) of court-appointed counsel compared to the other age groups.

Defense Representation, 2018Age Group by Type

Source: Table 19.

In 2018:

� Regardless of race/ethnic group, the majority of juveniles were represented by a public defender.

Defense Representation, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Type

Source: Table 19.

37

Defense Representation

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

1.9%9.4%

14.2%7.2%

23.3%3.8%

12.8%12.3%

75.2%

72.5% 6.0%

12.9%

2.6%

60.0%

72.3%

13.6%

PRIVATE COUNSEL



0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

15.3%5.9%

16.5%

13.7%9.2%

66.7%

75.2% 3.6%

7.1%

7.5%

69.5%

69.7%

23.8%

PRIVATE COUNSEL



9.5%

6.9%


Source: Table 27.

In 2018, of the 161 fitness hearings reported:

� 47.8 percent (77) were determined to be unfit for juvenile court and were transferred to adult court for trial.

� 52.2 percent (84) were determined to be fit and remained in the juvenile system.

Source: Table 27.

Fitness Hearings, 2018By Outcome

Fitness Hearings, 2018Gender by Outcome

In 2018:

� 47.7 percent of males and 50.0 percent of females were found to be unfit to remain in the jurisdiction of juvenile court.

38

Fitness Hearings

UNFIT47.8%

FIT52.2%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 52.3% 47.7%

50.0%

PERCENT

FIT UNFIT

50.0%

Petitions

Fitness Hearings, 2018Age by Outcome

Fitness Hearings, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Outcome

In 2018:

� As juveniles increased in age, they were increasingly found to be unfit for juvenile court.

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of Hispanic juveniles (52.5 percent) were found to be unfit for juvenile court compared to different race/ethnic groupings.

Source: Table 27.

Source: Table 27.

39

Fitness Hearings

0 20 40 60 80 100

ALL OTHER

17

16

15

14

PERCENT

25.0%75.0%

39.6%

39.3%

60.4%

60.7%

FIT UNFIT

100%

100%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

46.7%53.3%

52.5%47.5%

43.8%56.3%

23.1%76.9%

FIT UNFIT


Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2018Gender by Type

Source: Table 20.Note: “Other” includes transferred, remanded to adult court, deported, diversion, and deferred entry of judgment.

In 2018:

� Males received a wardship disposition more than females (62.3 vs. 55.0 percent, respectively).

Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2018By Type

In 2018, of the 35,760 juvenile court dispositions:

� 60.8 percent (21,758) resulted in wardship probation.

� 18.1 percent (6,468) were dismissed.

� 7.5 percent (2,678) resulted in informal probation.

� 6.5 percent (2,338) resulted in non-ward probation.

� 7.0 percent (2,518) resulted in other dispositions including transfer, remand to adult court, deportation, diversion, and deferred entry of judgment.


40

Juvenile Court Dispositions

INFORMAL PROBATION7.5%

NON-WARDPROBATION6.5%

OTHER7.0%

WARDSHIP60.8%

DISMISSED18.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 17.6% 6.0%6.9%

20.1%

PERCENT

DISMISSED INFORMAL PROBATION

NON-WARD PROBATION

OTHER WARDSHIP

62.3%

55.0%

7.2%

6.3%8.5%10.0%

Petitions

In 2018:

� Juveniles in the 15–17 age group received a wardship disposition more than juveniles in any other age group.

Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2018Age Group by Type


Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Type

In 2018:

� Hispanic and black juveniles received a greater percentage of wardships than whites or other race/ethnic groups.


41

Juvenile Court Dispositions

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

41.1% 30.1%

17.0% 14.3%

23.3%

53.3%8.3% 7.1%

16.1% 6.4%6.7%

27.3%

63.4%

57.0%

7.3%

4.3%5.5%

5.8%


NON-WARD PROBATION

OTHER WARDSHIP

1.4% 4.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

20.7%8.2%

10.8%

16.7%

52.6%

63.0%

7.8%

6.2%6.8%

18.8% 5.8%4.9%

21.1%

63.9%

50.3%

6.5%

11.6% 7.9%9.2%

7.2%


NON-WARD PROBATION

OTHER WARDSHIP


Wardship Probation, 2018Gender by Placement Type

Source: Table 20.Note: “Other” includes other public and private facilities.

In 2018:

� Males were committed to a secure county facility more than females (30.3 vs. 26.2 percent, respectively).

Wardship Probation, 2018By Placement Type


In 2018, of the 21,758 wardship probation placements:

� 53.6 percent (11,673) returned to their own home or a relative’s home.

� 29.6 percent (6,437) were sent to a secure county facility.

� 2.2 percent (488) were sent to a non-secure facility.

� 1.5 percent (317) were placed with the DJJ.

� 13.1 percent (2,843) were sent to "other" facilities.

42

Wardship Probation

SECURECOUNTY FACILITY29.6%

NON-SECURECOUNTY FACILITY2.2%

DJJ1.5%

OTHER13.1%

HOME53.6%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 53.2%

1.7%55.8%

PERCENT

2.4%

HOME SECURECOUNTY FACILITY

NON-SECURE COUNTYFACILITY

DJJ OTHER

30.3%

26.2%

12.4%1.7%

16.0%0.4%

Petitions

Wardship Probation, 2018Age Group by Placement Type

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of juveniles under 12 were returned to their own home or a relative’s home than any other age group.


Wardship Probation, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Placement Type


In 2018:

� A greater percentage of Hispanic juveniles were committed to a secure county facility than any other race/ethnic group.

43

Wardship Probation

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

70.6%

59.2%

29.4%

25.3% 12.9%

1.0%2.6%

51.3% 30.3% 14.8%

4.6%0.4%

60.1% 29.8% 5.1%



DJJ OTHER

0.3%2.4%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

57.6%

1.5%

2.4%51.6%

2.9%27.4%

33.4%

11.4%

11.0%

2.0%

1.3%53.8% 22.8% 20.1%

0.8%

2.3%66.0% 23.6% 7.3%

0.6%



DJJ OTHER

44


Juveniles can be transferred to the adult justice system for prosecution at the discretion of the district attorney or if they fail a juvenile court fitness hearing. In 2018, probation departments reported 77 remands to the adult system.

The adult-level disposition information in this section pertains to the 179 dispositions received in 2018 and examines adult-level dispositions by gender, age, race/ethnic group, offense, and disposition. The data was obtained from the DOJ’s Criminal History System via a statistical export of dispositions. If a person is arrested for multiple offenses, the export process selects only the most serious offense based on the severity of possible punishment. If there are multiple court dispositions, it then selects the most serious court disposition and the associated offense (see additional data limitations in Appendix 2).

45

Note: Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.



Source: Table 31.

In 2018, of the 179 adult-level court dispositions received:

� 93.3 percent (167) were male.

� 6.7 percent (12) were female.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2018By Gender

Source: Table 31.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2018By Age


� 2.8 percent (5) were 14 years of age at the time of arrest.




46


MALE93.3%

FEMALE6.7%

14 YEARS2.8%

15 YEARS5.0%

17 YEARS61.5%

16 YEARS30.7%


Source: Table 31.


� 17.3 percent (31) were white.

� 55.9 percent (100) were Hispanic.

� 22.3 percent (40) were black.

� 4.5 percent (8) were from other race/ethnic groups.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2018By Race/Ethnic Group

47


OTHER4.5%

WHITE17.3

BLACK22.3%

HISPANIC55.9%


Adult Court Dispositions, 2018Gender by Type of Disposition

In 2018:

� Regardless of gender, juveniles in adult court were convicted in the majority of cases.

Source: Table 30.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2018By Type of Disposition


� 76.5 percent (137) resulted in a conviction.

� 20.7 percent (37) were dismissed.

� 1.7 percent (3) were certified to juvenile court.

� 1.1 percent (2) were acquitted.

Source: Table 30.

48


CONVICTED76.5%CERTIFIED

TO JUVENILE

COURT1.7%

DISMISSED20.7%

ACQUITTED1.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 76.0%

16.7%83.3%

PERCENT

CONVICTED DISMISSED

CERTIFIED TO JUVENILE COURT

ACQUITTED

21.0%1.8%1.2%


Adult Court Dispositions, 2018Age by Type of Disposition

Source: Table 30.

In 2018:

� Regardless of age, juveniles were most likely to be convicted than any other disposition.

Source: Table 30.

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of black and white juveniles received convictions in adult court (82.5 and 77.4 percent, respectively).

Adult Court Dispositions, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Type of Disposition

49


0 20 40 60 80 100

17

16

15

14

PERCENT

60%

77.8%

76.4%

77.3%

21.8%

11.1%

CONVICTED DISMISSED


11.1%

20.0%

ACQUITTED

1.8%0.9%

40%

1.8%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

77.4%

75.0%

82.5%

62.5% 12.5%

CONVICTED DISMISSED


15.0%

22.6%

22.0%

25.0%

2.5%

1.0%2.0%

ACQUITTED


In 2018:

� A greater percentage of convicted males were sent to adult prison or the DJJ than females (70.9 percent vs. 50.0 percent, respectively).

Adult Court Convictions, 2018By Type of Sentence

In 2018, of the 137 convictions received:

� 69.3 percent (95) were sentenced to adult prison or the DJJ.

� 5.1 percent (7) received probation.

� 21.2 percent (29) received probation with jail.

� 2.9 percent (4) received jail.

� 1.5 percent (2) received another sentence.

Source: Table 30.

Adult Court Convictions, 2018Gender by Type of Sentence

Source: Table 30.

50

Convictions

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 70.9%

30.0%50%

PERCENT

4.7%

ADULTPRISON/DJJ

PROBATION PROBATION/ JAIL

JAIL

20.53.1%0.8%

OTHER

10.0%10.0%

ADULT PRISON/

DJJ69.3%

PROBATIONWITH JAIL21.2%

PROBATION5.1%

JAIL2.9%

OTHER1.5%


Adult Court Convictions, 2018Age by Type of Sentence

In 2018:

� Sixteen year old juveniles convicted in adult court were sentenced to adult prison or the DJJ more than any other age group.

Source: Table 30.

Source: Table 30.

In 2018:

� A greater percentage of Hispanic, white, and "other" juveniles were sentenced to adult prison or the DJJ than black juveniles.

Adult Court Convictions, 2018Race/Ethnic Group by Type of Sentence

51

Convictions

0 20 40 60 80 100

17

16

15

14

PERCENT

33.3%

63.5% 25.9%

57.1%

85.7%

ADULTPRISON/DJJ


JAIL OTHER

42.9%

2.4%

4.7% 4.7%1.2%

33.3% 33.3%

4.8% 7.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

66.7% 25.0%

60.0%

4.2%

76.0% 16.0% 2.7%

57.6% 27.3%

5.3%

ADULTPRISON/DJJ


JAIL OTHER

6.1%6.1%

40.0%

3.0%

4.2%


52

54

46,4

2333

,559

12,8

6463

612

,186

33,6

019,

191

24,6

969,

738

2,79

817

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1,55

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568

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44

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

37.2

42.1

24.5

36.2

34.8

38.1

29.2

35.8

48.6

35.8

52.2

49.6

58.9

52.7

55.6

50.9

58.2

52.6

43.6

58.1

10.6

8.4

16.6

11.2

9.6

11.0

12.6

11.5

7.8

6.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

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0.0

100.

010

0.0

81.6

83.1

77.7

73.4

79.6

82.5

80.5

81.7

82.0

82.7

16.4

14.9

20.6

24.5

18.5

15.6

17.5

16.3

16.0

15.7

2.0

2.0

1.8

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Not

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ntag

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ay n

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.0 b

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Tabl

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JUVE

NIL

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RES

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Gen

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Age

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up, a

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3,82

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354

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437,

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5,35

313

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214

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4,26

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2,78

91,

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1,11

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2,06

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11,

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212

4,39

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1,27

828

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3,47

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2,63

324

329

72,

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924

1,99

163

31,

546

619

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6,02

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1,52

384

1,46

84,

474

1,27

43,

202

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952

14,

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2,80

32,

132

711,

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3,69

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2,84

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9

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.327

.71.

