damodar valley corporation dvc training report
TRANSCRIPT
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Department of Electrical Engineering
P R O J E C
T R E P O R T O N D
A M O D A R
V A L L E Y C O R P O R A T I O N ( D V C )
DVC is the first-ever multipurpose river valley project of independent
India which came into being on July 7, 1948 by an act of Constituent Assembly (Act no. XIV of 1948). DVC was set up with the intent of promoting and operating the schemes which may cause social andeconomic uplift in the valley region. The difficult but effective water management by the corporation has turned the devastating river Damodar from a “River of Sorrow” to a “River of opportunities”.
B y
R A J E S
H G
A R A I
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I wish to express my gratitude to all those individuals with whom, I interacted and gainedknowledge, insight and thoughts while preparing this project report.
First of all, I am grateful to the Sr. Chief Engineer (Sys. & Gen.) & HOP, DVC, Maithon for
granting me permission to do this project in the organization. At the same time I would like to
thank The Sr. P.R.O., The C.E. (CLD), THE C.E. (Trans.), THE C.E.(CM),CSO, and THE C.E (Hydel) for
their co-operation during the training period. I would also extend my thanks to
Shri B. Aggarwal, Kumardhubi sub-station
Shri Sanjay Bhattacharya,Incharge Kumardhubi sub-station
Shri S.K. Saha, Electrical Workshop(Transformer)
Shri M.S. Das, Electrical Workshop(Motor)
for their able guidance and encouragement while working on this project.
I also take this opportunity to thank the Superintending Engineers of all the divisions of DVC for
their co-operation while I visited their respective divisions. I also owe a lot to my father Shri S.
C. Garai, Practicing Cost Accountant, who has always been a source of guidance and inspiration
while making this project and without the help of whom, doing this project was almost
impossible.
Last but not the least; I would like to thank my internal project guide Shri Bibhas Bit, P.A.,
D.M.(Vigilance), DVC Maithon for his help as and when required.
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Public Relation Office
o Introduction
o Mission & Vision
o Physical Performanceo Generation Project
o Anticipated Growth
o Infrastructure
o Water Management Overview
o Mining
o Dams & Barrage
o Reservoir Operation
o Welfare
o Rural Electrification
Central Load Dispatch
o Introduction
o Real Time DVC Ex-Bus Generation (MW)
o Meter Locations in DVC Interconnected System
o UI rate & Frequency
o SCADA
Transmission
o Kumardhubi Substation
o Ratings
o Common Terms
o Transmission System
o Gridmap
o Substation
o Electrical substation model (side-view)
o Powermap
CSO
o Introduction
o Transformer
o Motor
Hydro
o Introduction
o Operation
o Francis Turbine
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Address: PRO office, Combined Administrative Building (2nd Floor), Area-6,
Damodar Valley Corporation,
P.O Maithon Dam, Dist. Dhanbad, Jharkhand
PIN-828207
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1
DVC, a legacy to the people of India, emerged as a culmination of attempts made over a
whole century to control the wild and erratic Damodar river. The river spans over an area of 25,000 sq. kms
covering the states of Bihar (now Jharkhand) & West Bengal.
The Damodar Valley has been ravaged frequently by floods of varying intensities and the first of the major
recorded flood dates back to 1730. Thereafter serious floods occurred at regular intervals, but it was the floodof 1943 that left the worst devastation in its wake. As a result, the Governor of Bengal appointed a Board of
Inquiry headed by the Maharaja of Burdwan and the noted physicist Dr. Meghnad Saha as member. In their
report, the Board suggested creation of an authority similar to the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) of United
States of America. The Government of India then appointed Mr. W.L. Voorduin, a senior engineer of the TVA
to make recommendations for comprehensive development of the valley. Accordingly, in August, 1944, Mr.
Voorduin submitted his "Preliminary Memorandum on the Unified Development of the Damodar River".
Mr. Voorduin’s "Preliminary Memorandum" suggested a multipurpose development plan designed for
achieving flood control, irrigation, power generation and navigation in the Damodar Valley. Four consultants
appointed by the Government of India examined it. They also approved the main technical features of
Voorduin’s scheme and recommended early initiation of construction beginning with Tilaiya to be followed by
Maithon.
By April 1947, full agreement was practically reached between the three Governments of Central, Bengal and
Bihar on the implementation of the scheme and in March 1948, the Damodar Valley Corporation Act (Act No.
XIV of 1948)was passed by the Central Legislature, requiring the three governments – the Central Government
and the State Governments of West Bengal and Bihar (now Jharkhand) to participate jointly for the purpose of
building the Damodar Valley Corporation.
The Corporation came into existence on 7th July, 1948 as the first multipurpose river valley project of
independent India
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To realize DVC’s Mission, the following corporate objectives have been identified for persuasion:
Generate maximum on sustainable basis through implementation of best O&M practices.
Rejuvenate old generating units through refurbishment / replacement / comprehensive overhauling
programme.
Capacity augmentation through extension and green field projects.
