Darwinian Evolution

Let’s take a close look!

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Charles Darwin—A Summary

• British Naturalist• Sailed aboard the H.M.S Beagle in 1831• Observed the wide variety of different animals in

the Galapagos Islands on this trip• He especially took note of the different

types/variations of beaks of the finches there• Darwin felt that the different beaks helped the

birds survive in different conditions (natural selection)

H.M.S Beagle

Galapagos Islands

Galapagos

Galapagos Finches

A Summary Continued

• Darwin postulated that all species of living things descended from a single ancestor

• In 1859 he published his theory in a book titled The Origin of Species

• Darwin believed that small changes over time would result in new species or types of organisms being formed

Darwinism/Evolution in a nutshell

• Non-living matterFirst CellAll life• IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE HERE THAT

DARWIN DID NOT KNOW ABOUT AMINO ACIDS OR PROTEINS, GENES, OR THE COMPLEXITY OF THE CELL AND BODY SYSTEMS.

Primitive Scientific Knowledge of the times

• The idea of spontaneous generation was in vogue at the time…maggots form from meat, bacteria could form spontaneously from muddy water, rats could be generated from dirty clothes.

• The laws of inheritance as proposed by Gregor Mendel were unknown to Darwin.

• Gregor Mendel the father of genetics opposed Darwin’s ideas

Gregor Mendel (1822-1882)

Gregor Mendel

• Did scientific studies with pea plants to show how traits are inherited from parents

• Published his findings in 1865 (Darwin published in 1859)

• Mendel’s findings fully accepted in 1900• Thus Darwin was ignorant of how heredity

worked

Evolution Teaches (#1):

The first life was a bacterium-like cell which formed out of an “abiotic-stew.” Life from non-life. There is no direction or intent.

Questions for evolution (#1)

• Louis Pasteur in 1862 proved the notion of “spontaneous generation”—life from non-life untrue.

• Rudolf Virchow showed that cells always come from preexisting cells.

• Code has never been observed to form on its own. There must always be a “coder” or a mind. Information requires mind.

• Genetic entropy- it’s down…not up!

Questions for evolution #1 continued

• The assembling of a protein requires DNA code.

• Bradley and Thaxton calculated the odds of 1 medium size protein to form on its own without DNA: 1 in 4.9 x 10191. 1 x 1050 is considered statistically impossible odds!

Evolution Teaches (#2)

• Life forming compounds such as amino acids (building blocks of proteins) were formed under experimental conditions. This proves that they could form in nature over eons of time.

Questions for evolution (#2)

• The most famous of these is the Stanley Miller experiment (1950s). It was carried out under forced-unrealistic conditions. Biologist today reject this experiment as valid. However it still appears in text books today!

Stanley Miller

The starting chemicals were “forced”Amino acids formed were removed via a trap

otherwise spark that formed them would also destroy

Amino acids formed were both right and left handed…life requires only left

Amino acids forced into concentration

Stanley Miller Experiment (1953)

Questions for evolution #2 cont.

• Much later Sydney Fox tried to form proteins using pure amino acids. This produced a substance he called “proteinoids” which in no way resembled actual proteins. Failure again.

Questions for evolution #2 cont.

• Even if you had all the correct proteins present together (200,000 different proteins for a single human cell), you would still need to assemble them into a functional, self-repairing, self-replicating cell! The odds of this occurring are far outside the reaches of probability regardless of how much time you have.

Define Inference:

• A conclusion drawn from the information available to you.

Review

• Have we ever scientifically shown the life can appear from non-life?

• Have we ever scientifically shown code to self-code?

• Can a cell self-assemble? How about a calculator?

• What is the best inference?

Evolution Teaches #3

• “Natural Selection” is part of the evolutionary process. Darwin believed that natural selection was the engine that drove evolution. Darwin’s finches (Galapagos finches) are evidences of evolution.

Question for evolution (#3)

• Natural selection is NOT evolution. It is merely the fact that organisms better adapted to their environment are able to survive and have offspring that will also have successful traits for survival.

• Natural selection only involves existing genes and information. No new information is created!

