dali manual gb

8/7/2019 DALI Manual Gb

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dali-manual-gb 1/64

DALI AG—————————————

Digital Addressable Lighting InterfaceActivity Group

ZVEI-Division Luminaires



Manual

DALI AG

Digital Addressable Lighting InterfaceActivity Group

ZVEI-Division Luminaires



Publisher:DALI AG (Digital Add ressable Lightin g Interface Activity Group )of ZVEI, Division Lum inairesStresemannallee 19, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyTel.: +49(0)69 63 02-0 / Fax: +49(0)69 63 02-317

E-mail: lich t@zvei .orgInternet: w ww.d ali-ag.org

Copyright: 2001 by AG DALI, Frankfurt am MainRichard Pflaum Verlag, Munich

All rights reserved. This includes all rights to publication, reprodu ction,as a whole or in parts, storage in a retrieval system or transmittance inany form or way by electronic or mechanical means, duplication as aphotocopy or recording or otherwise.



Foreword

Specialists in the field of lighting, such as architects, lightdesigner and installers, are the p rincipal target group for this

man ual of basic information on "Digital Add ressable Lightin gInterface (DALI)".

DALI defines a standardized digital ballast interface. Themanu facturer-indep enden t DALI standard is specified in IECstandard 60929, which en sures interchangeability and intero-perability of ballasts from various manufacturers.

The new standard is not merely a digital interface in additi-on to th e curren t analogue 1-10 V control tech nology. Rather,it will gradually replace the latter because of its clear advan-tages.

DALI components make it possible to create a flexible, cost-effective and decentralized lighting system. DALI deals onlywith lighting system compon ents. This limitation is not a dis-advantage; it simplifies plannin g and installation.

DALI is simpler th an bu ilding man agement systems an d lessexpensive. Interfaces and converters can combine DALI com-ponents with any building management system; DALI canfunction as a stand -alone system or as a subsystem.

The aims of the DALI working group are to promulgate thenew technology and to coordinate the activities of manu fac-turers. An in formation p latform is available on th e Internet:http://www.dali-ag.org/.

Helmuth K. UngerPresident of the ZVEI Division Luminaires (since 2001)

5



6



Contents

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 DALI – The digital addressable lightinginterface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

2.1 What is DALI? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.2 DALI advan tages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.3 DALI-Partn ers: The Activity Group . . . . . . . . . .13

3 DALI and Building Management . . . . . . . . . . . .133.1 DALI as stand-alone system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133.2 DALI as stand -alone subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . .153.3 DALI as pu re subsystem within Building

Man gemen t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

4 General system description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

4.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174.2 Selection of conn ecting wires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204.3 Voltage sup ply of the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214.4 System size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224.5 Selection of units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234.6 Conn ectivity and operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234.7 Electromagnetic compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244.8 Add ress structu re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

5 Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255.1 Lighting systemoperating instructions . . . . . . . .255.1.1 Forward p lannin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255.1.2 Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255.1.3 Advan tages of DALI in p lann ing . . . . . . . . . . . .26

5.1.4 Organi zation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275.1.5 Plan ning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285.2 Compon ent selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285.2.1 Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285.2.2 Compon ents for integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305.2.3 Compon ents for sub-circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305.2.4 Switch pan els and sen sors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

7



6 Electrical installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.1 Routing and layin g of cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.2 Checking and docu mentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

7 Commission ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.1 Assigning add resses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

7.1.1 User iden tification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.1.2 Using the individ ual add ress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.1.3 Using the group add ress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.1.4 Creating and storing lightin g scene . . . . . . . . . . 357.2 Operating elements and sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.3 Comm issioning after system modifications . . . . . 36

Appendix A DALI-members and licensees(status: May 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Appendix B Glossary: Terms and d efinitions . . . . . . 41Appendix C Standard s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Appendix D Literatu re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Appendix E App lication exam ples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

App end ix E 1 Case stud y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47App end ix E 2 Basic for simp le app lications . . . . . . . 51App end ix E 3 Exampl e of a DALI app lication:

combined work and training room . . . .56

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

8



1 Introduction

The demands on modern lighting technology are numerous.

In former times there was but one objective, to provide lightfor visual tasks. Nowadays convenience, functionality andenergy conservation are attractive features, which must beadded as objectives. The traditional electric installation th atis based on th e simple w iring of light sw itches, dimmers andlight consumers is inadequate of responding to thesedem and s. Controls w ith an alog interfaces, like the 1-10V con-trol, neither provide the flexibility nor the capability of con-trolling individu al lights in a system. This makes the exten-sion of an existing system a rather difficult task. This is whyinstallation bus systems have been developed since the1980’s allowing a d igital commu nication between all partici-pating components of a lighting system or even in the

engineering of Building Systems. High functionality and fle-xibility of the technical unit is ensured in these systems,wh ere command s are exchanged between control devices andelectric consu mers.These installation bus systems, which are already establishedon the m arket, regularly entail a high expen diture for devicesand systems. They also deman d extensive system knowledgefrom both the d esigner and electrician that h as to be acquiredin special training sessions. Consequently the installation of such systems is labour-intensive and expensive.This experience has laid the ground for the lighting ind ustryto define a new standard for the digital communication bet-ween the individual components of a lighting system: the

DALI-protocol (DALI = Digital Addressable Lighting Inter-face). The objective was to create a system with low cost com -ponents that is easy to handle. This system intentionallydispen ses with the maximu m possible functionality in theengineering of complex Building Systems in favour of sim-plified communication structures. An optimized set of com-mand s is established, which are limited to the sensible fun c-

9



tions of a lighting control. The DALI concept stands for anintelligent, functional light m anagement that is easy to ap plyand cost-efficient. It is possible to integrate DALI as a sub-system into su perior Building System designs, if so desired,taking advantage of the available hardware and softwareinterfaces and this at favourable prices.