426

.272

.419

.853

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.06.

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0.0

81.7

18.3

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51.2

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100.

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.949

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100.

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.217

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85.1

14.9

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.722

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.56.

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0.0

63.3

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100.

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0.0

70.9

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.824

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731

.267

.121

.352

.120

.95.

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53.1

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8.6

100.

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.843

.21.

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.874

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.715

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4N

ote:

Per

cent

ages

may

not

add

to 1

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bec

ause

of r

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12-1

4 U

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12

Tabl

e 2

JUVE

NIL

E AR

RES

TS, 2

018

Blac

k

St

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……

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Offe

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Leve

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Cat

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……

56

46,4

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6463

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738

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817

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4,24

112

,794

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28,

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4,73

41,

002

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05,

902

1,41

890

1,93

95,

291

1,09

33,

625

2,21

338

94,

800

3,82

797

354

1,13

63,

610

727

2,36

81,

459

246

487

422

652

6542

084

334

3930

4,65

83,

962

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841,

101

3,47

377

82,

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1,02

333

724

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16,6

437,

580

335

6,77

117

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5,35

313

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4,24

31,

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8,04

95,

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2,95

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52,

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4,26

31,

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2,06

056

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356

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3,47

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220

2,63

324

329

72,

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971

751

924

1,99

163

31,

546

619

168

6,02

64,

503

1,52

384

1,46

84,

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1,27

43,

202

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952

14,

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2,80

32,

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3,69

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2,84

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314

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2,35

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1,27

548

610

1,70

167

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397

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75

138

515

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428

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196

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964

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1528

91,

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233

830

238

38

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

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100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

42.4

41.8

45.0

39.1

45.7

41.4

40.8

41.0

46.7

38.8

27.8

27.1

30.9

23.5

26.8

28.2

27.1

26.8

30.8

24.6

2.8

3.0

2.1

0.9

1.5

3.3

3.1

3.8

0.8

3.0

27.0

28.1

22.1

36.5

26.0

27.1

29.0

28.5

21.6

33.6

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

33.2

30.6

38.9

43.3

41.2

29.9

31.1

32.8

39.9

26.4

11.5

10.1

14.6

8.1

10.4

12.0

10.5

10.4

15.6

13.0

18.1

18.7

16.9

8.4

13.1

20.3

22.8

20.3

5.7

18.3

12.2

13.5

9.5

15.2

13.6

11.6

11.8

11.9

14.6

10.3

24.9

27.1

20.1

25.1

21.7

26.1

23.8

24.6

24.3

32.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

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0.0

100.

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7.8

8.7

6.6

1.4

7.0

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4.7

9.9

4.1

9.5

47.8

38.7

59.8

67.6

52.0

46.1

58.6

42.7

52.2

40.8

13.3

15.0

11.1

7.0

11.8

14.0

10.9

15.0

8.3

24.3

4.0

3.2

4.9

2.8

4.7

3.8

5.7

3.3

4.2

3.0

27.1

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es m

ay n

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dd to

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Tabl

e 3

JUVE

NIL

E AR

RES

TS, 2

018

Gen

der,

Age

Gro

up, a

nd R

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nic

Gro

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up

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vel a

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Und

er 1

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nic

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e 4

JUVE

NIL

E FE

LON

Y AR

RES

TS, 2

018

Tota

l……

……

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……

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lent

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egor

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Age

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up, R

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58

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er 1

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Ref

erre

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posi

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nC

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and

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c

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k

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ale

JUVE

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E FE

LON

Y AR

RES

TS, 2

018

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ther

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nies

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Tabl

e 4

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tinue

d

Turn

edov

er

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icle

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59

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over

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rug

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Tabl

e 5

JUVE

NIL

E M

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EMEA

NO

R A

RR

ESTS

, 201

8C

ateg

ory

and

Offe

nse

by G

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r, Ag

e G

roup

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Gro

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nd L

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men

t dis

posi

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e/et

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gro

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ende

r To

tal

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y an

d of

fens

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nsel

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cB

lack

prob

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nO

ther

Ref

erre

d to

15-

17

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mal

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12

12-1

4

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eft …

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l……

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ber

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stitu

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TS, 2

018

Cat

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Per

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Tabl

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JUVE

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RES

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013-

2018

Offe

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Not

es:

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man

y as

five

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nses

can

be

repo

rted

for e

ach

refe

rral

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onse

quen

tly, t

he n

umbe

r of r

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ral o

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hig

her t

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ber o

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ls.

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cent

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may

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ause

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cent

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cula

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l……

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roup

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omic

ide…

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ence

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68

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Tabl

e 12

JUVE

NIL

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EMEA

NO

R R

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OFF

ENSE

S, 2

018

Cat

egor

y an

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12

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8-24

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pani

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I

ndec

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ure.

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lism

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Tabl

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S, 2

018

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JUVE

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201

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e 16

PRO

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DEP

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201

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cent

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1 As

man

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nses

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ently

, the

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r tha

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18-2

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hite

12-1

4

Sta

tus…

……

……

……

…

Tabl

e 17

JUVE

NIL

E PE

TITI

ON

S FI

LED

, 201

8G

ende

r, Ag

e G

roup

, and

Rac

e/Et

hnic

Gro

up b

y Pe

titio

n Ty

pe a

nd O

ffens

e Le

vel

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der

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grou

pR

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ethn

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ther

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e

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53,7

2043

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10,5

5411

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7420

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3,39

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374

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61,

407

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407

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750

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119

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288

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534

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564

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42

4056

417

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558

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517,

126

6,44

368

327

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64,

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21,

176

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31,

271

466

21,6

1416

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5,24

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3,53

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94,

218

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333,

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48,

384

5,89

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211,

703

5,81

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71,

506

4,64

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728

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2,11

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526

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492

290

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1,01

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180

1,69

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1,52

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339

133

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299

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427

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926

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880

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598

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100.

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37.9

36.9

44.0

29.3

40.5

37.1

39.7

32.6

35.3

46.5

37.0

28.4

27.7

32.2

20.7

24.2

30.0

24.8

30.2

26.3

32.2

25.3

3.3

3.2

4.1

3.4

1.2

3.4

5.0

3.3

4.6

0.6

3.7

30.4

32.2

19.7

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29.5

30.5

33.9

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311

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2.5

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0.1

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0.0

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0.0

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tly, t

he n

umbe

r of o

ffens

es is

hig

her t

han

the

num

ber o

f pet

ition

s.

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cent

ages

may

not

add

to 1

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ther

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w…

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corr

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Tabl

e 18

JUVE

NIL

E PE

TITI

ON

ED O

FFEN

SES

FILE

D, 2

018

Gen

der,

Age

Gro

up, a

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by

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333

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Age

grou

p

Tabl

e 19

DEF

ENSE

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RES

ENTA

TIO

N, 2

018

Gen

der,

Age

Gro

up, a

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55.8

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60.1

57.6

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29.6

30.3

26.2

29.4

25.3

30.3

29.8

27.4

33.4

22.8

23.6

2.2

2.4

1.7

0.0

2.4

2.6

0.4

2.9

2.4

1.3

2.3

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.0

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.7

0.2

0.1

0.7

10.8

10.3

13.4

0.0

11.0

12.5

2.9

8.4

9.6

16.4

4.9

1.5

1.7

0.4

0.0

0.3

1.0

4.6

0.6

1.5

2.0

0.8

2.0

1.9

2.2

0.0

1.7

2.0

2.1

2.4

1.3

3.5

1.8

Not

e: P

erce

ntag

es m

ay n

ot a

dd to

100

.0 b

ecau

se o

f rou

ndin

g.

Gen

der

Tabl

e 20

JUVE

NIL

E C

OU

RT

DIS

POSI

TIO

NS,

201

8G

ende

r, Ag

e G

roup

, and

Rac

e/Et

hnic

Gro

up b

y C

ourt

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posi

tion

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tion

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mal

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ethn

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ande

d to

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lt co

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ted…

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ty fa

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y…..…

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lity…

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ther

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ate

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lity…

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…

78

23,4

7420

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3,47

258

3,39

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3,54

83,

471

12,4

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142

1,37

3

8,90

47,

378

1,52

617

1,37

46,

106

1,40

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132

4,40

72,

857

508

306

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220

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715

529

206

5516

122

120

20

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3826

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599

3,11

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2,61

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224

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537

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DEF

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TIO

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84

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Das

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Tabl

e 25

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POSI

TIO

NS,

201

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Dis

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by G

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……

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196

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8,05

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569

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4931

730

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100.

095

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80.0

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ay n

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lity…

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cilit

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2

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l……

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e……

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cilit

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tice…

Tabl

e 26

WAR

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IP P

RO

BAT

ION

PLA

CEM

ENTS

, 201

8Pl

acem

ent T

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by G

ende

r, Ag

e G

roup

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Gro

up

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l……

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der

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grou

pR

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ther

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pani

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rivat

e fa

cilit

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er…

……

……

……

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ent

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n/re

lativ

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hom

e……

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-sec

ure

coun

ty fa

cilit

y….…

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ure

coun

ty fa

cilit

y……

..…

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er p

ublic

faci

lity…

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n of

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k

86

161

153

84

416

4889

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60.4

39.3

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47.5

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76.9

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52.5

43.8

23.1

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es:

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cent

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may

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bec

ause

of r

ound

ing.

Tota

l

Tota

l……

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ing

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ent

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Age

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14

Num

ber

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e/et

hnic

gro

up

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kO

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All o

ther

Whi

teH

ispa

nic

Tabl

e 27

FITN

ESS

HEA

RIN

GS,

201

8G

ende

r, Ag

e, a

nd R

ace/

Ethn

ic G

roup

by

Out

com

e

Gen

der

Mal

e15

Out

com

e17

16

87

161

153

84

416

4889

1510

132

1315

014

46

43

1344

8614

9528

1350

473

00

312

355

337

51

10

00

00

10

10

037

370

11

610

192

219

527

270

01

111

144

174

23

30

00

00

31

11

08

80

11

02

41

61

01

10

00

01

00

01

01

01

00

00

10

01

03

30

00

02

10

21

02

20

00

02

01

01

05

41

20

21

00

32

012

111

00

13

80

110

15

41

00

13

11

22

02

11

00

11

01

10

02

20

00

02

00

02

01

10

00

00

10

10

06

51

01

21

20

42

0(c

ontin

ued)

Gen

der

Oth

erBl

ack

K

idna

ppin

g……

……

……

……

R

obbe

ry…

……

……

……

……

…

16

Tabl

e 28

FITN

ESS

HEA

RIN

G O

FFEN

SES,

201

8

Tota

l……

……

……

……

……

……

Fel

ony

offe

nses

……

……

……

…

Cat

egor

y an

d O

ffens

e by

Gen

der,

Age,

and

Rac

e/Et

hnic

Gro

up

Age

R

ace/

ethn

ic g

roup

B

urgl

ary…

……

……

……

……

…

Sta

tus

offe

nses

……

……

……

.

A

ssau

lt an

d ba

ttery

……

……

O

ther

thef

t……

……

……

……

Tota

l

A

ll ot

her m

isde

mea

nors

……

Cat

egor

y an

d of

fens

e

H

omic

ide…

……

……

……

……

M

otor

veh

icle

thef

t……

……

…

Fem

ale

R

ape…

……

……

……

……

……

Num

ber

15H

ispa

nic

17

Mis

dem

eano

r offe

nses

……

……

O

ther

felo

nies

……

……

……

…

L

ewd

or la

sciv

ious

……

……

…

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er s

ex…

……

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W

eapo

ns…

……

……

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Whi

te

1

4 Al

l oth

er

A

ssau

lt……

……

……

……

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Mal

e

T

heft…

……

……

……

……

……

88

100.

095

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02.

52.

59.

929

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362

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110

0.0

96.0

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63.3

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8.7

100.

094

.06.

00.

00.

06.

024

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.010

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0.0

100.

00.

00.

00.

00.

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010

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100.

00.

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010

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100.

00.

02.

72.