Strengthening of the existing transmission and distribution network and augmentation to match withthe capacity addition.
Transmit, distribute and supply reliable and quality power at competitive tariff.
Improve the financial health of the Corporation by adoption of efficient industrial, commercial and
human resource management practices.
Ensure optimum utilization of available water resources through effective and efficient management
and harnessing the remaining potential of Damodar basin.
Adopt measures for pollution abatement of Damodar River.
Ensure environmental protection at plant level.
Strengthen activities of eco-conservation in the valley area & to make Damodar valley more Green.
Unified socio-economic development for the inhabitants of villages neighboring major projects of DVC.
To pursue with development of tourism at Maithon, Panchet, Tilaiya and Hazaribagh.
Revival of Fish Farming in DVC reservoirs.
Skill development training to local youth around DVC Projects to improve their employability &
upgrading infrastructural facilities at existing Industrial Training Institute (ITI) at Purulia, Durgapur &
Chhatna in West Bengal & Chas and Hazaribagh in Jharkhand and also setting up of the Jharkhand
Govt. proposed new ITI at Kodarma as well as new ITI at existing Chandrapura Training Institute of
DVC.
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Generation of Electricity
Actual Generation(MU)
Plants 2009-10 2010-11
Thermal 14521.52 16263.9
Hydel 198.11 115.6
Overall 14719.63 16379.5
Other operating parameters of thermal generating units:
Thermal
Parameter 2009-2010 2010-2011
Plant Load Factor (%) 61.17 68.51
Specific Oil Consumption (ml/kwh) 2.66 1.74
Auxiliary Power Consumption (%) 10.68 10.72
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Sl.
No.
Project Unit Capacity
(MW)
Status
Project implementation by DVC own
1 MTPS Extension Unit#5 250 MW COD declared on
29.02.2008
2 MTPS Extension Unit#6 250 MW COD declared on
24.09.2008
3 CTPS Extension Unit#7 250 MW COD declared on
02.11.2011
4 CTPS Extension Unit#8 250 MW COD declared on
15.07.20115 Mejia TPS Unit#7 500 MW COD declared on
02.08.2011
6 Mejia TPS Unit#8 500 MW Full load achieved
on 26.03.2011
7 Koderma TPS Unit#1 500 MW Full load achieved
on 20.07.2011
8 Koderma TPS Unit#2 500 MW Under Construction
9 Durgapur Steel TPS Unit#1 500 MW COD declared on15.05.2012
10 Durgapur Steel TPS Unit#2 500 MW Full load achieved
on 23.03.2012
11 Raghunathpur Ph-I TPS Unit#1 600 MW Under Construction
12 Raghunathpur Ph-I TPS Unit#2 600 MW Under Construction
13 Bokaro-A TPS Unit#1 500 MW Under Construction
Project implementation through Joint Venture
1 Maithon RB TPS [by MPL,JV of DVC & TPC]
Unit#1 525 MW COD declared onSept'2011
Unit#2 525 MW Full load achieved
on May'2012
Up to May'2012
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Plan Period Year Energy Requirement
(MU)
Peak Demand
(MW)
10th Plan 2002-2003 9307.52 1758
2003-2004 9635.00 1819
2004-2005 10018.08 1892
2005-2006 13588.80 1986
2006-2007 14155.00 2145
11th Plan 2007-2008 15146.00 2340
2008-2009 15903.00 2574
2009-2010 17334.00 2857
2010-2011 18200.00 3085
2011-2012 19135.00 3333
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DVC INFRASTRUCTURE AT A GLANCE DVC Command Area 24,235 Sq. Kms
POWER MANAGEMENT
Total Installed Capacity 2796.5 MW
Thermal Power Stations Five Capacity 2570 MW
Hydel Power Stations Three Capacity 144 MW
Gas Turbine Station One Capacity 82.5 MW
Sub-stations and Receiving Stations
At 220 KV – 11 nos.
At 132 KV – 33 nos.
At 33 KV – 16 nos.
Transmission Lines
220 KV – 1500 ckt kms
132 KV – 3415 ckt kms
33 KV – 1070 ckt kms
Water Management
Major Dams and Barrage Tilaiya, Konar, Maithon Panchet dams and DurgapurBarrage
Irrigation Command Area (gross) 5.69 lakh hectares
Irrigation Potential Created 3.64 lakh hectares
Flood Reserve Capacity 1292 million Cu.m.
Canals 2494 kms
Soil Conservation
Forests, Farms, Upland and Wasteland Treatment 4 lakh hectares (approx)
Check Dams 16,000 (approx)
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Water Management Overview
DVC has a network of four dams - Tilaiya and Maithon on river Barakar, Panchet on river Damodar and Konar
on river Konar. Besides, Durgapur barrage and the canal network, handed over to Government of West Bengal
in 1964, remained a part of the total system of water management. DVC dams are capable of moderating
floods of 6.51 lac cusec to 2.5 lac cusecs.