2 DALI – The digitaladdressable lightinginterface

The analog 1 – 10V control interface is the most commonindustry standard for the dimming of electronic ballaststoday. DALI has been d esigned to become a new standard inthe market. With its greater flexibility and simplicity of installation in a great variety of applications it will graduallyreplace the analog interface.

2.1 What is DALI?

DALI is an acronym and stands for “Digital AddressableLighting Interface“. It is an international standard that gua-rantees the exchangeability of dimmable ballasts from diffe-

rent man ufacturers. This gives plann ers, luminaire man ufac-turers, building owners, installers and end-users the securityof sup ply from many sources.The DALI-interface has been described in the fluorescentlamp ballast standard IEC 60929 un der Ann ex E.DALI is the ideal, simplified, digital way of communicationtailored to the needs of present day lighting technology.

10



Communication and installation have been simplified asmuch as possible. All intelligent components communicatein a local system in a w ay that is both simp le and free of inter-ference. There are no special requirements for the w iring of data cables, and there is no n eed to install termination resis-tors on the cables to protect them against reflections.DALI has been d esigned in a joint effort by all leadin g controlequipm ent m anufacturers with th e idea of offering a standardto the lighting market that complies with all requirements.All lighting component manufacturers are now in a positionto solve complex lighting tasks in a simp le and comfortableway.With this standard you w ill now be able to offer your custo-mer a full system solution (lamp – ballast – lumin aire – con-trol unit – lighting system).

2.2 DALI advantages

Users h ave th e followin g option s wh en installin g DALI -ballasts in their lighting system:

• Simple w iring of control lines (no group formation, nopolarity)

• Control of individual u nits (individual ad dressing) orgroups (group addressing) is possible

• A simultaneou s control of all un its is possible at any time(built-in initial operation fun ction) through broadcastaddressing)

• No interference of data comm un ication is to be expecteddue to the simple data structure

• Control device status messages (lamp fault, ....),

(report options: all / by group / by un it)• Automatic search of control d evices

• Simple formation of groups through “flashing“ lamps• Automatic and simultaneous dimming of all units when

selecting a scene• Logarithmic d immin g behaviour – matchin g the eye’s sen-

sitivity

11



• System with assigned intelligence (every un it containsamongst other thin gs the following data: individu aladdress, group assignment, lighting scene values, fadingtime, ....)

• Operational tolerances of lamps can be stored as defaultvalues (for example for the purpose of energy savings

maximu m values can be set)• Fading: adjustment of dim ming speed

• Identification of unit type

• Options for emergency lighting can be chosen (selectionof specific ballasts, dimming level)

• No need to switch on /off the external relay for the m ainsvoltage (this is done by internal electronic compon ents)

• Lower system cost and m ore fun ctions compared to1–10V-systems

DALI has been defined for:

– a maximum of 64 single un its (individu al addresses)– a maximum of 16 groups (group add resses)

– a maximum of 16 scenes (scene light values)The intelligence of the system h as not been centralized for thepurpose of defining the DALI-interface for control devices.This means that man y of the setpoints and lighting values arestored within the in dividu al ballast:

– Individual addresses– Group assignm ents– Light scene values– Fading times– Emergency lightin g level (System Failure Level)– Power On Level

DALI closes the gap between conventional 1–10V-interfacesand complex lighting control systems. These are the featuresthat make DALI stand out as the ideal platform for an intelli-gent an d flexible lighting management in modern buildings.

12



2.3 DALI-Partners: The Activity Group

Under the roof of the German Central Association of theIndustry for Electric and Electronic Products (registered com-mittee: ZVEI) the Activity Group DALI was founded to esta-

blish this new standard in the market. Many leading manu-facturers of control devices joined this group to develop an dmarket their products according to the new requiremen ts. Fora low annual fee DALI AG is open for everybody who is inte-rested.Further information is available un derwww.dali-ag.org

3 DALI and Building

ManagementIn the field of building management DALI positions itself asfollows with respect to complexity and price:As you can see in the graphics (Fig. 3.1) a lighting controlsystem based on DALI is not suitable for Building Mana-gement due to its low complexity. Therefore, lighting controlsystems based on DALI can only be used as subsystems forlighting control with in Buildin g Managemen t Systems (BMS).The integration of a DALI lighting control system into buil-ding man agement could be done as follows.

3.1 DALI as stand-alone system

This is the simplest option. In m ost cases, it will consist of asimplified control unit not using the full functionality of DALI. It is a real stand-alone lighting control system without

13



Figure 3.1: DALI and Building Management Systems

Figure 3.2: Stand-alone system

connection to the building man agement. All functions (evenstart-up, maintenance etc.) are carried out locally. Controlelements and sensors are connected to the control unit asusual, in analog or digital form (Fig. 3.2).

14

Building ManagementArea

DALI Area

DALIControl Unit DALI-OU 1

23

max. 64

Light- and/orPresence Detection

OperationButtons

In-house bus systems such as EIB or LON with

control of the air-conditioning system, heating

system, blinds system, lighting system and

Building monitoring system.

Intermediate systems such as the

Luxmate system with, although desi-gned as a bus system, do not have

the full functionality like EIB or LON

Digital or 1–10V-control

units, down to dimmers for

home lighting



3.2 DALI as stand-alone subsystem

This option is a stand-alone subsystem within the buildingmanagement. However, compared to option one (see Fig. 3.3)it is connected to the buildin g management system. Only themost imp ortant information (fault status, central switch fun c-tions etc.) will be exchanged w ith the bu ilding management.It can be in the simp lest form a yes or no with regards to faultsor failures. Sensors, control elements, programmin g unit andremote control can be in tegrated as u sual (for example w ire-less). Initialisation can be carried out via building manage-ment p rovided that th is option w ill be offered by the softwaretools.This system is also operational without Building Manage-ment.