716

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456

.824

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0.0

100.

00.

00.

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410

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100.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

010

0.0

33.3

33.3

33.3

0.0

100.

010

0.0

0.0

12.5

12.5

0.0

25.0

50.0

12.5

75.0

12.5

0.0

100.

010

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

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100.

00.

00.

00.

010

0.0

0.0

100.

00.

010

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0.0

0.0

0.0

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100.

00.

00.

010

0.0

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100.

010

0.0

0.0

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33.3

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66.7

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100.

010

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

100.

00.

050

.00.

050

.00.

010

0.0

80.0

20.0

40.0

0.0

40.0

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0.0

0.0

60.0

40.0

0.0

100.

091

.78.

30.

00.

08.

325

.066

.70.

091

.70.

08.

310

0.0

80.0

20.0

0.0

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40.0

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050

.050

.00.

00.

050

.050

.00.

050

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00.

010

0.0

100.

00.

00.

00.

00.

010

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

100.

00.

010

0.0

100.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

010

0.0

0.0

100.

00.

00.

010

0.0

83.3

16.7

0.0

16.7

33.3

16.7

33.3

0.0

66.7

33.3

0.0

Not

es:

Per

cent

ages

may

not

add

to 1

00.0

bec

ause

of r

ound

ing.

O

ther

thef

t……

……

……

……

Sta

tus

offe

nses

……

……

……

.

All

othe

r mis

dem

eano

rs…

…

L

ewd

or la

sciv

ious

……

……

…

Oth

er s

ex…

……

……

……

……

W

eapo

ns…

……

……

……

……

O

ther

felo

nies

……

……

……

… M

isde

mea

nor o

ffens

es…

……

…

Ass

ault

and

batte

ry…

……

…

Age

R

ace/

ethn

ic g

roup

B

urgl

ary…

……

……

……

……

…

The

ft……

……

……

……

……

…

Mot

or v

ehic

le th

eft…

……

……

Fel

ony

offe

nses

……

……

……

…

Hom

icid

e……

……

……

……

…

Rap

e……

……

……

……

……

…

Rob

bery

……

……

……

……

……

A

ssau

lt……

……

……

……

……

1516

K

idna

ppin

g……

……

……

……

Blac

kO

ther

Perc

ent

Tota

l……

……

……

……

……

……

Cat

egor

y an

d of

fens

eTo

tal

Gen

der

Mal

e17

All o

ther

Whi

teH

ispa

nic

Fem

ale

14 Ta

ble

28 -

cont

inue

dFI

TNES

S H

EAR

ING

OFF

ENSE

S, 2

018

Cat

egor

y an

d O

ffens

e by

Gen

der,

Age,

and

Rac

e/Et

hnic

Gro

up

89

2013

-20

17-

Num

ber

Num

ber

Num

ber

Num

ber

Num

ber

Num

ber

2018

2018

111,

988

100.

010

1,53

110

0.0

86,5

3910

0.0

77,5

0910

0.0

71,7

9110

0.0

65,0

2010

0.0

-41.

9-9

.4

41,1

7536

.836

,396

35.8

31,8

3036

.827

,001

34.8

24,6

5134

.321

,395

32.9

-48.

0-1

3.2

1,16

01.

086

90.

963

90.

761

70.

868

31.

059

30.

9-4

8.9

-13.

22,

175

1.9

1,85

11.

81,

706

2.0

1,78

82.

31,

498

2.1

1,38

32.

1-3

6.4

-7.7

633

0.6

474

0.5

492

0.6

340

0.4

00.

00

0.0

--

2,95

72.

62,

733

2.7

2,16

52.

51,

471

1.9

1,21

01.

71,

135

1.7

-61.

6-6

.25,

887

5.3

7,56

37.

45,

600

6.5

5,72

37.

45,

517

7.7

4,75

47.

3-1

9.2

-13.

858

,001

51.8

51,6

4550

.944

,107

51.0

40,5

6952

.338

,232

53.3

35,7

6055

.0-3

8.3

-6.5

8,61

27.

77,

717

7.6

7,35

98.

56,

975

9.0

6,76

29.

46,

468

9.9

-24.

9-4

.31,

449

1.3

1,19

81.

21,

082

1.3

1,04

21.

393

01.

31,

032

1.6

-28.

811

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20.

112

30.

174

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660.

115

80.

277

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9-5

1.3

3,88

73.

53,

956

3.9

2,94

03.

42,

899

3.7

2,86

04.

02,

678

4.1

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1-6

.43,

482

3.1

2,71

72.

72,

404

2.8

2,52

93.

32,

469

3.4

2,33

83.

6-3

2.9

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126

0.1

114

0.1

151

0.2

860.

169

0.1

250.

0-8

0.2

-63.

82,

708

2.4

2,39

42.

41,

650

1.9

1,50

11.

91,

295

1.8

1,38

42.

1-4

8.9

6.9

37,6

1533

.633

,426

32.9

28,4

4732

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,471

32.9

23,6

8933

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,758

33.5

-42.

2-8

.2

19,5

4317

.517

,545

17.3

15,1

7517

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17.2

12,5

3617

.511

,673

18.0

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3-6

.912

,158

10.9

10,3

9410

.28,

580

9.9

7,85

410

.17,

094

9.9

6,43

79.

9-4

7.1

-9.3

738

0.7

551

0.5

587

0.7

488

0.6

513

0.7

488

0.8

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9-4

.912

00.

114

80.

111

30.

111

10.

190

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530.

1-5

5.8

-41.

14,

156

3.7

3,95

13.

93,

272

3.8

2,91

63.

82,

818

3.9

2,35

93.

6-4

3.2

-16.

322

40.

224

10.

221

60.

218

30.

222

40.

331

70.

541

.541

.567

60.

659

60.

650

40.

657

70.

741

40.

643

10.

7-3

6.2

4.1

Dat

a w

ere

repo

rted

by 5

6 co

untie

s in

201

2-20

14, 5

5 co

untie

s in

201

5, 5

4 co

untie

s in

201

6, a

nd 5

6 co

untie

s in

201

7-20

18.

Per

cent

ages

may

not

add

to s

ubto

tals

or 1

00.0

bec

ause

of r

ound

ing.

D

ash

indi

cate

s th

at a

per

cent

cha

nge

was

not

cal

cula

ted.

See

foot

note

#2.

1Tr

ansf

erre

d in

clud

es tr

ansf

erre

d an

d de

porte

d.

2In

Nov

embe

r 201

6, C

alifo

rnia

vot

ers

pass

ed P

ropo

sitio

n 57

whi

ch e

nded

the

proc

ess

of ju

veni

les

bein

g tra

nsfe

rred

dire

ctly

(dire

ct fi

led)

to a

dult

cour

t by

coun

ty p

rose

cuto

rs. F

or a

dditi

onal

info

rmat

ion,

se

e A

ppen

dix

2, D

ata

Lim

itatio

ns.

O

ther

pub

lic fa

cilit

y....

......

......

...

Oth

er p

rivat

e fa

cilit

y....

......

......

..

Div

isio

n of

Juv

enile

Jus

tice.

.....

O

ther

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Not

es:

W

ards

hip

prob

atio

n/D

JJ...

......

......

..

War

dshi

p pl

acem

ents

O

wn/

rela

tive'

s ho

me.

......

......

....

Se

cure

cou

nty

faci

lity.

......

......

...

Non

-sec

ure

coun

ty fa

cilit

y....

....

Tr

ansf

erre

d1 ......

......

......

......

......

.....

R

eman

ded

to a

dult

cour

t.....

......

.....

In

form

al p

roba

tion.

......

......

......

......

.

Non

-war

d pr

obat

ion.

......

......

......

.....

D

iver

sion

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

D

efer

red

entry

of j

udgm

ent..

......

.....

In

form

al p

roba

tion.

......

......

......

......

......

.

Div

ersi

on...

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Petit

ions

file

d....

......

......

......

......

......

......

Juve

nile

cou

rt di

spos

ition

s

Dis

mis

sed.

......

......

......

......

......

......

..

Ref

erra

ls to

pro

batio

n....

......

......

......

......

..

Prob

atio

n di

spos

ition

s

Clo

sed

at in

take

......

......

......

......

......

......

Tr

ansf

erre

d1 ......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

Tr

affic

cou

rt....

......

......

......

......

......

......

..

Dire

ct fi

le -

adul

t cou

rt2 ......

......

......

......

.

Perc

ent c

hang

e

Perc

ent

Perc

ent

Perc

ent

Perc

ent

Perc

ent

Perc

ent

Tabl

e 29

JUVE

NIL

E JU

STIC

E, 2

013-

2018

Ref

erra

ls to

Pro

batio

n by

Pro

batio

n D

ispo

sitio

n, C

ourt

Dis

posi

tion,

and

War

dshi

p P

lace

men

t by

Year

Prob

atio

n di

spos

ition

s,

cour

t dis

posi

tions

, and

war

dshi

p pl

acem

ents

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

90

179

167

125

955

110

3110

040

837

352

21

1222

722

62

33

00

10

20

11

12

20

00

11

02

00

137

127

103

742

8524

7533

513

712

710

37

4285

2475

335

9590

51

436

5416

5719

37

61

10

24

14

20

2926

31

33

226

129

24

40

00

04

12

10

21

10

01

10

02

0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

020

.721

.016

.740

.011

.121

.820

.022

.622

.015

.025

.01.

71.

80.

00.

011

.10.

01.

80.

01.

02.

512

.51.

11.

20.

00.

00.

01.

80.

90.

02.

00.

00.

076

.576

.083

.360

.077

.876

.477

.377

.475

.082

.562

.510

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

69.3

70.9

50.0

33.3

57.1

85.7

63.5

66.7

76.0

57.6

60.0

5.1

4.7

10.0

33.3

0.0

4.8

4.7

4.2

5.3

6.1

0.0

21.2

20.5

30.0

33.3

42.9

7.1

25.9

25.0

16.0

27.3

40.0

2.9

3.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

4.7

4.2

2.7

3.0

0.0

1.5

0.8

10.0

0.0

0.0

2.4

1.2

0.0

0.0

6.1

0.0

Not

e: P

erce

ntag

es m

ay n

ot a

dd to

100

.0 b

ecau

se o

f rou

ndin

g.

Perc

ent

Jail…

……

……

……

……

……

……

Oth

er…

……

……

……

……

……

…

Oth

er…

……

……

……

……

……

…

Tota

l……

……

……

……

……

……

……

Prob

atio

n……

……

……

……

……

Prob

atio

n/ja

il……

……

……

……

…

C

onvi

cted

……

……

……

……

……

Pris

on/D

JJ…

……

……

……

……

Acq

uitte

d……

……

……

……

……

… C

onvi

cted

……

……

……

……

……

…

Dis

mis

sed…

……

……

……

……

……

Cer

tifie

d to

juve

nile

cou

rt……

……

Jail…

……

……

……

……

……

……

Tabl

e 30

ADU

LT C

OU

RT

DIS

POSI

TIO

NS,

201

8G

ende

r, Ag

e, a

nd R

ace/

Ethn

ic G

roup

by

Dis

posi

tion

Age

R

ace/

ethn

ic g

roup

Dis

posi

tion

Oth

erBl

ack

Whi

te15

17Fe

mal

e14

16 G

ende

r M

ale

His

pani

c

Tota

l……

……

……

……

……

……

……

Num

ber

Tota

l

Prob

atio

n/ja

il……

……

……

……

…

Dis

mis

sed…

……

……

……

……

……

Cer

tifie

d to

juve

nile

cou

rt……

……

Pris

on/D

JJ…

……

……

……

……

Acq

uitte

d……

……

……

……

……

…

Prob

atio

n……

……

……

……

……

Con

vict

ed…

……

……

……

……

……

C

onvi

cted

……

……

……

……

……

91

179

167

125

955

110

3110

040

837

352

21

1222

722

62

33

00

10

20

11

12

20

00

11

02

00

137

127

103

742

8524

7533

513

712

710

37

4285

2475

335

9590

51

436

5416

5719

37

61

10

24

14

20

2926

31

33

226

129

24

40

00

04

12

10

21

10

01

10

02

0

100.