• Natural selection has never been observed to cause evolution as proposed by Darwin.

Darwin’s Finches (#3)

• The finches are a perfect example of natural selection, not evolution.

• We see a variation in finch beaks due to pre-programmed genetic code.

• The code/information has always been present starting with the original finch population that arrived on the islands.

Darwin’s Finches (#3)

• As different groups of finches were isolated from each other, the type of beak (as determined by the genetic code) that was the most successful was the one that became most common on that particular island. If conditions changed as long as the genes for the other traits were present, they could be expressed to meet the need of the isolated group.

Successful genes expressed

Different beak types determined by genes

Selective Breading Is the Opposite of Evolution

Evolution Teaches (#4)

• Homologous structures strongly support evolution—common ancestor.

Question for evolution (#4)—so does this mean these evolved?

Question for evolution (#4)—How do you explain wings “evolving” 3 different times?

• Birds, insects, bats

Evolution Teach (#5)—Vestigial Organs—Some organs are “left

overs” from our evolutionary past and serve no function—appendix,

tonsils, coccyx (tail bone).

Question for evolution (#5)

• Are these really useless organs? In 1895 German doctor Wiedersheim listed 100 vestigial organs. As technology improved we have discovered the use for these organs! In 1997 it was made clear that the appendix enhances the immune system. The tonsils do the same. The coccyx is an attachment for pelvic organs and muscles.

Evolution teaches (#6)

• There are great similarities in the development of organisms. This proves common ancestor.

Question for evolution (#6)

• You see similarities in adult forms of organisms, you would also see similarities in their development. This is not surprising! There has been much fraud regarding this. Discuss gill slits, and tail.

Common Lie

• "You remember what you learned in your 10th grade biology class—how that the developing embryo goes through various stages during its growth? It goes through a fish stage, where it has 'gill slits' just like a fish. At other times it has a yolk sac like a bird, and a tail like a monkey. At two months it is probably going through its fish stage; it is not fully human yet. Don't think of it as a baby, but as a fish."

The Truth

• True enough, at an early stage of development the human fetus does have certain folds or creases which resemble these found in a fish embryo. As they develop, however, the resemblance stops. In the fish, the folds develop into gills; but in the human, they develop into the glands and structures in the ear and neck areas.

The Truth!

The Truth!

The Truth!

• Similarly, the embryonic human "tail" is in reality the developing coccyx, or "tail bone," a vitally important, fully human feature—many important muscles attach to this bone. It has nothing to do with a tail.

The Truth

• The so-called yolk sac is not a source of nourishment as in a bird egg, but is the source of the embryo's first blood cells. Everything about the human embryo is totally unique and human.

Evolution teaches (#7)

• The similarity in the DNA between humans and chimps (98-99% similar) proves there is a common ancestor between the two kinds.

Question for evolution (#7)

• We have been told this for decades.• The truth is that they are NOT similar• New and better sampling techniques show

they are profoundly different• Y-chromosome is the only one that they can

accurately compare at this time• The architecture of the chimp’s is vastly

different than that of human’s

#8 Evolution Teaches:“Junk” DNA proves evolution

Question for #8

Have you not heard the news?

Question for Evolution (#8)

There is NO “junk” DNAThere was a time when geneticists did not

know what certain DNA regions were forIgnorance does not mean that it is “junk”Improved technology has revealed that what

was thought of as “junk” is really very important regulatory DNA.

Repeat. There is NO junk DNA!

Evolution teaches (#8)

• The fossil record proves that animals branched out from a common ancestor and evolved from “simple” to more “complex.” There are many transitional forms found in the fossil record supporting evolution.

Question for evolution (#8)

• The fossil record supports “abrupt appearance” not evolution! All major types of multicellular phyla appear suddenly.

Fossil Record Supports an Orchard of Life, Not a Tree of Life

Evidence Shows• The trees in this orchard do not overlap one another or cross one another,

representing the limits of variety within the DNA of the created kinds. This view (developed by Dr. Kurt Wise) is confirmed by the evidence from observational science.