Four multipurpose dams were constructed during the period 1948 to 1959.
a) Maithon Dam
b) Panchet dam
c) Tilaiya Damd) Konar Dam
Flood reserve capacity of 1292 mcm has been provided in 4 reservoirs, which can moderate a peak
flood of 18395 cumec to a safe carrying capacity of 7076 cumec.
419 mcm of water is stored in the 4 DVC reservoirs to supply 680 cusec of water to meet industrial,
municipal and domestic requirements in West Bengal & Jharkhand.
A barrage on river Damodar was constructed in 1955 at Durgapur for supply of irrigation water to the
districts of Burdwan, Bankura & Hoogly.
Irrigation Command Area (Gross) - 5.69 lakh hectares.
Irrigation Potential Created - 3.64 lakh hectares.
Canals - 2494 kms.
30,000 ha of land in the upper valley is being irrigated, every year by lift irrigation with the water
available from 16,000 (approx) check dams constructed by DVC.
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Mining Activities
DVC started its mining activities in 1951 by acquiring captive coalmine at Bermo from the Indian Railway to
meet the coal requirement of Bokaro ‘A’ Thermal Power Station.
During 2006 – 07, Bermo Mines made a production of 3.85 lakhs MT of coal surpassing the target of 3.6 lakhs
MT and made a profit of Rs. 5.1 crore
Physical Performance of Bermo Mines
Year OB removal
(Cu.mtr)
Achievement
(%)
Coal production
(MT) Achievement (%)
2005 – 06 339173 28.26 368007 102.00
2006 – 07 1310714.30 137 384911.44 106.92
For supplying coal to new power plants coming under capacity addition programme during 10th and 11th Five
Year Plants, DVC has acquired three coal blocks namely, Barjora (North), Khagra Joydev and Kasta (East) from
Eastern Coalfields Ltd. Besides these, the Gondulpara coal block has been allotted both to DVC and Tenughat
Vidyut Nigam Ltd. Of Jharkhand for mining and sharing the production equally. For this coal block, Tenughat
Vidyut Nigam Ltd, is the lead company. To raise coal from the other newly acquired coal block, a joint venture
company named DVC EMTA Coalmines Ltd, has been formed by DVC with the Eastern Minerals & Trading
Agency (EMTA).
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Tilaiya Konar Maithon Panchet Inauguration 21.02.53 15.10.55 27.09.57 06.12.59
On River Barakar Konar Barakar Damodar
District Hazaribagh Hazaribagh Dhanbad Dhanbad
State Jharkhand Jharkhand Jharkhand/
W. Bengal
Jharkhand/
W.Bengal
Height above river bed (meters) 30.18 48.77 50.00* 40.84*
44.00** 45.00**
Length (meters) 366 4535 4860 6777
Width of roadway (meters) 3.81 5.79 6.78 10.67
Power generating capacity 2 x 2 MW - 3 x 20 MW 2 x 40 MW
Storage capacity (million cu.m.)
To dead storage 75.25 60.4 207.24 170.37
To top of gates 394.74 336.76 1361.84 1497.54
Allocation of storage capacities (MCM)
For irrigation & power 141.86 220.81 611.84 228.21For flood control 177.63 55.51 542.76 1086.76
Drainage area (sq. km.) 984.2 997.1 6293.17 10966.1
Reservoir (sq. km.)
At dead storage level 15.38 7.49 24.28 27.92
At maximum conservation pool 38.45 23.15 71.35 121.81
Area top of gates 74.46 27.92 107.16 153.38
*Earthen Dam **Concrete Dam
Durgapur Barrage Year of construction 1955
Length 692 m
Number of gates 34 (including under sluice)
Size of gates 18.3m x 4.9m [60 ft x 16 ft]
Left & right under sluice 18.3m x 5.5 m [60 ft x 18 ft]
Operating levels Between RL. 64.5 m [211.5 ft] to RL. 63.4 m [208.0 ft]
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Monsoon Operation (June - October)
A vast hydrometeorological station network with VHF / wireless facilities exists over the Damodar
catchment area.
On real time basis {hourly, 3 hourly, 6 hourly} data of river gauge, rainfall, river discharge are measured
and transmitted through existing communication network to central flood control station at Maithon.
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Kolkata transmit the rainfall forecast for next 24 hrs for the
entire Damodar valley region to Maithon.
Computer model available at Flood Forecasting Unit (FFU) at Maithon estimates the inflow into the
reservoirs based on the real time data & the rainfall forecast of IMD.
According to detailed guidelines contained in the "Damodar Valley Reservoir Regulation Manual"
Member Secretary DVRRC (Damodar Valley Reservoir Regulation Committee) after discussion with SE,Damodar Irrigation Circle Govt. of W B, Manager, Reservoir Operation of DVC and SE, Tenughat of
Govt. of Jharkhand decides day to day release of water from Maithon and Panchet Dams and issues
advice for release of water through the dams.