093

.36.

72.

85.

030

.761

.517

.355

.922

.34.

510

0.0

94.6

5.4

5.4

2.7

32.4

59.5

18.9

59.5

16.2

5.4

100.

010

0.0

0.0

0.0

33.3

0.0

66.7

0.0

33.3

33.3

33.3

100.

010

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100.

00.

00.

010

0.0

92.7

7.3

2.2

5.1

30.7

62.0

17.5

54.7

24.1

3.6

100.

092

.77.

32.

25.

130

.762

.017

.554

.724

.13.

610

0.0

94.7

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37.9

56.8

16.8

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20.0

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100.

085

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.314

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028

.657

.114

.357

.128

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89.7

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75.9

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025

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0N

ote:

Per

cent

ages

may

not

add

to 1

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bec

ause

of r

ound

ing.

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er…

……

……

……

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l……

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tifie

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ed…

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obat

ion/

jail…

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uitte

d……

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cted

……

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on/D

JJ…

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mis

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……

……

……

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…

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atio

n……

……

……

……

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ent

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uitte

d……

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vict

ed…

……

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atio

n/ja

il……

……

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er…

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cted

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on/D

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rt……

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l……

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……

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erBl

ack

17

Dis

mis

sed…

……

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Num

ber

His

pani

c

Tabl

e 31

ADU

LT C

OU

RT

DIS

POSI

TIO

NS,

201

8D

ispo

sitio

n by

Gen

der,

Age,

and

Rac

e/Et

hnic

Gro

up A

ge

Rac

e/et

hnic

gro

up G

ende

r To

tal

Dis

posi

tion

Mal

eFe

mal

e14

Whi

te15

16

92

179

167

125

955

110

3110

040

815

914

910

59

5293

2689

368

2018

20

03

175

114

0

159

149

105

952

9326

8936

811

110

56

36

3864

1271

235

1615

11

06

93

49

03

21

00

03

03

00

2927

21

38

1711

114

3

2018

20

03

175

114

02

20

00

11

02

00

43

10

00

41

12

014

131

00

212

48

20

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

0.0

100.

010

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100.

088

.889

.283

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0.0

100.

094

.584

.583

.989

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.010

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11.2

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16.7

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5.5

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16.1

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010

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100.

010

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010

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100.

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100.

010

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100.

069

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.168

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011

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310

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010

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0N

ote:

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cent

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bec

ause

of r

ound

ing.

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er o

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mea

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…

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y of

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……

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ffens

es…

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erty

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nses

……

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ult a

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ry…

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ony…

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isde

mea

nor…

……

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ent o

ffens

es…

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g of

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ther

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l ……

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c17

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ale

1415

16

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ony…

……

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isde

mea

nor…

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Tabl

e 32

ADU

LT C

OU

RT

DIS

POSI

TIO

NS,

201

8

Tota

l ……

……

……

……

……

…

Gen

der,

Age,

and

Rac

e/Et

hnic

Gro

up b

y O

ffens

e Le

vel a

nd C

ateg

ory

Age

W

hite

Rac

e/et

hnic

gro

up

Num

ber

Tota

lBl

ack

Offe

nse

leve

l and

cat

egor

yO

ther

Gen

der

Mal

e

93

159

100.

014

9

93

.710

6.

35

3.

19

5.

752

32.7

93

58

.526

16.4

89

56

.036

22.6

85.

0

111

100.

010

5

94

.66

5.

43

2.

76

5.

438

34.2

64

57

.712

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71

64

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20.7

54.

5

21

10

0.0

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90

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9.

50

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1

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61

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5

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79

29

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2

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17

54

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026

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025

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0

Tabl

e 33

Pris

on...

......

......

......

......

......

.....

ADU

LT C

OU

RT

DIS

POSI

TIO

NS

FOR

FEL

ON

Y O

FFEN

SES,

201

8O

ffens

e, D

ispo

sitio

n, a

nd T

ype

of S

ente

nce

by G

ende

r, A

ge, a

nd R

ace/

Eth

nic

Gro

upR

ace/

ethn

ic g

roup

Num

ber

Num

ber

Oth

erN

umbe

rP

erce

ntW

hite

His

pani

cB

lack

Num

ber

17N

umbe

rP

erce

ntP

erce

nt

Gen

der

Offe

nse,

dis

posi

tion,

and

type

of s

ente

nce

Tota

l

Num

ber

Per

cent

Fem

ale

Mal

e A

ge

C

onvi

cted

......

......

......

......

......

....

Num

ber

Num

ber

Per

cent

14

A

cqui

tted.

......

......

......

......

......

....

Hom

icid

e....

......

......

......

......

......

...

Num

ber

16P

erce

ntN

umbe

r15

Per

cent

D

ism

isse

d....

......

......

......

......

.....

Tota

l.....

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

Vio

lent

offe

nses

......

......

......

......

....

(con

tinue

d)

Per

cent

Num

ber

Per

cent

Per

cent

Rob

bery

......

......

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......

......

......

...

C

onvi

cted

......

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on...

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cent

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tted.

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on...

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er...

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lt....

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Statewide 14,056,204 3,883,303 7,099,850 785,223 2,287,828 0 - 9 5,031,272 1,375,819 2,593,451 257,030 804,972 10 531,984 130,203 289,671 28,500 83,610 11 534,724 131,925 289,809 28,533 84,457 12 525,785 132,964 281,590 27,968 83,263 13 520,002 132,996 274,960 27,269 84,777 14 515,611 135,253 269,119 27,324 83,915 15 535,722 141,254 278,426 28,765 87,277 16 527,532 139,889 273,482 29,555 84,606 17 538,386 143,749 276,530 30,231 87,876 18-25 4,795,186 1,419,251 2,272,812 300,048 803,075

Male 7,235,191 2,010,993 3,642,536 407,456 1,174,206 0 - 9 2,588,120 709,608 1,331,443 130,932 416,137 10 272,369 66,880 148,303 14,403 42,783 11 273,895 67,888 148,242 14,646 43,119 12 269,091 68,650 143,820 14,204 42,417 13 265,954 68,427 140,463 13,955 43,109 14 263,744 69,767 137,258 14,011 42,708 15 273,908 72,575 142,132 14,770 44,431 16 269,997 72,340 139,286 15,241 43,130 17 275,613 74,124 140,982 15,499 45,008 18-25 2,482,500 740,734 1,170,607 159,795 411,364

Female 6,821,013 1,872,310 3,457,314 377,767 1,113,622 0 - 9 2,443,152 666,211 1,262,008 126,098 388,835 10 259,615 63,323 141,368 14,097 40,827 11 260,829 64,037 141,567 13,887 41,338 12 256,694 64,314 137,770 13,764 40,846 13 254,048 64,569 134,497 13,314 41,668 14 251,867 65,486 131,861 13,313 41,207 15 261,814 68,679 136,294 13,995 42,846 16 257,535 67,549 134,196 14,314 41,476 17 262,773 69,625 135,548 14,732 42,868 18-25 2,312,686 678,517 1,102,205 140,253 391,711

Source: California Department of Finance, Report P-3: State and County Population Projections by Race/Ethnicity, Detailed Age, and Gender, 2010-2060 (March 2019).

Other

Table 35POPULATION ESTIMATES, 2018

Gender and Age by Race/Ethnic GroupRace/ethnic group Gender

and age Total White Hispanic Black

The Criminal Justice Statistics Center of the DOJ began compiling data describing California’s juvenile justice system in 1947. In 1969, the DOJ developed the first computerized system for juvenile probation caseloads to collect information on juveniles who were supervised by probation departments or in detention facilities. The system was designed to track transactions within the juvenile probation system and to provide information on a juvenile’s progress through the probation and court processes from the time of referral to final disposition. Individual transactions were linked to form a comprehensive record of the court and probation activities for a single offender.

In 1979, in an effort to upgrade the computerized data collection system, the DOJ developed the JCPSS as a pilot study. Ten counties participated in the initial study, and, in 1980, the pilot system was implemented statewide.

From 1980 to 1989, the JCPSS collected, compiled, and reported statistical data on the administration of juvenile justice in California. The system collected individual records on delinquent juveniles who were referred to California probation departments. These records contained information about the juvenile’s referral source, referral offense, pre-adjudication detention, probation, and court disposition, as well as current supervision status and changes in prior supervision status. During this period, transaction reports were submitted at the time a disposition was made or when supervision was terminated.

In 1990, the JCPSS was discontinued because of budget reductions.

In 1995, the Legislature passed Assembly Bill 488 (Chapter 803, Statutes of 1995), directing the DOJ to reestablish the JCPSS. In June 1996, representatives from 14 probation departments and the DOJ met to finalize the reporting

standards and began system development. In January 1997, several probation departments began submitting data to the JCPSS.

In 1999, the Legislative Analyst’s Office (LAO) recommended that the Legislature withhold 50 percent of the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) funds from probation departments that did not submit JCPSS data by March 2000. At that time, only 22 probation departments were submitting data to the JCPSS.

In 2000, the LAO again recommended that the Legislature withhold 50 percent of the TANF funds from probation departments that did not submit JCPSS data by March 2001. In May 2000, a permanent JCPSS Advisory Committee was established to improve county participation and to discuss legislative changes affecting the JCPSS; no funds were withheld.

In 2001, the Legislature directed the DOJ, via Senate Bill 314 (Chapter 468, Statutes of 2001), to include in its annual juvenile justice report, statistics on the administrative actions taken by law enforcement agencies regarding juveniles whose cases were transferred to or directly adjudicated in adult criminal court. This legislation also prompted discussions on replacing the existing JCPSS software, provided to probation departments in 1996, with a web-enabled application. In 2002, the DOJ developed the web-enabled JCPSS application, and county probation departments were connected to the DOJ network the same year.

In 2003, the JCPSS web-enabled application became operational. Probation departments received training, and they began to submit data to the DOJ. Currently, 56 of California’s 58 counties are connected to the web-enabled application, and all of those counties are submitting data. (The DOJ continues to work with Lassen and Sierra Counties in order to achieve 100 percent participation.)

98

Appendix 1Background

Appendices

99

During the Fiscal Year 2018-2019 budget deliberations, the Legislature discussed whether the JCPSS should be overhauled and whether the DOJ should be required to lead and develop the modernization plan. As communicated during the deliberations, the DOJ agrees with the recommendation made by the California Juvenile Justice Data Working Group's January 2016 report to the Legislature that "[t]he Board of State and Community Corrections (BSCC) should have primary responsibility for developing the JCPSS replacement plan. The Legislature and the Governor should be advised of the need to identify and set aside the resources that will be needed both to plan and fund the replacement data system ... BSCC should work in concert with probation, courts, information technology experts, legislative committees, the [DOJ] and other stakeholders to produce a replacement plan ... " The DOJ stands ready to work with BSCC and other stakeholders on this endeavor.

The DOJ recognizes that there are many growing and evolving needs for complete criminal history information, for both juveniles and adults, to support the criminal justice community, the Legislature, research organizations, and other entities who are immediately concerned with the prevention or control of crime, the quality of criminal justice, or the custody or correction of offenders. In addition to the JCPSS, the DOJ maintains the state summary criminal history information repository for both juveniles and adults and stands ready to take the lead on developing a plan to develop a modernized juvenile and adult criminal history system with the capability of meeting the needs expressed by the California Juvenile Justice Data Working Group's January 2016 report, as well as the needs for technological modernization expressed by the Legislature, criminal justice agencies, and various advocacy groups. To that end, the DOJ worked with the Legislature during the Fiscal Year 2019-2020 budget deliberations to identify resources necessary to lead the development of a modernization plan, and, contingent on the receipt of funding, is prepared to do so.

ArrestsMACR

� If a person is arrested for multiple offenses, the MACR selects only the most serious offense based on the severity of possible punishment.

� Felony arrest counts may include some misdemeanor warrants for felony offenses.