Figure 3.3: Stand-alone subsystem

15


DALIControl Unit DALI-OU 1

23

max. 64

Light- and/orPresence Detection

OperationButtons

DALI Area

Building Management

Connection

RemoteControl



3.3 DALI as pure subsystem withinBuilding Management

A translator (gateway) is planned for this option. All compo-nents installed in a room or buildin g part use the same tech-nique of data transfer as the Building Management. The gate-

way tran slates from th e Build ing Managemen t to DALI and inreverse order to establish the communication between Buil-ding Management and DALI-units. A typical application forexample is EIB that uses the appropriate control elements,switches, sensors etc.

Figure 3.4: Pure subsystem

The lighting system has not been designed as stand-alonesolution for this kind of application.In this case, initialisation of the lighting control system is p artof the start-up process of the comp lete building managementsystem.

16


DALI-OU 12

3

max. 64

DALI Area

OperationButtons

RemoteControl

Building Management

Connection

DALIControl Unit

MultisensorwithIR-Receiver



4 General system description

4.1 Features

For the d igital interface, specified in the d raft of the IEC stan-

dard, there are several features, which operate un der d ifferentprincipals than the features of the analog interface.Principally the digital interface represents an interface struc-ture for lighting app lications th at can be enlarged. This newinterface does n ot compete w ith BMS.The analog interface and the signal level 1–10V allow for aconnection of functional units (sensors and actuators) fromdifferent illumin ation electronics manu facturers. The 1–10Vinterface does not allow an individual addressing. Conse-quently all units, which are connected to a 1–10V interface,can be addressed in common only. Furthermore, the lamps’luminous flux relation has not been standardized with refe-rence to the interface voltage (light differences). Anoth er dis-

advantage is the fact that it is impossible to switch off the1–10V units by means of the interface. To disconnect theun its they need to be separated from th e mains voltage.

Characteristics and features of the digital interface:

• Definition in IEC 60929 – this allows the combination of un its from d ifferent m anufacturers. It mu st be emp hasizedas a special fact that all m anufacturers, wh o are repre-sented in the AG DALI, have made a joint effort to verifythe compliance of their units with this standard to guaran-tee a high functional security.

• Effective data transfer rate (1.200 bits/sek.) – enables an

interference-free operation of the system. The physicallow-level has been defined with the interface voltage at 0Volt (-4.5 Volt to + 4.5 Volt) on the receiver’s side. Thehigh-level condition is represented by the interface voltageof 16 Volt (9.5 Volt to 22.5 Volt) on the receiving side. Amaximum voltage decrease of 2 V between sender andreceiver is admissible on the leads of the interface.

17



Figure 4.1: Voltage ratings

• Safety distance of interference vo ltage – a safe operation isguaranteed by the large-scale interference voltage distancebetween the send er and the receiver side.

• Data coding – the Manch ester-Code h as been used here; itsstructure allows the detection of transmission errors.

• Maximum system current – the central interface power

18

Transmitting unit Receiving unit

20,5 V max.22,5 V max.

9,5 V min.

11,5 V min.

4,5 V max.

– 4,5 V min.

6,5 V max.

– 6,5 V min.

Undefined

Receiverhigh levelrange

Receiverlow levelrange

Undefined

Undefined

Transmitterhigh levelrange

Transmitterlow levelrange

8,0 V typ.

16 V typ.

0 V typ.



supply has been set to allow a maximum current input of 250 mA. Each participant connected to the interface mayconsume a maximum of 2 mA. This must be taken intoconsideration for the selection of the pow er supp ly interfa-ce .

• Limited system size – the maximum number of 64 units

with an individual address can be distinguished within asystem.

• Revertive signals of information – e.g. ON/OFF, actualbrightness of the conn ected lamps, lamp state etc. are pos-sible.

• Two-wire control lead – two base-isolations should beprovided between two leads. A single-threaded isolation of a lead is therefore sufficient.Control and su pp ly leads can be wired together, make sureto install a minim um lead diam eter according to the follo-wing table:

The maximu m lead length between two connected systemsmu st not exceed 300 meters.

• Potentialfree control inp ut – the control inpu t is separatedgalvanically from the mains voltage. Consequently allsystem participants may be operated with different outer

condu ctors (phases).

• No termination resistors required – it is not necessary toterminate the interface leads w ith resistors.

• Dimming range 0.1 % –100 % – the lower limit dep ends onthe man ufacturer. The course of the dimmin g curve is stan-dardized and adapted to the sensitivity of the eye (loga-

19

Lead length Minimum lead diameterup to100 meters 0,5 mm 2

100 – 150 meters 0,75 mm2

above 150 meters 1,5 mm 2



rithmic dimming curve). The impression of a similarbrightness, when electronic ballasts of different manufac-turers are used, is a result of the stand ardization. This re-quires however, that the lower limit of the d immin g rangeis equal for all un its (e.g. all units show a lower dim mingrange of 3 %) belonging to the same power class (lamppower).

• Programmable dimming times – special adjustments likeadjusting light change speeds are possible.

• Interruption of the data transfer – fixed light adjustmentsare interpreted automatically (emergency operation).

• Storage of lighting scene s – a storage of up to 16 scenes ispossible.

• Connection to Building Management Systems by conver-ters – the very first design intent has been to apply theinterface in rooms for an integration into BMS by means of converters.

• Easy ne w configuration of the system – Once installed andconfigurated, a modification of the system function, theillumination scene or the illumination functions is only aquestion of configuration requiring no modification of thehardware. Example: Regrouping of luminaires into anopen-plan office.

• Easy integration of new components – new componentscan be added everywhere within the system whenever anexisting illumination system needs to be enlarged.Consideration should be made that the d imensionin g of thesystem power su pp ly will be sufficient.