Flood Warning
Before releasing water from dams spillway gates, necessary warning is communicated to district
authorities, affected downstream industries, municipalities and others including senior administrative
officials of Burdwan, Bankura and Purulia. , I0 W Dept., Govt. of W.B., EE, DHW, Durgapur, Member
(RM), CWC, New Delhi. Whenever discharge from Maithon & Panchet dams exceeds 1132 cumec (40,000 cusec), special
messages are broadcasted through Doordarshan and AIR regional news bulletins.
Doordarshan, Kolkata also telecasts daily weather forecast with probable rainfall in the Damodar
Valley.
Water for Irrigation
Water from DVC dams is regulated by the Durgapur barrage through the existing network of 2494 kms of canals. This ha
created irrigation potential for 3.64 lakh hectares of land annually.
3.42,000 hectares of Kharif Crop, 22,000 hectares of rabi crop and 30,000 hectares of boro crop are irrigated annually in
the districts of Barddhaman, Hooghly, Bankura and Howrah in the state of West Bengal.
About 30,000 hectares of land in the upper valley is irrigated annually by lift-irrigation with water available from over
16,000 check dams constructed by DVC.
Industrial and Civic water provisions
About 625 cusec of water is released every year to meet the demand of approximately 150 industries, civic
bodies and railways in Jharkhand and West Bengal.
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Social Integration Programme(SIP)
DVC launched its Social Integration Programme (SIP) in 1981.SIP is basically an expression of DVC’s deep
commitment to socio-economic and infrastructural development of the communities residing within a 10 Km
radius of its main projects.
The programme started with 25 villages. At present it operates in 375 villages covering 70 Panchayats in 12
blocks of Dhanbad, Giridih, Bokaro and Hazaribagh districts of Jharkhand and Barddhaman, Purulia and
Bankura districts of West Bengal.
Areas covered under the programme:
Education
Agriculture
Health
Infrastructural Development
Sports and Culture
Rural Electrification
Self- employment
Social Forestry
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With a view to provide access to electricity to all rural households, Government of India has launched a new
scheme under “RAJIV GANDHI GRAMEEN VIDYUTIKARAN YOJANA”. The task of implementing the scheme and
to augment resource capacities for implementation, Union Ministry of Power has involved CPSUs like NTPC,
NHPC, PGCIL & DVC for making available their expertise and capabilities to the states willing to use the same.
DVC has been assigned the project of rural electrification in Purba Medinipore district of West Bengal and
eight districts in Jharkhand, namely, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Koderma, Giridih, Hazaribagh, Gumla, Simdega and
Chatra as deposit work on behalf of respective SEBs. Quadripartite agreement have been signed by REC, DVC,
respective State Governments and SEBs. All funds in the form of subsidy and loan assistance provided by the
Government for the programme would be channelised through REC. Beside this, REC will act as nodal agency
for complete supervision of the programme from concept to completion. The role of DVC is in project
formulation, planning, design and engineering, procurement of goods and implementation/commissioning of the project.
PROJECT AT A GLANCE IN WEST BENGAL
DVC has been executing Rural Electrification Project under AREP (Accelerated Rural Electrification Programme)
Scheme in the District of East Midnapur of West Bengal covering 807 nos. un-electrified mouzas as per the
project sanctioned by REC. The work is expected to be completed by March, 2008.
The scheme has subsequently been merged with the newly formulated RGGVY Scheme and as such, DVC has
to undertake intensification work in the said districts for providing 100% access to electricity to all mouzas
having population of 100 nos. or more as per MOP/REC guidelines. Accordingly, DPR for such intensification
comprising of a total of 2854 partly electrified mouzas have been submitted to REC for which sanction is
awaited.
PROJECT AT A GLANCE IN JHARKHAND
Similar assignment has been entrusted to DVC for rural electrification project in the State of Jharkhand by the
Jharkhand State Electricity Board (JSEB) on behalf of Government of Jharkhand with the concurrence of
REC. Quadripartite agreement with REC, DVC, Government of Jharkhand and JSEB has already been
signed. The project in Jharkhand will cover 8547 villages in 8 districts namely, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Koderma,
Giridih, Hazaribagh, Gumla, Simdega and Chatra spread over 76 no. blocks under RGGVY Scheme.
Rural Electrification works in Dhanbad, Koderma, Bokaro, Gumla and Simdega districts are in progress as per
the projects sanctioned by REC whereas the contracts for the rest three districts namely, Chatra, Hazaribagh
and Giridih are ready for award and awaiting sanction from REC.
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Address-
CLD office, Combined Administrative Building (2nd Floor), Area-6, Damodar Valley Corporation,
P.O Maithon Dam, Dist. Dhanbad, Jharkhand
PIN-828207
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Introduction A ULDC/load Dispatch Centre of Damodar Valley Corporation is the Modern
Computerized on-line data monitoring system of DVC.