� In 2013, the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program revised the definition of “forcible rape” (the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will) to “rape” and defined as “penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.” The California DOJ instituted this definition change in January 2014.

� In November 2014, California voters passed Proposition 47, which reduced numerous state statutes from felonies to misdemeanors. Caution should be used when comparing felony and misdemeanor arrest data to prior years.

� In November 2016, California voters passed Proposition 64 which legalized the possession and use of marijuana for individuals 21 years of age and older and reduced the offense degree for numerous state statutes. Caution should be used when comparing drug offense arrests to prior years.

Referrals and PetitionsJCPSS

� Each year there is a difference between the number of referrals to probation via the JCPSS and the number of juvenile arrests reported by law enforcement agencies as “referred to juvenile court and probation” via

the MACR. The difference is due, in part, to the various programs and definitions used by law enforcement agencies and probation departments for submitting data to the DOJ. However, there are two primary reasons for the difference:

a. Probation departments report caseload information, while law enforcement agencies report information on individual arrests.

b. The JCPSS counts only those juveniles who have a final disposition reported to the DOJ. Many probation departments divert juveniles out of the system into other “community based” programs. As a result, many juveniles who are diverted after being referred by law enforcement agencies are not reported on the JCPSS.

� All juvenile referrals for law violations and status offenses are reported in the JCPSS.

� The information presented in this report represents the data received from 56 counties. Lassen and Sierra Counties are not included in the JCPSS portion of the report. These two counties did not provide the DOJ with data in 2018.

� In 2003, the JCPSS was modified to accept up to five offenses per referral or petition. Previously, the JCPSS would only accept the most serious offense per referral or petition.

� The subjectivity of the classification and labeling process must be considered in the analysis of race/ethnic group data. As commonly used, race refers to large populations that share certain physical characteristics, such as skin color. Because these physical characteristics can vary greatly within groups, as well as between groups, determination of race is frequently,

100

Appendix 2Data Limitations

Appendices

101

by necessity, subjective. Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage and can cross racial lines. For example, the ethnic designation “Hispanic” includes persons of any race. Most commonly, self-identification of race/ethnicity is used in the classification and labeling process.

� In November of 2016, California voters passed Proposition 57, which ended the process of juveniles being transferred directly (direct filed) to adult court by county prosecutors. The new law was effective immediately, making 2016 the final year, and a partial year, where direct file data would need to be tracked as part of the Juvenile Justice in California publication. Proposition 57 did leave in place the process of juveniles being transferred to adult court by a juvenile court judge via fitness hearings.

Dispositions of Adult-Level Felony Arrests

� Adult felony arrest disposition data are extracted annually from the California DOJ Criminal History System. The data statistically captures the number of adult-level final dispositions that occur each year as a result of a felony arrest and are displayed by the year of disposition regardless of the year in which an arrest occurred.

� Disposition data do not reflect the actual number of final dispositions occurring each year. Fluctuations from year to year may not necessarily be the result of actual occurrences in the criminal justice system, but may reflect the degree to which reports of dispositions were reported and processed.

� “Final disposition” refers to the last adult-level legal action that is reported prior to the close of the annual file. Final disposition can occur at the law enforcement, prosecutorial, or court level. Intermediate dispositions (diversion programs, suspended proceedings, or subsequent actions) are not included in the data.

� If a person is arrested for multiple offenses, the extract selects only the most serious offense based on the severity of possible punishment. If there are multiple dispositions, the extract selects the most serious disposition and the associated offense.

� Disposition data on state institutional commitments may vary from information compiled and reported by other state agencies because of differences in the data collection systems and criteria.

� The adult felony arrest disposition file includes some persons whose age at arrest was under 18. These minors received a final disposition in adult court under provisions of Welfare and Institutions Code sections 602, 707(a), 707(b), 707(c), and 707.1(a).

Welfare and Institutions Code section 285

All probation officers shall make periodic reports to the Attorney General at those times and in the manner prescribed by the Attorney General, provided that no names or social security numbers shall be transmitted regarding any proceeding under section 300 or 601.

Penal Code section 13010

It shall be the duty of the department: (a) To collect data necessary for the work of the department from all persons and agencies mentioned in Section 13020 and from any other appropriate source. (b) To prepare and distribute to all those persons and agencies cards, forms, or electronic means used in reporting data to the department. The cards, forms, or electronic means may, in addition to other items, include items of information needed by federal bureaus or departments engaged in the development of national and uniform criminal statistics. (c) To recommend the form and content of records that must be kept by those persons and agencies in order to ensure the correct reporting of data to the department. (d) To instruct those persons and agencies in the installation, maintenance, and use of those records and in the reporting of data therefrom to the department. (e) To process, tabulate, analyze, and interpret the data collected from those persons and agencies. (f ) To supply, at their request, to federal bureaus or departments engaged in the collection of national criminal statistics data they need from this state.

(g) To make available to the public, through the department’s OpenJustice Web portal, information relating to criminal statistics, to be updated at least once per year, and to present at other times as the Attorney General may approve reports on special aspects of criminal statistics. A sufficient number of copies of a downloadable summary of this information shall be annually prepared to enable the Attorney General to send a copy to the Governor and to all public officials in the state dealing with criminals and to distribute them generally in channels where they will add to the public enlightenment. This subdivision shall not be construed to require more frequent reporting by local agencies than what is required by any other law. (h) To periodically review the requirements of units of government using criminal justice statistics, and to make recommendations for changes it deems necessary in the design of criminal justice statistics systems, including new techniques of collection and processing made possible by automation. (i) To evaluate, on an annual basis, the progress of California’s transition from summary crime reporting to incident-based crime reporting, in alignment with the federal National Incident-Based Reporting System, and report its findings to the Legislature annually through 2019, pursuant to Section 9795 of the Government Code.

102

Appendix 3California Code Sections

Appendices

103

Penal Code section 13010.5

(a) The department shall collect data pertaining to the juvenile justice system for criminal history and statistical purposes. This information shall serve to assist the department, through its bureau whose mission is to protect the rights of children, in complying with the reporting requirement of paragraphs (3) and (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 13012, measuring the extent of juvenile delinquency, determining the need for, and effectiveness of, relevant legislation, and identifying long-term trends in juvenile delinquency. Any data collected pursuant to this section may include criminal history information that may be used by the department to comply with the requirements of Section 602.5 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. (b) Statistical data collected pursuant to this section shall be made available to the public through the OpenJustice Web portal. The department may make available data collected pursuant to this section in the same manner as data collected pursuant to Section 13202.

Penal Code section 13012

(a) The information published on the OpenJustice Web portal pursuant to Section 13010 shall contain statistics showing all of the following: (1) The amount and the types of offenses known to the public authorities. (2) The personal and social characteristics of criminals and delinquents. (3) The administrative actions taken by law enforcement, judicial, penal, and correctional agencies or institutions, including those in the juvenile justice system, in dealing with criminals or delinquents. (4) The administrative actions taken by law enforcement, prosecutorial, judicial, penal, and correctional agencies or institutions, including those in the juvenile justice system, in dealing with minors who are the subject of a petition

or hearing in the juvenile court to transfer their case to the jurisdiction of an adult criminal court or whose cases are directly filed or otherwise initiated in an adult criminal court. (5) (A) The total number of each of the following: (i) Civilian complaints received by law enforcement agencies under Section 832.5. (ii) Civilian complaints alleging criminal conduct of either a felony or a misdemeanor. (iii) Civilian complaints alleging racial or identity profiling, as defined in subdivision (e) of Section 13519.4. These statistics shall be disaggregated by the specific type of racial or identity profiling alleged, including but not limited to, based on a consideration of race, color, ethnicity, national origin, religion, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, or mental or physical disability. (B) The statistics reported pursuant to this paragraph shall provide, for each category of complaint identified under subparagraph (A), the number of complaints within each of the following disposition categories: (i) “Sustained,” which means that the investigation disclosed sufficient evidence to prove the truth of allegation in the complaint by preponderance of the evidence. (ii) “Exonerated,” which means that the investigation clearly established that the actions of the personnel that formed the basis of the complaint are not a violation of law or agency policy. (iii) “Not sustained,” which means that the investigation failed to disclose sufficient evidence to clearly prove or disprove the allegation in the complaint. (iv) “Unfounded,” which means that the investigation clearly established that the allegation is not true. (C) The reports under subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall be made available to the public and disaggregated for each individual law enforcement agency. (b) The department shall give adequate interpretation of the statistics and present the information so that it may be of value


in guiding the policies of the Legislature and of those in charge of the apprehension, prosecution, and treatment of criminals and delinquents, or those concerned with the prevention of crime and delinquency. This interpretation shall be presented in clear and informative formats on the OpenJustice Web portal. The Web portal shall also include statistics that are comparable with national uniform criminal statistics published by federal bureaus or departments. (c) Each year, on an annual basis, the Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board (RIPA), established pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (j) of Section 13519.4, shall analyze the statistics reported pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (5) of subdivision (a) of this section. RIPA’s analysis of the complaints shall be incorporated into its annual report as required by paragraph (3) of subdivision (j) of Section 13519.4 and shall be published on the OpenJustice Web portal. The reports shall not disclose the identity of peace officers.

Penal Code section 13012.5

(a) The annual report published by the department under Section 13010 shall, in regard to the contents required by paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 13012, include the following statewide information: (1) The annual number of fitness hearings held in the juvenile courts under Section 707 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, and the outcomes of those hearings including orders to remand to adult criminal court, cross-referenced with information about the age, gender, ethnicity, and offense of the minors whose cases are the subject of those fitness hearings. (2) The annual number of minors whose cases are filed directly in adult criminal court under Sections 602.5 and 707 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, cross-referenced with information about the age, gender, ethnicity, and offense of the minors whose cases are filed directly to the adult criminal court. (3) The outcomes of cases involving minors who are prosecuted in adult criminal courts, regardless of how adult court jurisdiction was initiated, including whether the minor was acquitted or convicted, or whether the case was dismissed and returned to juvenile court, including sentencing outcomes, cross-referenced with the age, gender, ethnicity, and offense of the minors subject to these court actions. (b) The department’s annual report published under Section 13010 shall include the information described in paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 13012, as further delineated by this section, beginning with the report due on July 1, 2003, for the preceding calendar year.

104

Appendices

105

The following statutes and their offense groupings were valid at the time of the closeout of the 2018 arrest offense code file. All statutory codes listed are for Penal Code sections unless indicated as follows:

BP - Business and Professions CodeCC - Corporations CodeEC - Education CodeFA - Food and Agriculture CodeFC - Financial CodeFG - Fish and Game Code

GC - Government CodeHN - Harbors and Navigation CodeHS - Health and Safety CodeIC - Insurance CodeLC - Labor CodeMV - Military and Veterans Code

PR - Public Resources CodeRT - Revenue and Taxation CodeSH - Streets and Highways CodeUI - Unemployment Insurance CodeVC - Vehicle CodeWI - Welfare and Institutions Code

106

Appendix 4Felony-Level Offense Codes

Homicide - 128, 187(a), 192(a), 192(b), 273ab(a), 18755(a) Rape - 220, 220(a)(1), 220(a)(2), 220(b), 261(a)(1), 261(a)(2), 261(a)(3), 261(a)(4), 261(a)(4)(a), 261(a)(4)(b), 261(a)(4)(c), 261(a)(4)(d), 261(a)(5), 261(a)(6), 261(a)(7), 262(a)(1), 262(a)(2), 262(a)(3), 262(a)(4), 262(a)(5), 264(c)(1), 264(c)(2), 264.1(a), 264.1(b)(1), 264.1(b)(2), 266c, 269(a)(1), 269(a)(2), 269(a)(3), 269(a)(4), 269(a)(5), 286(b)(1)*, 286(b)(2), 286(c)(1), 286(c)(2)(a), 286(c)(2)(b), 286(c)(2)(c), 286(c)(3), 286(d)(1), 286(e), 286(f), 286(f)(1), 286(f)(2), 286(f)(3), 286(f)(4), 286(g), 286(h), 286(i), 286(j), 286(k), 288a(a), 288a(b)(1), 288a(b)(2), 288a(c)(1), 288a(c)(2)(a), 288a(c)(2)(b), 288a(c)(3), 288a(d), 288a(d)(1), 288a(d)(2), 288a(d)(3), 288a(e), 288a(f), 288a(f)(1), 288a(f)(2), 288a(f)(3), 288a(f)(4), 288a(g), 288a(h), 288a(i), 288a(j), 288a(k), 288.7(a), 288.7(b), 289(a)(1)(a), 289(a)(1)(b), 289(a)(1)(c), 289(a)(2), 289(b), 289(c), 289(d), 289(d)(1), 289(d)(2), 289(d)(3), 289(d)(4), 289(e), 289(f), 289(g), 289(h)*, 289(i), 289(j)