4.2 Selection of connecting wiresNo requirements for terminals and cables/w ires, which h aveto be used for the digital interface, have been defined yet inthe IEC-draft. Consequen tly cables and wires of comm ercialquality may be used for standard installation purposes.Neither has the structure of the connection for the different

20



compon ents been defined. Thu s star-shaped and m ixed struc-tures are p ossible besides linear or tree-shaped structures. Asa rule ring-shaped connection of components shou ld be avoi-ded, h owever. The wiring of the correspond ing leads is sub- ject to the same installation conditions as are applicable forpower installations. This is also valid for the installation of illumination systems in special rooms (harmon ized installati-on regulations).The selection of wires must be ad apted to both th e length of the conn ection and the existing terminals. To enable a correctrecognition of the information level at the actuators, a maxi-mum voltage drop of up to 2 Volt is allowed across theconnecting wires from the interface supply to each systemparticipant. The supply interface may be installed anywherein the system or in an y device. Due to the low transm ission-rate there is no need to use special cables or wires, as forexample, twisted or shielded cables. Installation material of commercial quality can be used for the connection betweenwires and un its. As a rule, a distance of 300 m shou ld n ot be

exceeded between two communicating units. As the digitalinterface is separated galvanically from the mains supp ly of an actuator, actuators, which are connected to d ifferent ph a-ses of the m ains voltage (L1, L2 or L3), can neverth eless beconnected with each other.The isolation of the digital interface corresponds to the re-quirements of the base isolation. Tests are executed un der th eIEC 60 928 standard. Thus, SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage)is not granted. The d igital interface connecting leads can bewired jointly with the m ains su pp ly leads (e.g. 230 V), alwaysprovided that the isolation strength (2 x base isolation) will beobserved.

4.3 Voltage supply of the system

In general, the interface voltage is 16 volt ranging from22.4 volt to 9.5 volt).Different units are capable of supplying the interface:

21



– a separate, central interface supply un it– a control un it with integrated interface sup ply– a control device whith a supp lementary internal interface

supply.

The maximum system current has been limited to 250 mA.

The cu rrent limitation avoids an overload on the in terface’sswitching function that has been incorporated into eachsystem participant.The smallest possible system, an illumination unit with acontrol unit, requires a current of 2 m A max for the electronicballast on top of the current required for the control unit.There is no limitation to the maximum control unit current.With the im pedan ces of different interface comp onents beingidentical in th e field th e correct power supp ly for the systemmust be selected to correlate to the accumulated currentsfrom the individual components. Good practice is to allowsufficient margins for the supp ly current. This w ill guaranteereliable system functionality un der d ifferent cond itions also

allowing the flexibility for possible system expansions at alater date. When a system is operated with several sources of supp ly, the p olarity of the system sup ply mu st be taken in toconsideration when connecting the system leads. The maxi-mum total current that is supplied by all sources of thesystem supply must not exceed 250 mA.

4.4 System size

Up to 64 individu al addresses including control devices andcontrol units may be connected to one interface-line. Thetotal current of one interface-line is limited to 250 mA.

Whenever a system is planned, which is to contain controldevices as well as control units, it mu st be ensured that nei-ther limit value will be exceeded. In a case, wh ere the systemwill exceed these limits problems must be expected, whichare due to the reduced signal integrity. Some componentsmay fail to communicate or respond to commands and thesystem operation will become unstable. For this reason the

22



system planner must take the power consumption of eachcom ponent (control device and control un it) into consider-ation in addition to the addresses and, furthermore, plan acertain reserve in order to provide for the possibility of anextension at a later d ate.

4.5 Selection of units

The d raft stand ard allows for the compatibilty of the ballasts.For all other variants, such as sensors and controllers, theplanner has the responsibilty to ensure in the product speci-fication that the compatibility can be guaranteed.The d raft standard defines the following types of units:

Typ 0 Standard unitsTyp 1 Units for emergency ligh tingTyp 2 Units for d ischarge lampsTyp 3 Units for low voltage halogen lamps

Typ 4 Dimmable units for incandescent lampsTyp 5 1-10V in terface converterTypes 6-255 Reserved for future un its.

This way all un its are compatible.

4.6 Connectivity and operation

Principally, there are two possibilities to connect actuators,control units and ballasts with one another:

Operation with one control unit only actuating as the

master of an interface-line. In this operating mode controlpanels and sensors have been connected to a control unitthat controls the connected ballasts as well. The ballastsprovide information on request by the control unit only.The overall hand ling has been assigned to this single con-trol un it (Single Master).Operation with several control un its working as masters of

23



an interface-line. In this operating mode several controlunits (e.g. sensors or panels) can communicate directlywith the ballasts. The controllers have to follow some de-fined common “traffic rules“ to avoid d ata collision and tomaintain the correct system functions. In this operatingmode installations will become easier with the extent of required wiring being reduced (Multi-Master).

4.7 Electromagnetic compatibility

With the slope steepness of the transmission signals as wellas the height of the voltage levels being limited there are nohigh interference levels originating from the signal lead. Allequipment used in an installation must meet the stipulationsdefined in the actual issue of CISPR 15, IEC 61 547, IEC 61000-3-2 and IEC 61 000-3-3.

4.8 Address structure

An add ress stands for the d efinite designation of a un it with-in a DALI-system. An address can be compared to a housenumber assigned to an individual house in the same street.The street may be compared with the interface-line. Thehouse number characterizes each house in the street makingit is possible to differentiate between all houses of the samestreet.Within a DALI-system each ballast has its own address. Thisway it can be contacted ind ividually, although it is conn ectedto a DALI system-line like all the other units. The address

assignm ent, for examp le, must be effected wh en th e system isput into operation.All units of a system can be contacted at the same time byway of a broadcast.A differentiation is made between individual addresses andgroup addresses.64 ind ividual ad dresses exist in th e DALI-system. Thus, one

24



or several control un its can contact ind ividually, i.e. a maxi-mum of 64 ballasts. Each ballast may also be part of a maxi-mu m of 16 groups.Generally the assignment of the addresses and with that theassignment of the group addresses is effected by a software.Thus the system configuration can be modified without anymodification of the installation itself.