Main Display at Central Load Dispatch
(Date – 18 July, 2012)
(Time – 10:17 am)
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Real Time DVC Ex-Bus Generation (MW)DATE: July 29, 2012 FREQUENCY: 49.95 UI RATE: 201.50 Last update
Time:20:43
THERMAL HYDELUNITS BTPS-B MTPS DTPS CTPS DST
PS
KTP
S
RTP
S
MHS PHS
UNIT1 0 0 0 295 13 34UNIT2 156 175 74 0 19 35UNIT3 174 0 118 97 13UNIT4 132 142UNIT5 204UNIT6 200UNIT7 0 235UNIT8
527 254TOTAL 330 1238 260 659 295 45 69
BUS VOLTAGE TIE FLOW (MW) GENERATION
MW
220 KV SYSTEM 132 KV SYSTEM SCHEDULE ACTUAL THERMAL 2782
230 133 -594 -796 HYDEL 115
TOTAL 2897
394.00 -796 SEMData
SEM Meter Location (-) Outflow, (+) Inflow
Real time power generation counter is available at:-
http://portal.dvc.gov.in/ddd.html
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Address - Kumardubi Sub station,
Kumardubi, Dhanbad, Jharkhand
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KUMARDHUBI 132KV (Sub-Station)
The 33kV, 132kV DVC substation at Kumardubi is fed by two 132 kV feeders, one from Maithon and another fromPanchet. The substation is a part of 132kV GOMD II Grid. It comes under the direct control of Damodar Valley
Corporation Ltd. It is one of the oldest substations in India.
The substation feeds
ER (Eastern Railway)
–
Two Phase Line (Red and Yellow)
JSEB (Jharkhand State Electricity Board) - Three Phase Line WBSEB (West Bengal State Electricity Board) - Three phase Line
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This Sub Station provides supply to INDIAN RAILWAY, JSEB and WBSEB. The yard mainly consists of the static machines.
The main things in the yard are transformers, current transformers, potential transformers, towers, bus bars, isolators,
circuit breakers, lighting arresters, insulators used for the machines. The whole place is covered with granite.
Underground cables are used to connect the equipment in the yard with the control room.
BUS BAR
The no of lines operating at the same Voltage are directly connected to a common Electrical component called Bus –Bar.
Bus Bar is of Copper or Aluminum rectangular in cross section operates at constant Voltage. Conductor is Kundah. The
incoming & outgoing lines in sub-stations are connected to Bus Bar.
BUS-BAR Arrangement:
The bus-bar in this substation is a 1 ½ bus bar arrangement where three breakers are used to control two buses. This is a
highly advantageous system. These results in a drastic reduction in the cost of circuit breakers and isolators required as
compared to the conventional arrangement. It also results in a reduction in the total area required to set up the bus bar
network. All newly set up substations are now using this system of bus bar arrangement.
The other advantages of this arrangement are as follows: -
1) If fault occurs on any section of the bus bar, that section can be isolated without affecting the supply from other
sections
2) Repair & maintenance of any section of the bus-bar can be carried out by de-energizing that section only, thus
eliminating the possibility of complete shutdown.
Feeders –incoming and outgoing
There are a total of two 132 kV incoming feeders to the substation as seen in the single line diagram. They carry power
from Maithon and Panchet. These have been designated as Line- 70 and Madurai-16 respectively.
There are 10 outgoing feeders.
2 for Railway
5 for JSEB
3 for WBSEB
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Ratings
132KV OCB FOR TRANSFORMER # II (RLY TRANSFORMER-25MVA)
Type: HKEYC 2/120/800
Make: ASEA Commissioned on: 13.05.61
Rated Voltage: 132 kV
Rated Continuous Current: 800A (2 phase)
Rated Short time Current: 14kA for 3 sec
Making Current: 29 kA
Breaking Current: Symmetrical -11.35 kA Asymmetrical-11.35 kA
Rupturing Capacity: 2500 MVA at 132 kV
Auxiliary Supply: 250V DC
Closing device: Spring
Spring charging motor Supply: DC C.T Ratio: 200/5
33kV OCB (TRANSFORMER # I)
Type: OCB- KOR
Make: NISSIN ELECTRICAL CO. Ltd.