Robbery - 211, 212.5(a), 212.5(b), 212.5(c), 213(a)(1)(a), 213(a)(2), 214, 215(a)

Assault – 69*, 71, 76(a)*, 95.1, 139(a), 140(a)*, 146e(b), 148(b)*, 148(c), 148(d)*, 148(d)(1), 148.1(a), 148.1(b), 148.1(c), 148.1(d), 148.3(b), 148.4(b)(1), 148.4(b)(2), 148.10(a)*, 149*, 151(a)(2), 186.26(a), 186.26(c), 203, 205, 206, 217.1(a), 217.1(b), 218, 218.1*, 219, 219.1, 219.2*, 220, 222, 241.1, 241.4, 241.7, 242*, 243(c)(1)*, 243(c)(2)*, 243(d), 243.1, 243.3*, 243.6*, 243.7, 243.9(a)*, 244, 244.5(b)*, 244.5(c)*, 245(a)(1)*, 245(a)(2)*, 245(a)(3), 245(a)(4)*, 245(b), 245(c), 245(d)(1), 245(d)(2), 245(d)(3), 245.2, 245.3, 245.5(a), 245.5(b), 245.5(c), 246*, 246.3(a)*, 247(a), 247(b), 247.5*, 273a(a)*, 273ab(b), 273d(a), 273.5(a)*, 273.5(f)(1)*, 273.5(f)(2)*, 347(a)(1), 347(b), 368(b)(1)*, 375(a)*, 375(d), 401, 405a, 417(b)*, 417(c)*, 417.3, 417.6(a), 417.8, 422(a)*, 422.7(a), 588a*, 601(a)(1), 601(a)(2), 625c, 664/187(a), 664/192(a), 1768.8(b) WI, 1768.85(a) WI*, 1808.4(d) VC, 4131.5, 4500, 4501, 4501.1(a), 4501.5, 11412, 11413(a), 11418(a)(1), 11418(a)(2), 11418(b)(1), 11418(b)(2), 11418(b)(3), 11418(b)(4), 11418(c), 11418(d)(1), 11418(d)(2), 11418.1*, 11418.5(a)*, 11419(a)*, 12308, 12309, 15656(a) WI, 18715(a)(1), 18715(a)(2), 18715(a)(3), 18715(a)(5), 18725(a), 18725(b), 18725(c), 18740, 18755(b), 20110(a), 20110(b), 21464(c) VC, 23110(b) VC, 38318(b) VC, 38318.5(b) VC

Kidnapping - 157, 207(a), 207(b), 207(c), 207(d), 208(b), 209(a), 209(b)(1), 209.5(a), 209.5(b), 210, 278, 278.5(a), 280(b), 4503

Burglary - 459*, 460, 460(a), 460(b)*, 461, 461.1, 461.2, 463(a), 464, 664/459, 664/460, 664/460(a), 664/460(b)

Theft - 72, 115(a), 115.5(b), 116, 117, 134, 154(b), 155(b), 155.5(b), 156, 182(a)(4), 304 HN, 305 HN, 332(a)*, 334(a)*, 337.7, 350(a)*, 350(a)(2)*, 350(b), 368(d)*, 368(e)*, 424(a)1, 424(a)2, 424(a)3, 424(a)4, 424(a)5, 424(a)6, 424(a)7, 463(b), 474, 481, 481.1(a), 483.5(a), 484(a)*, 484(b)*, 484b*, 484c, 484.1(a)*, 485*, 487(a)*, 487(b)(1)(a), 487(b)(2)*, 487(b)(3)*, 487(c)*, 487(d)(2), 487a(a)*, 487a(b)*, 487a(c)*, 487b, 487d, 487e, 487g, 487h(a), 487i*, 487j*, 490.2*, 495, 496(a), 496(b), 496(d)*, 496a(a), 496c*, 496d(a), 497, 498(d), 499c(b)(1), 499c(b)(2), 499c(b)(3), 499c(b)(4), 499d, 500*, 500(a)(1)*, 500(a)(2)*, 500(a)(3)*, 502(c)(1)(a), 502(c)(1)(b), 502(c)(2), 502(c)(4), 502(c)(5), 502(c)(6)*, 502(c)(7)*, 502.5*, 502.7(a)(1)*, 502.7(a)(2)*, 502.7(a)(3)*, 502.7(a)(4)*, 502.7(a)(5)*, 502.7(b)(1)*, 502.7(b)(2), 502.7(c)*, 502.7(d)*, 502.7(g), 502.8(b)*, 502.8(d), 502.8(e), 502.8(f), 503*, 504*, 504a*, 504b*, 505*, 506*, 506b, 507*, 508*, 514*, 528, 529(a)*, 529(a)(1)*, 529(a)(2)*, 529(a)(3)*, 529a*, 530*, 530.5(a)*, 530.5(c)(2)*, 530.5(c)(3)*, 530.5(d)(1)*, 530.5(d)(2)*, 532(a)*, 532a(1)*, 532a(2)*, 532a(3)*, 532a(4)*, 532f(a)(1)*, 533, 534, 535, 537(a)(2), 537(c)(2)*, 537e(a)(3), 538*, 538.5, 548(a), 549, 550(a)(1), 550(a)(2), 550(a)(3), 550(a)(4), 550(a)(5), 550(a)(6), 550(a)(7), 550(a)(8), 550(b)(1), 550(b)(2), 550(b)(3), 560, 560.4, 566, 571(b), 577, 578, 580, 581, 593d(b), 620, 642*, 648*, 650 BP, 666(a)*, 666(b)*, 750(a) IC, 892(a) CI, 1695.6(b)(1) CI, 1733 IC, 1778 LC, 1823 FC, 1871.4(a)(1) IC, 1871.4(a)(2) IC, 1871.4(a)(3) IC, 1871.4(a)(4) IC, 2101(a)(1) UI, 2102(a) UI, 2107 UI, 2108 UI, 2109 UI, 2110 UI, 2110.5 UI, 2114 UI, 2116(a) UI, 2116(b) UI, 2121 UI, 2255(b) CC, 2945.4(a) CI, 2945.4(g) CI*, 3215 LC, 3352 FC, 3361 FC, 3531 FC, 4463(a)(1) VC, 4463(a)(2) VC, 7027.3 BP, 7028.16 BP*, 7051 HS, 10238.6(c) BP, 10250.52 BP, 10752(a) VC, 10752(b) VC, 10801 VC, 10802 VC, 10803(a) VC, 10803(b) VC, 10855 VC*, 10980(b) WI, 10980(c)(2) WI, 10980(d) WI, 10980(g)(2) WI, 11010(a) BP, 11019(a) BP, 11022(a) BP, 11320 BP, 11482.5 WI, 11483 WI*, 11483.5 WI, 11760(a) IC, 11880(a) IC, 14014(a) WI*, 14025(a) WI, 14107(b)(1) WI, 14591(b)(1)(f)(2) PR*, 17410 WI, 17414(b) FC, 17511.12(a) BP, 17551(a) FA, 17551(b) FA, 18848 FA*, 22430(a) BP, 22753(a) BP*, 25110 CC, 25401 CC, 25540 CC, 25541 CC, 27443(a) GC, 27443(b) GC, 30475(b) RT, 30480 RT, 31110 CC, 31201 CC, 31410 CC, 31411 CC, 44209 HS, 94319.14(b) EC, 94320(f) EC, 94320(g) EC, 103800 HS

Appendices

107

Notes: These codes are valid for 2018 data and may not be applicable for prior years. "All Other Felony Offenses" also includes sections in the Election Code and Water Code.*These code sections can be either a felony or a misdemeanor.

Motor Vehicle Theft – 487(d)(1)*, 666.5(a), 10851(a) VC*, 10851(b) VC, 10851(e) VC

Forgery, Check, and Access Cards - 113, 114, 470(a)*, 470(b)*, 470(c), 470(d)*, 470a*, 470b, 471, 472, 475(a)*, 475(b)*, 475(c)*, 476*, 476a(a)*, 476a(b)*, 477, 478, 479, 480(a), 484e(a), 484e(b), 484e(d)*, 484f(a), 484f(b)*, 484g*, 484g(a)*, 484g(b)*, 484h(a)*, 484h(b)*, 484i(b), 484i(c)*, 617, 10980(e) WI

Arson - 451(a), 451(b), 451(c), 451(d), 451.5(a), 451.5(a)(1), 451.5(a)(2)(a), 451.5(a)(3), 452(a), 452(b), 452(c), 453(a), 454(a)(1), 454(a)(2), 455

Drug Offenses

Narcotic - 11350(a) HS, 11350(b) HS*, 11351 HS, 11351.5 HS, 11352(a) HS, 11352(b) HS, 11353(a) HS, 11353(b) HS, 11353(c) HS, 11354(a) HS

Marijuana - 11358(d) HS, 11359(c) HS, 11359(d) HS 11360(a) HS*, 11361(a) HS, 11361(b) HS, 11362.4(d) HS

Dangerous Drug - 4060 BP*, 11353.5 HS, 11353.7 HS, 11370.1(a) HS, 11375(b)(1) HS*, 11377(a) HS*, 11378 HS, 11378.5 HS, 11379(a) HS, 11379(b) HS, 11379.2 HS, 11379.5(a) HS, 11379.5(b) HS, 11380(a) HS,

11550(e) HS

All Other - 4324(a) BP*, 4324(b) BP*, 4336(a) BP, 11104(a) HS, 11106(j) HS*, 11152 HS, 11153(a)(1) HS, 11154(a) HS, 11154(b) HS, 11155 HS, 11156 HS, 11157 HS, 11162.5(a) HS, 11166 HS*, 11173(a) HS*, 11173(b) HS, 11173(c) HS,

11173(d) HS, 11174 HS, 11355 HS*, 11363 HS, 11364.7(b) HS, 11366 HS*, 11366.5(a) HS, 11366.5(b) HS, 11366.6 HS, 11366.7(b) HS, 11366.8(a) HS, 11366.8(b) HS, 11368 HS*, 11370.6(a) HS, 11370.9(a) HS, 11370.9(b) HS, 11370.9(c) HS, 11371 HS, 11371.1 HS, 11379.6(a) HS, 11379.6(b) HS, 11382 HS*, 11383(a) HS, 11383(b) HS, 11383(c)(1) HS, 11383(c)(2) HS, 11383(f) HS, 11383(g) HS, 11383.5(b)(1) HS, 11383.5(e) HS, 11383.7(a) HS, 11383.7(b)(1)

HS, 11390 HS, 11391 HS

Sex Offenses

Lewd or Lascivious - 220, 266j, 288(a), 288(b)(1), 288(b)(2), 288(c)(1)*, 288(c)(2)*, 288.5(a)