5 Planning

5.1 Lighting system operating instructions

5.1.1 Forward planning

The planning of a lighting project with DALI interfaces isbasically a similar exercise to p lannin g a project with analoginterfaces. A well-thought-out and tidy preparation facilitatesthe installation minimizing the cost that can result, whenplann ing mistakes become evident n o sooner than after com-pletion. This chapter deals with the merits of DALI compo-nents in the planning process.

5.1.2 Specification

The specification will establish the lighting requirements.The technical lighting details, like the type of fittings inclu-ding lamps and controls such as sensors, switch panels and

interface modu les, will be indicated in various documen ts.The component family types have been described in chapter5.2 to provide assistance in the d rafting process. It shou ld benoted that some controls will require special switch panelsand sen sors. The general recommen dation is to use standardcomponents only. Please refer to chapter 5.2.1The functionality of the system is defined m ainly by the con-

25



trols. This should be considered when selecting the indivi-du al elements or responding to any special requirements. Thelocation of some elements may have been d efined in the spec-ification already. Chapter 4 d eals with cables, power su pp ly,EMV etc.

5.1.3 Advantages of DALI in planning

A Dali-system en ables the con trol of single lights or group s of fittings without th e need for parallel wiring. Furthermore allplanning for the switching of loads in the mains supply canbe omitted, as fittings can be switched on an d of f by DALI. Itis not really necessary during planning to consider the allo-cation of switches, control panels and sensors etc. to the fit-tings, as this can be done retrospectively without any re-wiring. The conn ection configuration can also be consideredlater, as DALI permits a combination of star and seriesconnections. See Figures 5.1 an d 5.2

Figure 5.1: Serial conne ctions Figure 5.2: Star conne ctions

Figure 5.3 illustrates an example of a combined installation.The two areas are joined to each other by a series connection.Area 1 has a star configuration and area 2 has a combin ation

of star and series connections.Series wiring can mean easier cable laying; compared toother method s a star configuration in many cases can offer anadvantage with respect to cable length.As demonstraed in the examples, there is no termination re-sistor at the DALI component cable-ends. A possible cause of interference in the d ata transfer has been eliminated th is way.

26



Figure 5.3: Combined installation

The intend ed allocation of the cables should be clearly indi-cated on the plans and in the installation in order to facili-tate repairs and mod ifications.

5.1.4 Organization

The organization of the light fittings and the associated con-trols should be carried out during the outline planningphase. This should be indicated clearly on the layout dra-wing. The installers will enter the relevant addresses duringthe comm issioning:

Light d esignationFloorRoomPosition on the planGroup referenceControl ad dressBelongs to group

The configuration of the lighting is carried out du ring the commissioning and canbe changed later, if so desired.

27



5.1.5 Planning

A DALI-system makes no special or extra demands on theperson doing the planning, but increases the flexibilitydu ring the d esign, installation and application stages. It willaccommodate last minu te changes requested by the end user.

The following seven points should be considered during thedesign stage:

• Two w ires have been in clud ed for the DALI interface?

• The maximum cable length has been maintained?

• All relevant wiring regulations h ave been observed?

• The specified nu mber of DALI components h as notbeen exceeded?

• The fields for the addresses of the DALIcomponents have been indicated clearly in the docu-ments?

• All light fittings, sensors, switch p anels and controlunits have been considered?

• Are there any specific requirements for the controlunits?

5.2 Component selection

A DALI-interface control system can comp rise parts from thetable.Due to the fact that DALI has been defined just recently, arapid development of new components should be expected.

5.2.1 Controls

The control un its supp ly the logic co-ordination between sen -sors, switch pan els and DALI operating equipm ent. This canbe done through a stand-alone unit or by an interface whichreceives comm ands from a m aster system. Intelligent sen sorsor switch p anels with integrated controls are also possible.

28

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔



Particular attention sh ould be given to th e connection be-tween sensors/switches and the control units.

There are two variations:

Method 1Sensors and sw itches are joined d irectly to the control un itsby separate connections. This method facilitates the use of compon ents, which are standard in this sector of indu stry.

Method 2Sensors and switches are connected to the control units bythe DALI cables. In this case no add itional wires need to belaid to link the sensors/switches with the control un its.Both solutions have their advantages, which are dependenton the application; the application will be decisive forselecting method 1 or m ethod 2.

Figure 5.4: Method 1 Figure 5.5: Method 2

29

Control-unit

Sensors Switch Panels

Control-unit

Sensors Switch Panels



For more detailed information about the sensor andswitches, which can be operated by the control units, pleaserefer to the manu facturer’s prod uct d ata sheet.

5.2.2 Components for integration

Control devices in stand ard con figuration are available for theinstallion in light fittings. Refer to the man ufacturer’s prod uctdata sheet.

5.2.3 Components for sub-circuits

In sub-circuits (with fusing) both the DALI units and mainsun its can be accomm odated. The DALI un its have to complywith th e same wiring guidelines as mains voltage equipm ent.The control units should be installed in accordance with themanu facturer’s instructions.

5.2.4 Switch panels and sensors

Switches and sensors are available in a great variety meetingall requirements. These range from conventional standardun its through multi-fun ction panels to daylight sensors withintegrated IR-receiver. Consid ering this w ide ran ge of option sthe relevant manu facturer’ s data sheet sh ould always be con-sulted.

6 Electrical installation

6.1 Routing and laying of cables

The electrical installation of lighting control systems with aDALI interface mu st be carried out by an au thorised electricalengineer in accordance with the pertaining power systemregulations.

30



The prevailing technical conditions, such as observing themaximu m n um ber of users for each p air of DALI bus wires orthe cable length, mu st also be complied w ith (see Chapter 4).Up to n ow – as for the 1–10V techn ology – function was d eter-mined by the wiring of the comp onents as well as sensors andcontrol devices (Fig. 6.1). In the case of installations withDALI, however, function is determined by the specific DALIcontrol device thatis put into serviceand the technicalcharacteristicthereof.