Commissioned on: 04.10.1967
Rated Voltage:33kV
Rated Continuous Current: 1200 Amp Rated Short time Current: 3sec – 26.3KA
Rupturing Capacity: 1500 MVA
Breaking Capacity: Symmetrical- 26.3 kA, Asymmetrical- 32.2 kA
Rated making Current: 67.1kA(peak)
Closing Device: Spring
Driving Motor: 440 V,3 phase, 50 Hz, 0.4 KW
Auxiliary Supply: 250v DC, 440 V AC, 3 phase
CB- 03(SF6 CGL)
Type: 70 SFM- 31 A (1 phase)
Date of commissioning: 18.12.2000
Rated voltage: 72.5kV
Rated Continuous Current: 1600 kV
Rated Short time Current: 3 sec- 31.5 kVA
First Pole to Clear Factor: 1.5
Rated Line Charging Braking Current: 10 A
Rated Closing Voltage: 250V DC
Rated Opening Voltage: 250V DC
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Lightning Impulse Withstant:325 kvp
SF6 gas Pressure: 5 kg/cm2
at 20’ C
Auxiliary Supply: 415 VAC
BUSHING C.T. (NEUTRAL)
Make: C & H ltd (England)
Type: 22BO Ratio: 600-300-150/5*
Frequency: 50Hz
Volts: 50kV
Burden: 25
Class: 510
Sp. No: BS 2046
132kV POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
Make: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
Type: EMFA-120
Commissioned on:- 13.06.1961
Quantity: 3 Nos., 1 Phase
Ratio:13200 110 110 110
/ /110 / /
3 3 3 3
Burden: 5000MVA; No. of phases:3
Frequency: 50Hz
Accuracy: B
Class
Sl. No. :
R-4623891
Y-4623890
B-4623889
BSS- 81/1936
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Common Terms
Instrument Transformers:The lines in the substation operate at high voltage and carry current of thousands of ampere. The measuring
instruments and protective devices are designed for low voltage and current . They will not work satisfactorily if
mounted directly on the power lines. This difficulty is overcome by installing instrument transformers. The function is totransfer voltage or current in the power line to values convenient for the operation of measuring instruments and relays
The two type of instrument transformer in the substation are:
1) Current Transformer
2) Capacitive voltage transformer
Isolators:In order to disconnect a part of the system for general maintenance and repair, isolators are used. It is a knife switch &
designed to open a circuit under no load. If isolators are to be opened, the CB connected must be opened first.
Otherwise there is possibility of occurrence of spark at the isolator contacts. Symbol –/ –. After repair close Isolators and
then CB. Two types line isolators & bus isolators. For bus isolators, there is no earth switch.
Circuit Breakers:A circuit breaker is equipment, which can open or close a circuit under normal as well as fault conditions. It can operate
manually as well as remote control under normal condition and automatically under fault condition. For latter relay
circuits are used. It consists of a moving and fixed contacts enclosed in strong metal tank. Under normal condition
contacts remain closed and the CT senses the breaker carries full load current .The protection operation. When fault
occurs, the over-current in the CT primary winding increases the secondary EMF thus energizing the trip coil and moving
contacts are pulled down, thus opening the contacts and hence the circuit .The arc produced during is quenched by
different medium like SF6 gas, vacuum etc.
DC Battery set:
In order to ensure the smooth operation of the circuit breakers even in the event of a failure in the ac supply to theoperating motor, and to supply dc to the various relay coils, the substation has a dc battery set. It consists of 110 cells of
rating 400AH each with voltage output of 2V (so total=220V). There are two such sets of cells. In addition to this, there
are two other sets of dc cells having voltage=50V meant to supply Power Line Carrier (PLCC) equipment.
DC Generator set:In order to ensure continuous auxiliary supply to the substation auxiliary equipment, a dc generator set is also provided
here. Its capacity is 250kVA.
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Charged with the responsibilities of providing electricity, the vital input for industrial growth inthe resource-rich Damodar Valley region, DVC over the last 60 years has developed a big androbust transmission network consisting of 132 KV and 220 KV grids. DVC grids operates in
unison with the eastern regional grid through 132 KV and 220 KV tie lines. All the power stationsand substations of DVC are connected with the DVC grids. DVC power consumers are providedsupply at 25 KV, 33 KV, 132 KV and 220 KV pressure.
DVC Transmission Lines in service at a glance
State Transmission line length in CKm
220 KV 132 KV
Jharkhand 798 2238
West Bengal 536 1177TOTAL 1334 3415
Interconnecting Tie Lines with DVC Network
Tie-Line Voltage Other Utility Length(CKm)
D/C DTPS-Bidhannagar 220KV WBSEB 34.52
S/C Jamshedpur-Joda 220KV GRIDCO 135.00
D/C Kalyaneswari-Pithakari 220KV PGCIL 13.5
D/C Parulia-Parulia 220KV PGCIL 2.00
S/C CTPS-STPS* 220KV WBSEB 12.64
S/C Barhi-Biharsharif 132KV JSEB 95.00S/C Barhi-Rajgir 132KV JSEB 80.00
S/C Maithon-Sultanganji 132KV JSEB 107.60
S/C Ramgarh-PTPS 132KV JSEB 30.40
D/C Patratu-PTPS 132KV JSEB 20.00
S/C Chandil-Manique 132KV JSEB 3.00
D/C DTPS-DPL* 132KV DPL 22.00
S/C Kolaghat-Kolaghat 132KV WBSEB 3.00
S/C Kharagpur-Kharagpur 132KV WBSEB 1.00
S/C Purulia-Purulia 132KV WBSEB 0.00
*Out of service.