All Other - 243.4(a), 243.4(b), 243.4(c)*, 243.4(d)*, 243.4(j), 261.5(a), 261.5(c), 261.5(d), 265, 266*, 266a, 266b, 266d, 266e, 266f, 266g, 266h(a), 266h(b)(1), 266h(b)(2), 266i(a), 266i(a)(1), 266i(a)(2), 266i(a)(3), 266i(b)(1), 266i(b)(2), 267, 285, 288.2(a)(1)*, 288.2(a)(2)*, 288.2(b), 288.3, 288.3(a), 288.4(a)(2), 288.4(b), 289.6(a)*, 289.6(a)(2), 290(b)*, 290.002*, 290.006*, 290.010*, 290.011(a)*, 290.011(b)*, 290.011(c)*, 290.011(d)*, 290.011(f)*, 290.012(a)*, 290.012(b)*, 290.012(c)*, 290.013(a)*, 290.013(b), 290.014*, 290.015*, 290.018(b), 290.018(d)*, 290.018(f)*, 290.018(g)*, 311.1(a), 311.10(a)*, 311.11(a)*, 311.11(b), 311.11(c)(1)*, 311.11(c)(2)*, 311.2(a)*, 311.2(b), 311.2(c)*, 311.2(d), 311.3(a)*, 311.3(b)(1)*, 311.3(b)(2)*, 311.3(b)(3)*, 311.3(b)(4)*, 311.3(b)(5)*, 311.3(b)(6)*, 311.4(a)*, 311.4(b), 311.4(c), 311.5*, 311.7*, 313.1(a)*, 313.1(b)*, 313.1(c)(1)*, 313.1(c)(2)*, 314.1*, 647f, 647.6(a)(1)*, 647.6(a)(2)*, 647.6(b), 647.6(c)(1), 647.6(c)(2), 729(a)*

Driving Under the Influence - 655(f) HN, 23153(a) VC*, 23153(b) VC*, 23153(d) VC, 23153(f) VC*, 23153(g) VC*, 23550(a) VC*, 23550.5(a) VC*

Hit-and-Run - 20001(a) VC, 20001(b)(1) VC*, 20001(b)(2) VC*

Weapons - 171b(a)(1), 171b(a)(2)*, 171b(a)(3), 171b(a)(4)*, 171b(a)(5)*, 171b(a)(6)*, 171c, 171d(a)*, 171d(b)*, 186.28(a)*, 626.9(b)*, 626.9(d), 626.9(h), 626.9(i), 626.95(a)*, 626.10(a)(1)*, 626.10(b)*, 4502(a), 4574(a), 4574(b), 4502(b), 8101(a) WI, 8101(b) WI, 8103(a)(1) WI, 8103(f)(1) WI, 8103(i) WI*, 12761 HS*, 18710(a)*, 18720, 18730, 18745, 19100*, 19200(a)*, 20310*, 20410*, 20510*, 20610*, 20710*, 20910*, 21110*, 21310*, 21810*, 22011*, 22210*, 22410*, 22810(a)*, 22810(c)*, 22810(d)*, 22810(e)(1)*, 22810(g)(1)*, 22810(g)(2), 23900, 24310*, 24410*, 24510*, 24610*, 24710*, 25100(a)*, 25300(a), 25400(a)(1)*, 25400(a)(2)*, 25400(a)(3)*, 25400(c)(1), 25400(c)(2), 25400(c)(3), 25400(c)(4), 25400(c)(5)*, 25400(c)(6)*, 25400(c)(6)(b)*, 25800(a)*, 25850(a), 25850(c)(1), 25850(c)(2), 25850(c)(3), 25850(c)(4), 25850(c)(5)*, 25850(c)(6)*, 26100(b)*, 26100(c), 26100(d)*, 27500(a), 27500(b)*, 27505(a)*, 27515*, 27520*, 27545*, 28210(a)(1)*, 29610*, 29650*, 29800(a)(1), 29800(b), 29805*, 29815(a)*, 29820(b)*, 29825(a)*, 29900(a)(1), 29900(b)(1), 30210(a)*, 30210(b)*, 30305(a)(1)*, 30315*, 30320, 30600(a), 30605(a)*, 30725(b), 31500*, 32310*, 32625(a), 32625(b), 32900*, 33210, 33215*, 33410, 33600*

Escape - 107, 109, 110, 836.6(a)*, 836.6(b)*, 871(b) WI, 1026.4(a), 1152(b) WI, 1768.7(a) WI, 1768.7(b) WI,2042, 3002 WI, 4011.7*, 4530(a), 4530(b), 4530(c), 4532(a)(1), 4532(a)(2), 4532(b)(1), 4532(b)(2), 4533, 4534, 4535,4536(a), 4550.1, 4550.2, 7326 WI

Bookmaking - 337a.1, 337a.2, 337a.3, 337a.4, 337a.5, 337a.6, 337i

All Other Felony Offenses

108

Appendix 5Misdemeanor-Level Offense Codes

Manslaughter–Misd. - 191.5(b)*, 192(c)(1)*, 192(c)(2), 192.5(b), 192.5(c)*, 192.5(d)

Assault and Battery – 69*, 71*, 76(a)*, 140(a)*, 147, 148(a)(1), 148(b)*, 148(d)*, 148.1(a)*, 148.10(a)*, 148.2.1, 148.2.2, 148.2.3, 148.2.4, 148.3(a), 148.4(a)(1), 148.4(a)(2), 149*, 151(a)(1), 218.1*, 219.2*, 219.3, 240, 241(a), 241(b), 241(c), 241.1*, 241.2(a), 241.3(a), 241.4, 241.5(a), 241.6, 242*, 243(a), 243(b), 243(c)(1)*, 243(c)(2)*, 243(d)*, 243(e)(1), 243.10(a), 243.2(a)(1), 243.25, 243.3*, 243.35(a), 243.6*, 243.65(a), 243.8(a), 243.9(a)*, 244.5(b)*, 244.5(c)*, 245(a)(1)*, 245(a)(2)*, 245(a)(4)*, 246*, 246.3(a)*, 246.3(b), 247.5*, 248, 273a(a)*, 273a(b), 273d(a), 273.5(a)*, 273.5(f)(1)*, 273.5(f)(2)*, 368(b)(1)*, 368(c), 374c, 375(a)*, 375(b), 383, 402a, 417(a)(1), 417(a)(2), 417(b)*, 417(c)*, 417.25(a), 417.26(a), 417.4, 422(a)*, 422.6(a), 423.2(a), 423.2(b), 423.2(c), 423.2(d), 1768.85(a) WI*, 2652, 11414(a), 11414(c), 11418.1*, 11418.5(a)*, 12680 HS, 15656(b) WI, 20170(a)

Burglary–Misd. - 459*, 459.5*, 460(b)*

Petty Theft - 368(d)*, 368(e)*, 463(c), 484(a)*, 484(b)*, 484b*, 484.1(a)*, 485*, 487(a)*, 487(b)(2)*, 487(b)(3)*, 487(c)*, 487a(a)*, 487a(b)*, 487a(c)*, 487c, 487f, 487i*, 487j*, 488, 490, 490.1(a), 490.2*, 490.5(a), 490.7(b)(1), 490.7(b)(2), 490.7(b)(3), 490.7(b)(4), 496c*, 499b(b), 502.5*, 530*, 530.5(a)*, 530.5(c)(1)*, 530.5(c)(2)*, 530.5(c)(3)*, 530.5(d)(1)*, 530.5(d)(2)*, 530.5(e), 532(a)*, 538*, 565, 642*, 666(a)*, 666(b)*, 8726 HS, 22435.1 BP, 22435.2 BP, 22435.2(a) BP, 22435.2(b) BP, 22435.2(c), 22435.2(e) BP, 22435.2(f) BP, 22435.11(a) BP, 22435.12 BP, 22753(a) BP*, 41950(a) PR

Other Theft - Includes approximately 200 statute codes that can be identified upon request.

Checks and Access Cards - 112(a), 470(a)*, 470(b)*, 470(d)*, 470a*, 472, 475(a)*, 475(b)*, 475(c)*, 476*, 476a(a)*, 476a(b)*, 484e(a), 484e(c), 484e(d)*, 484f(b)*, 484g, 484g(a)*, 484g(b)*, 484h(a)*, 484h(b)*, 484i(a), 484i(c)*, 484j

Drug Offenses

Marijuana - 11357(b) HS, 11357(c) HS, 11357.5(a) HS, 11358(c) HS, 11359(b) HS, 11360(a) HS*, 11362.4(c) HS, 11362.77(a) HS, 34014(a) BP, 34016(b) BP, 34016(d) BP, 34016(e) BP

Other Drugs - 377, 379, 647(f), 2241 BP, 2242.1(a) BP, 2762(e) BP, 2878.5(a) BP, 4051 BP, 4059(a) BP, 4060 BP*, 4077(a) BP, 4141 BP, 4142 BP, 4148 BP, 4149 BP, 4163 BP, 4323 BP, 4324(a) BP*, 4324(b) BP*, 4325(a) BP, 4326(a) BP, 4326(b) BP, 4331(a) BP, 4332 BP, 11100(g)(1) HS, 11100(g)(2) HS, 11100(g)(3) HS, 11100.1(a) HS, 11104(c) HS, 11104.5 HS, 11106(j) HS*, 11150 HS, 11151 HS, 11157 HS*, 11159 HS, 11161(a) HS, 11162.5(b), 11162.6(c) HS, 11166 HS*, 11170 HS, 11171 HS, 11172 HS, 11173(a) HS*, 11175 HS, 11180 HS, 11190 HS, 11207 HS, 11217 HS, 11350(a) HS*, 11350(b) HS*, 11352.1(b) HS, 11355 HS*, 11364(a) HS, 11364.5(a) HS, 11364.5(b) HS, 11364.7(a) HS, 11364.7(c) HS, 11365(a) HS, 11366 HS*, 11366.5 (a) HS, 11368 HS*, 11375(b)(l) HS*,11375(b)(2) HS, 11375.5(a) HS, 11377(a) HS*, 11382 HS*, 11391 HS, 11473.5 HS, 11532(a) HS, 11550(a) HS, 11594 HS, 109575 HS, 109580 HS

Indecent Exposure - 314.1*, 314.2

Annoying Children - 261.5(b), 261.5(c), 261.5(d), 286(b)(1)*, 288(c)(1)*, 288a(b)(1), 288.4(a)(1), 289(h)*, 647.6(a)(1), 647.6(a)(2)

Obscene Matter – 288.2(a)(1)*, 288.2(a)(2)*, 311.1(a)*, 311.10(a)*, 311.11(a), 311.11(c)(1)*, 311.11(c)(2)*, 311.2(a)*, 311.2(c)*, 311.3(a)*, 311.3(b), 311.3(b)(1)*, 311.3(b)(2)*, 311.3(b)(3)*, 311.3(b)(4)*, 311.3(b)(5)*, 311.3(b)(6)*, 311.4(a)*, 311.5*, 311.6, 311.7*, 313.1(a)*, 313.1(b)*, 313.1(c)(1)*, 313.1(c)(2), 313.1(e)

Lewd Conduct - 288(c)(2)*, 647(a), 647(d), 647(i), 647(j)(1), 647(j)(2), 647(j)(3)(a), 647(j)(4)(a), 647(j)(4)(b), 647(l)(1), 647(l)(2), 653b(a)

Prostitution - 266*, 315, 316, 647(b), 653.22(a), 653.23(a)(1), 653.23(a)(2), 25601 BP

Contribute to Delinquency of Minor - 272, 272(a)(1), 272(b)(1), 273i(a)

Drunk - 647(f)

Liquor Laws - 172a, 172b.1, 172d.1, 172g.1, 172l, 303, 303a, 307, 347b, 397, 11200, 23224(a) VC, 23224(b) VC, 23300 BP, 23301 BP, 25177 BP, 25351 BP, 25602(a) BP, 25604 BP, 25606 BP, 25607(a) BP, 25608 BP, 25609 BP, 25612.5(c)(3) BP, 25631 BP, 25632 BP, 25657(a) BP, 25657(b) BP, 25658(a) BP, 25658(b) BP, 25658(c) BP, 25659.5(a) BP, 25659.5(c) BP, 25659.5(d) BP, 25660.5 BP, 25661(a) BP, 25662(a) BP, 25663(a) BP, 25663(b) BP, 25664 BP, 25665 BP, 120305 HS

Disorderly Conduct - 647(c), 647(e), 647(h), 647b, 653b(a)

Appendices

109

Notes: These codes are valid for 2018 data and may not be applicable for prior years. "All Other Felony Offenses" also includes sections in the Election Code and Water Code. "All Other Misdemeanor Offenses" also includes sections in the California Code of Regulations, City or County

Ordinances, Civil Procedure Code, Election Code, Public Utilities Code, Uniform Fire Code, and Water Code. Arrests for attempted offenses are reported in their respective categories with the exception of homicide and

manslaughter, which are captured in the felony assault category.