Figure 6.1:Wiring

Figure 6.2:Ballast

The DALI control bus m ay be installed at the same tim e as thepower system (Fig. 6.3). It consists of a pair of cables, thesame as for the 1–10V interface.

Figure 6.3: Control bus lines

31

Wiring 1-10 V

1-10 V

LN

Switching anddimming aretwo separatefunctions

Mains

1-10 V

Ballast

DALI

LN

Switching anddimming aretwo combinedfunctions

Mains

DALI

DALI

Installationconduit

Installationcable

DALI line DALI line



Compared with the 1–10V interface, the DALI control linerequires no other electrical installation tool, auxiliary deviceor measuring and testing equipm ent.There is n o requirement for special data cables.However, it is necessary to ensure th at a clear method of iden-tification is app lied.Both the p ower sup ply and the DALI control line can be runthrough a 5-wire cable.Do observe the national regulations on installation at alltimes.Principally there is no need to follow specific guidelineswh en connecting the individu al DALI compon ents to theDALI control line. However, for the sake of clarity, it isrecommend ed that the wiring system will always be the samethroughout one building.Power and the DALI lines as well as the associated installa-tion equipment may be installed in parallel in terminalblocks.The m aximum voltage drop on th e DALI line may n ot exceed2 V. The resulting maximum line length is 300 m, the largestpermissible distance between two DALI components (Fig.

6.4).

Figure 6.4:Installation

32

Layout of a DALI installation

'FreeInstallation'

DA

DALI controller DALI ballast

Max. 300 m or2 V voltage drop



6.2 Checking and documentation

The following points should be d ocumen ted du ring the finalcheck of a DALI installation:

• Has the installation been executed in accordance with th eregulations for mains voltage installation and checked?

• Line lengths between DALI users:The maximu m voltage drop on th e DALI line may n ot ex-ceed 2 V with a resulting maximum line length of 300 mbetween the first and the last DALI components. Verifythat the planned line length and the actual line length arethe same.

• Maximum number of DALI users for each line:The maximu m n um ber of users depen ds on the DALI con-trol device u sed. Th e DALI standard specifies a voltage andCurrent of 22.5 V and 250 mA respectively. The electronicDALI consumers represent a maximum consumption of 2mA. Verify that the m aximum permissible num ber of ope-rating devices has n ot been exceeded.

• Function of the DALI operating devices:The DALI operating devices switch to m ax. luminou s flux,wh en the m ains voltage is applied. Check that all operatingdevices switch to max. lum inous flux when being connec-ted to the mains.

• DALI wirin g check:Switching on/off via the control device. Check that thelight can be switched on an d off.

• Testing the functions of the DALI control device:The procedure depends on the manufacturer and m ust becarried ou t in accordance with the man ufacturer's specifi-cations.

• Insulation test:The insulation test mu st be carried out in accordance withthe regulations.

33



7 Commissioning

The commissioning of DALI systems depend s primarily onthe control device u sed. Therefore do observe the instructionsfor the commissioning provided by the relevant control de-

vice manu facturer.Consequently, only the essential features for commissioning,which are governed by the definition of the DALI interface,have been outlined in this chapter. The control device soft-ware and the facilities, which are provided by the operatingsystem, will determine most of the techn ical characteristics.

7.1 Assigning addresses

7.1.1 User identification

It will be possible to identify the connected DALI users, as

soon as the control device and power supply have beenconnected. The search for DALI users can be carried out intwo different ways:

1. The con trol device registers all operating devices con-nected to the DALI system u sing its own basic ID stored bythe manufacturer during production (address lenght: 24bit). If two long addresses are identical, a random functiontriggered by the control device can be performed withinthe ballast. A new long address will be created in theresult.

2. The DALI user will be identified by disconn ecting the lampconnection at the operating device. The operating device

mu st be conn ected to the mains at this time.In each case an individual and/or a group address will beassigned to each know n DALI user directly upon their identi-fication according to the requirements.Another p ossibility is an assignm ent of addresses prior to theinstallation, which allows for a harmonization of all DALIoperating d evices.

34



7.1.2 Using the individual address

The assignment of an individual address will enable you tocheck the individual operating device and/or carry out anerror detection for each in dividu al operating device.

7.1.3 Using the group addressIt is possible to assign group addresses to any combination of operatin g d evices forming add ressable groups e.g. for com-bined control p urposes, as approp riate. Group addresses canbe assigned by the u ser via control device during the iden tifi-cation phase.

7.1.4 Creating and storing lighting scenes

Once the individual operating device has been identified orgroups have been assigned, lighting scenes can be created bysetting the individu al lighting levels for the individu al de-

vices or groups. The individu al scenes are stored by way of acomman d from the control device in the DALI operating de-vice. A maximu m of 16 scenes or light levels can be stored foreach user.

7.2 Operating elements and sensors

The sp ecified DALI structu re enables the u se of sensors, pu shbuttons, control consoles, touch panels or even PC operatorinterfaces. The information can be transmitted via a wire,

infrared or radio lin k. The linkin g to the DALI system m ust becarried ou t in accordance w ith the sp ecifications p rovided bythe m anufacturer of the control d evice.

35



7.3 Commissioning after systemmodifications

Whenever n ew devices are add ed or existing devices re-placed, the new users of the control device need to be iden ti-fied (see 7.1.1). This can be d one by ch anging all add resses or

just the selected add resses in accordance w ith the p articularcontrol system.For further details please refer to the operating instructionsfor the relevant control device.