DVC Substations in service (Nos.) at a glance
State 220 KV 132 KV
Jharkhand 4 12
West Bengal 6 21
TOTAL 10 33
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Substations
GOMD I GOMD II GOMD III GOMD IV GOMD V GOMD VI
Howrah Kalyaneshwari Jamshedpur Putki Hazaribagh Durgapur
Kolaghat Kalipahari Chandil Patherdih Ramgarh Purulia
Kharagpur Ramkanali Mosabani Sindri Gola ASP
Belmuri Kumardubi Purulia Nimia Ghat Patratu Barjora
Burdwan Burnpur Giridih NorthKaranpura
Barhi
Koderma
Konar
At 33 KVReceiving Stations
GOMD I GOMD II GOMD III GOMD IV GOMD V
Maithon R/Bank Digwadi West Bokaro
Kulti ACC Koderma
Rupnarayanpur Sijua
CLW Katras
Kumardubi Jamadoba
HirapurSeebpur
Lachipur
disergarh
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Electrical substation model (side-view)
A: Primary power lines' side B: Secondary power lines' side
1. Primary power lines
2. Ground wire
3. Overhead lines
4. Transformer for measurement of electric voltage
5. Disconnect switch
6. Circuit breaker
7. Current transformer
8. Lightning arrester
9. Main transformer
10. Control building
11. Security fence
12. Secondary power lines
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DVC Power Plants, Dams and Barrages
.
Hydel Power Plant
Maithon
PanchetTilaiya
Thermal Power Plant BTPS (B)
CTPS
DTPSMTPS
Dam Konar
Panchet
Tilaiya Maithon
GT
Maithon
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Address: - CSO building, Area-6, Damodar Valley Corporation,
P.O Maithon Dam, Dist. Dhanbad, Jharkhand
PIN-828207
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Introduction
Figure 1 - Transformer Inside View, Workshop
Workshop of DVC do repairing of Transformer and Motor not only for DVC but for other Organisation
too.
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Transformers Power Transformers:
Power transformers are used to step the voltage up or down. The transformers in the yard mainly have
two physical divisions: one on the cooling arrangement and other on the winding arrangement. There
are two indicator attached to the power transformer:
WTI-> Winding Temperature Indicator
OTI-> Oil Temperature Indicator
Hotspot of the Transformer:-
Hot spot is a place inside the main tank of the transformer where the temperature of winding and
oil are assumed to be maximum. At hotspot an insulated bucket is placed in which a mercury system
sensor is placed to measure the temperature of winding and oil inside the main tank of the
transformer.
The thermo-static sensor is connected through a thermostatic insulated wire system to the WTI and
OTI which gives us the accurate temperature winding and oil of the transformer. WTI and OTI are
equipped with a higher temperature limit switch which sense in case of rise of temperature of
winding and oil and gives us an alarm to maintain the temperature.
Conservator tank of the transformer :
To make up the oil of transformer due to rise and fall of the oil of the transformer. Inside the main
tank of the transformer the compression and expansion of level is maintained by the oil kept in
conservator tank.
Buchholz relay :
Buchholz Relay is a lockout type relay which operates only in the case of internal fault of the
transformer incase if Buchholz Relay operates and gives us an alarm in that condition the
transformer circuit breaker should not be closed in any condition without proper verification of the
Transformer Oil, insulation level of the associated parts and other relevant particle. The Buchholz
Relay is equipped with a necessary contact system which senses in case of above abnormalities. It is
generally operated when any poisonous gas is inhaled by transformer through its silica gel breatheror any other leakage parts.
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Transformer oil Transformer oil or insulating oil is usually a highly-refined mineral oil that is stable at high temperaturesand has excellent electrical insulating properties. It is used in oil-filled transformers, some types of high
voltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts, and some types of high voltage switches and circuit
breakers. Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona and arcing, and to serve as a coolant.
On-site testing
Some transformer oil tests can be carried out in the field, using portable test apparatus. Other tests, such
as dissolved gas, normally require a sample to be sent to a laboratory. Electronic on-line dissolved gas
detectors can be connected to important or distressed transformers to continually monitor gas generationtrends.
To determine the insulating property of the dielectric oil, an oil sample is taken from the device under test,
and its breakdown voltage is measured on-site according the following test sequence:
In the vessel, two standard-compliant test electrodes with a typical clearance of 2.5 mm are
surrounded by the insulating oil.
During the test, a test voltage is applied to the electrodes. The test voltage is continuously increased
up to the breakdown voltage with a constant slew rate of e.g. 2 kV/s.
Breakdown occurs in an electric arc, leading to a collapse of the test voltage.
Immediately after ignition of the arc, the test voltage is switched off automatically.
Ultra fast switch off is crucial, as the energy that is brought into the oil and is burning it during the
breakdown, must be limited to keep the additional pollution by carbonisation as low as possible.
The root mean square value of the test voltage is measured at the very instant of the breakdown and
is reported as the breakdown voltage.
After the test is completed, the insulating oil is stirred automatically and the test sequence is
performed repeatedly.
The resulting breakdown voltage is calculated as mean value of the individual measurements.
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Motor An electric motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy.
Most electric motors operate through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying
conductors to generate force. The reverse process, producing electrical energy from mechanical
energy, is done by generators such as an alternator or a dynamo; some electric motors can also
be used as generators, for example, a traction motor on a vehicle may perform both tasks.
Electric motors and generators are commonly referred to as electric machines.
Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps,
machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives. They may be powered
by direct current, e.g., a battery powered portable device or motor vehicle, or by alternating
current from a central electrical distribution grid or inverter. The smallest motors may be found
in electric wristwatches. Medium-size motors of highly standardized dimensions and
characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial uses. The very largest
electric motors are used for propulsion of ships, pipeline compressors, and water pumps with
ratings in the millions of watts. Electric motors may be classified by the source of electric
power, by their internal construction, by their application, or by the type of motion they give.
The physical principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electriccurrent and a magnetic field, Faraday's law of induction, was discovered by Michael Faraday in
1831. Electric motors of increasing efficiency were constructed from 1821 through the end of
the 19th century, but commercial exploitation of electric motors on a large scale required
efficient electrical generators and electrical distribution networks. The first commercially
successful motors were made around 1873.
Some devices convert electricity into motion but do not generate usable mechanical power as a
primary objective, and so are not generally referred to as electric motors. For
example, magnetic solenoids and loudspeakers are usually described
as actuators and transducers,[1] respectively, instead of motors. Some electric motors are used
to produce torque or force.
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Figure 2 Core of Induction motor
Figure 3 Connection Diagram of core of Induction motor
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Figure 4 - Shaft/Rotor of Induction motor
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Address:- MHPS, Maithon Dam, Dhanbad, Jharkhand
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Introduction Maithon Hydel Power Station is located on the river Barakar about 12.9 km above its
confluence with the Damodar near the border of Dhanbad and Burdwan districts of thestates of Jharkhand and West Bengal respectively. The Power Station has a total
generating capacity of 60 MW with 3 units of 20 MW each. Maithon Dam is a unique
underground dam in India, is the first kind of Dam in South East Asia.
Details of Maithon Hydel Power Station
Gen.
Unit Name of
Manufacturers Original
capacity
(MW)
Present
capacity
(MW)
Year of
commissioning Special
features Turbine Generator
1 Neypric Siemens 20 20 Oct., 1957 Horizontalshaft FrancisTurbine
2 Neypric Siemens 20 20 Mar., 1958
3 Neypric Siemens 20 20 Dec., 1958
Figure 1 - Front View Maithon Dam
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Figure 2 - Inner View Maithon Dam (Shaft and Generator)
Operation
Damodar river is a seasonal river, basically 82% of which is filled up by rainfall in July –September.
1 June to 31 October is the filling period during which rainwater is stored and the stored rainwater is used
for irrigation by the downstream areas of Burdwan, hydroelectric power generation and scores of other
activities.
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Francis Turbine
In Francis Turbine water flow is radial into the turbine and exits the Turbine axially. Water pressure decreases as it
passes through the turbine imparting reaction on the turbine blades making the turbine rotate. Read more about
design and working principle of Francis Turbine in this article.
Francis Turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow. It was designed by American scientist James
Francis. Francis Turbine is a reaction turbine. Reaction Turbines have some primary features which differentiate
them from Impulse Turbines. The major part of pressure drop occurs in the turbine itself, unlike the impulse turbine
where complete pressure drop takes place up to the entry point and the turbine passage is completely filled by the
water flow during the operation.
Design of Francis Turbine
Francis Turbine has a circular plate fixed to the rotating shaft perpendicular to its surface and passing through its
center. This circular plate has curved channels on it; the plate with channels is collectively called as runner. The
runner is encircled by a ring of stationary channels called as guide vanes. Guide vanes are housed in a spiral casing
called as volute. The exit of the Francis turbine is at the center of the runner plate. There is a draft tube attached to
Figure 3- Side-view cutaway of a Francis turbine
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the central exit of the runner. The design parameters such as, radius of the runner, curvature of channel, angle of
vanes and the size of the turbine as whole depend on the available head and type of application altogether
.
Working of Francis Turbine
Francis Turbines are generally installed with their axis vertical. Water with high head (pressure) enters the turbine
through the spiral casing surrounding the guide vanes. The water looses a part of its pressure in the volute (spiral
casing) to maintain its speed. Then water passes through guide vanes where it is directed to strike the blades on the
runner at optimum angles. As the water flows through the runner its pressure and angular momentum reduces. This
reduction imparts reaction on the runner and power is transferred to the turbine shaft.
If the turbine is operating at the design conditions the water leaves the runner in axial direction. Water exits the turbine through
the draft tube, which acts as a diffuser and reduces the exit velocity of the flow to recover maximum energy from the flowing
water.
Power Generation using Francis Turbine
For power generation using Francis Turbine the turbine is supplied with high pressure water which enters the turbine
with radial inflow and leaves the turbine axially through the draft tube. The energy from water flow is transferred to
the shaft of the turbine in form of torque and rotation. The turbine shaft is coupled with dynamos or alternators for
power generation. For quality power generation speed of turbine should be maintained constant despite the changing
loads. To maintain the runner speed constant even in reduced load condition the water flow rate is reduced by
changing the guide vanes angle.
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Website reference http://portal.dvc.in
http://dvc.gov.in
Book reference DVC Magazines
DVC booklets
Kumardhubi Sub-station rating file