*These code sections can be either a felony or a misdemeanor.

Disturbing the Peace - 171f.2, 302(a), 403, 404(a), 404.6(a), 404.6(c)*, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 415(1), 415(2), 415(3), 415.5(a)(1), 415.5(a)(2), 415.5(a)(3), 416(a), 602.10, 602.11(a), 626.2, 626.4(d), 626.6(a), 626.7(a), 626.8(a)(1),626.8(a)(2), 626.8(a)(3), 626.81(a), 626.85(a)(1), 640(d)(1), 653c(a), 653c(b), 653m(a), 653m(b), 653x(a), 727, 9051 GC, 11460(a)

Malicious Mischief - 625b(a), 10750(a) VC, 10851.5 VC, 10852 VC, 10853 VC, 10854 VC, 28051 VC, 28051.5 VC

Vandalism - 422.6(b), 423.2(e), 423.2(f), 555.1, 587a, 587.1(a), 588b, 590, 591.5, 592(a), 594(a)(1)*, 594(a)(2)*, 594(a)(3)*, 594(b)(1)*, 594(b)(2)(a), 594(b)(2)(b), 594.3(a)*, 594.35(a)*, 594.4(a)*, 603, 604, 605.1, 605.2, 605.3, 607, 615, 616, 618, 621*, 622, 622 1/2, 623(a), 623(a)(1), 640(d)(5), 640.5(b)(1), 640.5(c)(1), 640.7, 640.8, 11411(a), 11411(b), 11411(c)*, 11411(d)*, 23110(a) VC, 27491.3 GC, 38318(a) VC, 38319 VC

Trespassing - 171f.1, 369g(a), 369i(a), 369i(b), 398 MV, 409.5(c), 554(a), 554(b), 554(c), 554(d), 554(e), 554(f), 554(g),554(h), 554(i), 555, 558, 587b, 593b, 602, 602(a), 602(b), 602(c), 602(d), 602(e), 602(f), 602(g), 602(h)(1), 602(i), 602(j),602(k), 602(l)(1), 602(l)(2), 602(l)(3), 602(l)(4), 602(m), 602(n), 602(o), 602(o)(1), 602(o)(2), 602(p), 602(q), 602(r), 602(s),602(t)(1), 602(u)(1), 602(v)(1), 602.1(a), 602.1(b), 602.4, 602.5, 602.5(a), 602.5(b), 602.6, 602.8(a), 602.9(a),602.9(b), 627.2, 627.7(a)(1), 627.8, 634*, 1583 FG, 27174.2 SH, 32210 EC, 32211 EC

Weapons - 136.2(a)(7)(b)2, 171b(a)(2)*, 171b(a)(4)*, 171b(a)(5)*, 171b(a)(6)*, 171d(a)*, 171d(b)*, 171.5(c)(1), 171.5(c)(2), 171.5(c)(3), 171.5(c)(4), 171.5(c)(5), 171.5(c)(6), 171.5(c)(7), 171.5(c)(8), 171.5(c)(9), 171.5(c)(10), 171.5(c)(11), 171.5(c)(12), 186.28(a)*, 468, 626.10(a)(1)*, 626.10(a)(2), 626.10(b)*, 626.10(i), 626.9(b)*, 626.95(a)*, 4574(c), 8103(i) WI*, 12761 HS*, 17500, 17505, 17510(a)(1), 17510(a)(2), 17510(a)(3), 17512, 18205, 18710(a)*, 19100*, 19200(a)*, 19910, 19915, 20010, 20160(a), 20165, 20310*, 20410*, 20510*, 20610*, 20710*, 20810(a), 20910*, 21110*, 21310*, 21510(a), 21510(b), 21510(c), 21710, 21810*, 22011*, 22210*, 22410*, 22610(a), 22610(b), 22610(c)(1), 22610(d), 22615(a), 22615(b), 22810(a)*, 22810(b), 22810(c)*, 22810(d)*, 22810(e)(1)*, 22810(e)(3), 22810(g)(1)*, 22815(a), 22900, 22910(a), 23920, 24310*, 24410*, 24510*, 24610*, 24710*, 25100(a)*, 25100(b), 25100(c), 25135, 25200(a), 25200(b), 25400(a)(1)*, 25400(a)(2)*, 25400(a)(3)*, 25400(c)(5)*, 25400(c)(6)*, 25400(c)(6)(b)*, 25400(f), 25800(a)*, 25850(a), 25850(c)(5)*, 25850(c)(6)*, 26100(a), 26100(b)*, 26100(d)*, 26180(a), 26350(a)(2), 26400(a), 26500(a), 27500(b)*, 27505(a)*, 27515*, 27520*, 27545*, 28050, 28210(a)(1)*, 29010(a), 29610*, 29650*, 29805*, 29815(a)*, 29820(b)*, 29825(a)*, 29825(b), 30210(a)*, 30210(b)*, 30300(a)(1), 30300(a)(3), 30305(a)(1)*, 30305(b)(1), 30306(a), 30310(a), 30315*, 30342, 30605(a)*, 30610(a), 31500*, 31615(a)(1), 31620, 32310*, 32900*, 33215*, 33600*

Driving Under the Influence - 655(b) HN, 655(c) HN, 655(d) HN, 655(e) HN, 655(f) HN, 23152(a) VC, 23152(b) VC, 23152(c) VC, 23152(d) VC, 23152(e) VC, 23152(f) VC, 23152(g) VC, 23153(a) VC*, 23153(b) VC*, 23153(f) VC*, 23153(g) VC*, 23247(a) VC, 23247(b) VC, 23247(c) VC, 23247(d) VC, 23247(e) VS, 23546(a) VC, 23550(a) VC*, 23550.5(a) VC*, 23573(i) VC

Glue Sniffing - 380(a), 381(a), 381(b), 381b, 381c(b), 647(f)

Hit-and-Run - 20001(b)(1) VC*, 20001(b)(2) VC*, 20002(a)(1) VC, 20002(a)(2) VC, 20002(b) VC

Joy Riding - 487(d)(1)*, 499b(a), 10851(a) VC*

Selected Traffic Violations - 23103(a) VC, 23103(b) VC, 23104(a) VC, 23105(a) VC*, 23109(a) VC*, 23109(b) VC, 23109(c) VC, 23109(d) VC, 23109.1 VC*, 38316 VC, 38317 VC, 40508(a) VC, 40508(b) VC, 40508(c) VC, 40519 VC, 42005(e) VC

Gambling - 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 326, 326.5(b), 326.5(n), 330, 330a, 330b(a), 330b(1), 330c, 330.1, 330.4, 331, 335,336, 337s(b), 337.1, 337.2, 337.5, 11300, 19921(a) BP, 19940 BP, 19941(a)(1) BP

Nonsupport - 270*, 270a, 270c, 270.5(a), 270.6, 271a

All Other Misdemeanor Offenses

Caseload – The number of juveniles under the supervision or jurisdiction of a probation department, excluding courtesy supervision, but including juveniles on diversion, informal probation (654 or 654.2 WI), non-ward probation (725(a) WI), or deferred entry of judgment (790 WI), and those who are wards of the juvenile court.

Closed at Intake – A referral that is closed by the probation department following an investigation of the circumstances and nature of the alleged offense. No further action is taken.

Deferred Entry of Judgment – A treatment program for first-time felony offenders aged 14 to 17 (790 WI).

Deferred Entry of Judgment Failure – A felony offender who fails the treatment program (793 WI).

Delinquent Act – An act committed by a juvenile for which an adult could be prosecuted in a criminal court.

Detention – The status of a juvenile immediately after arrest and prior to any court action.

Direct File in Adult Court – The filing of a juvenile case in a court of criminal jurisdiction (adult court) pursuant to 602(b) or 707(d) WI. (In 2016, voters passed Proposition 57 which ended the process of direct filing in adult court for juveniles.)

Dismissed – A petition dismissed by the juvenile court with no further action taken.

Disposition – An action taken by the probation officer or juvenile court because of a referral.

Diversion – Any delivery or referral of a minor by the probation department to a public or private agency with which the city or county has an agreement to provide diversion services. Diversion services must meet the following criteria:

1) The probation department must have referred the minor and maintain responsibility for that minor’s progress.

2) Placement and monitoring of the minor must have a beginning and ending date.

Diversion Dismissed – The successful completion of a diversion program.

Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) – The state entity that has jurisdiction over and maintains institutions as correctional schools for wards of the juvenile court and other persons committed from superior courts. (In July 2005, the California Youth Authority was consolidated with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation and renamed the Division of Juvenile Justice.)

Fitness Hearing – A hearing to determine whether the juvenile is a fit and proper subject to be dealt with under the juvenile court law. If the juvenile is found fit, adjudication remains in the juvenile court. If the juvenile is found unfit, adjudication is transferred to the adult court (707(a) WI).

Incorrigible – Incapable of being corrected, reformed, amended, or improved. With respect to juvenile offenders, unmanageable by parents or guardians.

Informal Probation (654 WI) – Supervision of a minor, in lieu of filing a petition, for a period not to exceed six months. The supervision is based on a contractual agreement between a probation

110

Appendix 6Juvenile Justice Glossary

Appendices

officer and a minor’s parents or guardian under Welfare and Institutions Code section 654.

Informal Probation (654.2 WI) – Supervision of a minor, in lieu of declaring a minor a ward of the court, for a period not to exceed six months. The supervision is based on a contractual agreement between a court and a minor’s parents or guardian. The period of supervision may be extended.

Non-Secure Facility – A facility where a juvenile is not physically restricted from leaving.

Non-Ward Probation – Probation grant, without wardship, from juvenile court for a specific time not to exceed six months (725(a) WI).

Petition – The formal presentation to juvenile court of information related to a juvenile’s alleged offense (similar to a criminal complaint for an adult).

Population at Risk – That portion of the total population who, because of like characteristics to the specific study group, are considered “at risk.” For juveniles, all persons between ages 10 and 17 would constitute the at-risk population.

Private Facility – A facility operated by a private individual or group.

Public Facility – A facility operated by a governmental agency other than a county probation department.

Referral – A juvenile who is brought to the attention of the probation department for alleged behavior under Welfare and Institutions Code sections 601 and 602.

Remand to Adult Court – A disposition resulting from a fitness hearing that finds a juvenile unfit for the juvenile system and transfers a juvenile to the adult system.

Reverse Remand – Occurs when a case is sent back to the juvenile system from the adult system.

Reverse Waiver for Sentencing – Occurs when the adult system sends a juvenile back to the juvenile system for sentencing.

Secure Facility – A facility where a juvenile is held behind a locked door, gate, or fence, or in which some person is responsible for physically preventing the juvenile’s escape or departure from the facility. Secure facility includes electronic monitoring.

Status Offenses – Acts that would not be classified as crimes if committed by adults.

Technical Violation – Occurs when a juvenile violates a condition of his or her probation but does not commit a new offense.

Traffic Court – A disposition indicating the case was transferred to the traffic court for processing.

Transfer – A disposition that transfers a juvenile to another county juvenile court or probation department.

Wardship Probation – A probation grant in which a minor is declared a ward of the juvenile court and placed on formal probation.

WI – Welfare and Institutions Code.

111

Acknowledgments

The DOJ is mandated by statute to submit an annual Juvenile Justice in California report.The department extends its appreciation to all the probation departments

and law enforcement agencies that provided complete and timely data.This report would not have been possible without their cooperation.

California Department of JusticeCalifornia Justice Information Services Division

Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigative Services Criminal Justice Statistics Center

P.O. Box 903427 • Sacramento, CA 94203-4270https://openjustice.doj.ca.gov

data-openjustice.doj.ca.gov...i juvenile justice in california 2018 provides insight into the...

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