36



Appendix A

AG DALI – Members and Licensees (Status:September 2001)

BAG TURGI ELECTRONICS AGP. O. Box 227CH-5300 TurgiTel.: 0041 56 20 10 49 3Fax: 0041 56 20 10 46 9E-Mail: [email protected]

Delmatic Ltd.117, Cleveland StreetGB-Lond on W1T 6PXTel.: 0044-20 7927 6500Fax: 0044-20 7927 6525E-Mail: bruce.brow n@delm atic.com

DIALGustav-Adolf-Str. 4D-58507 LüdenscheidTel.: (0 23 51) 10 64-3 80Fax: (0 23 51) 10 64-3 81E-Mail: [email protected]

Eckerle Industrie-Elektronik GmbHPostfach 13 68D-76310 MalschTel.: (0 72 46) 9 20 40Fax: (0 72 46) 92 04-43/44E-Mail: ee.malsch.Boehm [email protected] e

ERCElletro Radio Construzioni S.P.A.Via dei Sassi 2I-23801 Calolziocorte (LC)Tel.: 0039-341 63 73 11Fax: 0039-341 63 73 00E-Mail: r.borsan [email protected]

37



ERCO Leuchten GmbHPostfach 24 60D-58505 LüdenscheidTel.: (0 23 51) 5 51-3 60 / Fax: (0 23 51) 5 51- 5 31E-Mail: n .hoebin [email protected]

GITRONICA SRL

Via A. Avogadro 22/ BI-62010 Montelupone (MC)Tel.: 0039 (0)733225211 / Fax: 0039 (0)733224036E-Mail: mau [email protected]

HADLER GmbHFritzlarer Str. 19D-34587 FelsbergTel.: (0 56 62) 93 99-0 / Fax: (0 56 62) 93 99-29E-Mail: [email protected]

HELVAR OY ABPurotie 3FIN-00380 Helsin ki

Tel.: 00358 9 56 54-1 / Fax: 00358 9 5654 9600E-Mail: mans .pau l@he lvar.com

HÜCO electronic GmbHPostfach 12 28D-32326 Espelkam pTel.: (0 57 72) 5 67-0 / Fax: (0 57 72) 5 67-9 40E-Mail: r.boeker@hu eco.d e

INSTA Elektro GmbH & Co. KGPostfach 18 30D-58468 LüdenscheidTel.: (0 23 51) 93 60 / Fax: (0 23 51) 9 36-1 99E-Mail: h.sch [email protected]

International Rectifier101 Sepulveda BlvdEl Segundo CA 90245USATel.: 001 310 726 88 70 / Fax: 001 310 726 88 46E-Mail: Tribar [email protected]

38



LIGHTOLIER CFI3015, Lous AmosLachine (Quebec) H8T1C4CanadaTel.: 001 514 636-0670Fax: 001 514 636-4647E-Mail: hyaphe@can lyte.com

LUTRON Electronics Co., Inc.7200 Suter RoadGB-Coppersburg, PA 18036-1299Tel.: 0044 61 02 82 38 00Fax: 0044 61 02 82 62 88E-Mail: p hakkarain en@lutron .com

Luxmate Controls GmbHSchmelzhü tterstr. 26A-6850 DornbirnTel.: 0043 5572/5 99-0Fax: 0043 5572/5 99-6 99E-Mail: lux ma [email protected]

May & Christe GmbHHauptstr. 204D-63814 Main aschaff Tel.: (0 60 21) 7 06-0Fax: (0 60 21) 7 06-1 72E-Mail: abel@maych riste.d e

OSRAM GmbHD-81536 MünchenTel.: (0 89) 62 13-22 85Fax: (0 89) 62 13-34 56E-Mail: [email protected]

PHILIPS LIGHTING B.V.Kantsingel 24

NL-5349 AJ OssP.O. Box 1NL-5340 AA-OssTel.: 0031-412-682465Fax: 0031-412-635990E-Mail: richard .van.heijnin gen@ph ilips.com

39



Sander Elektronik AGPostfach 93CH-KleindöttingenTel.: 00 41 56 245 28 35Fax: 00 41 56 245 38 58E-Mail: sand [email protected]

TCI TELECOMUNICAZIONI ITALIA SRLVia Varese 11I-21047 SARONNOTel.: 00 39 02 96 41 61Fax: 00 39 02 96 41 62 57E-MAIL: tc i@tci .it

TRIDONIC Bauelemente GmbHIndustriestr. 25D-89269 VöhringenTel.: (0 73 06) 96 62-13Fax: (0 73 06) 96 62 15E-Mail: dom okoschh @tridon ic.de

TROLLJ. Feliu d e la Pen ya S.L.Pso. de la Ribera, 190E-08420 Canovelles, BarcelonaTel.: 0034-93 846 6909Fax: 0034-93 846 5709E-Mail: car les@tro ll.es

Vossloh-Schwabe GmbHHohe Steinert 8D-58509 LüdenscheidTel.: (0 23 51) 1 01-1 80Fax: (0 23 51) 1 01-1 36E-Mail: norbert .wit [email protected]

WILA- Leuchten GmbHVoedeweg 9-11D-58638 IserlohnTel.: (0 23 71) 8 23-0Fax: (0 23 71) 8 23-2 45E-Mail: Ulrich .Kuhbier@wi la.com

40



Appendix B GlossaryTerms and definitions

Algorithm mathematical method to be used forcalculations

An alog in terface con trol in pu t an d/ or ou tp ut for lin eor signals h aving i.e. voltage orcurrent values

——————————————————————————Backbone higher level bus system for BMSBMS Build ing Management SystemBroadcast addressing messages are sent to every member

of the system——————————————————————————Configuration offl ine ini tial sett ings are given to units be-

fore they are connected to the

systemConfiguration online ini tial sett ings are given to unitswh ich are connected to the system

Control line cable or wire for control signals——————————————————————————Data communicat ion t ransfer of d igi ta l da taData tran sfer rate th e sp eed of tran sferred d ata, m ea-

sured m ostly in bits per secondDigital interface control inpu t or/and outpu t for digital

signals——————————————————————————Electron ic ballast electron ic con trol d evice for d is-

charge lamp sEmergency light fitting luminars that have to work also

with mains voltage switched off Emergency operation specified working status for uni ts in

case of emergency situations——————————————————————————Fade time time for the ligh t level to change

from initial level to end levelFeedback returned data to control un its, used

for corrective operations

41



Gateway unit, which selectively passes andtransforms d ata between differentsystems

Group address common address for a specifiedgroup

——————————————————————————HVAC heat, ventilation and air conditio-

ning——————————————————————————IEC 60929 in ternational standard for electronic

ballast p erformance requirementsIn d ivid u al ad d ress u n iqu e ad d ress for each u n it in t he

systemIn teractive con trol con trol w ith feed back an d h an d -

shakingIn terference disturbing effects caused to or by

external unitsIR receiver receiver based on modulated infra-

red light——————————————————————————Line length the total length of the wiring/cablingLocal con trol con trol of a sm all closed system , e.g.

in the same room

Logarithmic dimm ing each up or down dimmin g stepcurve causes a constan t relative chage as

compared to th e previous level––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Manual control override a manual control taking over from

the autom atic system controlMulti master several active masters to control

functions of a system

Multi-function daylightsensor

light sensor combined w ith otherfunctions such as p resence detectionand IR control

——————————————————————————Op eration m od es d ifferen t w orkin g fu n ction s for asystem

——————————————————————————Parameter settable value to characterise unitsPolarity descrip tion of the d irection for DC

fields or currents ( negative or posi-tive, N or S )

42



Query specified question to members in asystem

——————————————————————————Receiver a unit able to listen to signalsRevertive sign al sign al in a feed back m essageRing-shaped structure units connected in a loop——————————————————————————

SELV safety extra low voltageSender transmitter, a un it sending signalsSignal in tegrity failure free signalSingle master only one controller in a systemStatus measures or parameters describing

the present situation of a unitSub-circu it part of a larger circu itSub-system part of a larger systemSynchronous dimming simultaneous changing of light level

for several unitsSystem configuration set ting of desired parameter such as

addresses and scene levels for unitsor a system

——————————————————————————

Terminator unit used for cables to limit reflec-tionsTraffic ru les d irectives to avoid collisions when

transferring dataTran sm issio n rate d ata th rou gh p ut, m easu red m ostly

in baud or bits per secondTransmitter unit sending data or signalsTree-shaped structure units connected in system via own

stubs to the main line——————————————————————————Wirin g top ology sh ap e of cable con nection s

43



Appendix C Standards– DIN VDE 1000-10 Anforderungen an die im Bereich der

Elektrotechnik tätigen Personen– DIN VDE 0100 Errichten von Starkstroman lagen mit Nenn -

spannungen bis 1000 V (Elektrische Anlagen von Gebäu-

den)– DIN EN 50110-1/DIN VDE 0105 Betrieb von elektrischen

Anlagen– DIN VDE 0106 Schu tz gegen elektrischen Sch lag– DIN VDE 0110 Isolationskoordination für elektrische

Betriebsmittel in Niederspannu ngsanlagen– DIN VDE 0470-1/EN 60529 Schutzarten du rch Gehäuse

(IP-Code)– DIN EN 50102 Schutzarten durch Gehäuse für elektrische

Betriebsmittel gegen äuflere mechanische Beanspruchun-gen (IK-Code)

– DIN VDE 0606 Verbindungsmaterial bis 690 V – Teil 1:Installationsdosen zur Aufnahme von Geräten und/oderVerbindungen

– DIN VDE 0800 Fernmeld etechn ik– DIN VDE 0815 Installation skabel und –leitun gen für Fern-

melde- un d Informationsverarbeitungsanlagen– DIN EN 50090 Elektrische Systemtechnik für Heim und

Gebäude (ESHG)– DIN EN 50081/VDE 0839-81 Elektromagnetische Verträg-

lichkeit (EMV); Fachgrundnorm Störaussendungen– DIN EN 50082/VDE 0839-82 Elektromagnetisch e Verträg-

lichkeit (EMV); Fachgrun dn orm Störfestigkeit– DIN 18015 Elektrische Anlagen in Wohn gebäuden– DIN 40719 Schaltu ngsun terlagen– DIN EN 60617 Grafische Symbole für Schaltp läne– DIN 43871 Installation skleinverteiler für Einbaugeräte

bis 63 A

– DIN 43880 Installationseinbaugeräte; Hüllmaße und zu-gehörige Einbaumaße

– DIN 49073-1 Gerätedosen aus Metall oder Isolierstoff zurAufnah me von Installationsgeräten bis 16 A, 250 V

– DIN EN 50022 Ind ustrielle Niederspann un gs-Schaltgeräte;Tragschienen, Hutschienen, 35 mm breit, zur Schnappbe-festigun g von Geräten

44



– DIN EN 61082 Dokum ente d er Elektrotechnik– VBG 4 Unfallverhü tun gsvorschrift – Elekrtische Anlagen

un d Betriebsmittel– DIN EN 55015 Grenzwerte und Messverfahren für Funk-

störungen von elektrischen Beleuchtun gseinrichtun genun d ähnlichen Elektrogeräten

– DIN EN 60928 Geräte für Lampen – Wechselstrom versorgteelektronische Vorschaltgeräte für röhrenförmige Leucht-stofflampen – Allgemeine und Sicherheitsanforderungen

– DIN EN 60929/A2 Wechselstromversorgte elektronischeVorschaltgeräte für röhrenförmige Leuchstofflampen –Anforderungen an d ie Arbeitsweise

– DIN EN 61000-3-2 Elektromagnetisch e Verträglichkeit(EMV) – Teil 3: Grenzwerte; Haup tabschn itt 2: Grenzw ertefür Oberschwin gungsströme

– DIN EN 61000-3-3 Elektromagnetisch e Verträglichkeit(EMV) – Teil 3: Grenzwerte; Haup tabschn itt 3: Grenzw ertefür Spannungsschwankungen und Flicker in Niederspan-nungsnetzen für Geräte mit einem Eingangsstrom <= 16 A

– DIN EN 61547 Einrichtungen für allgemeine Beleuchtungs-zwecke – EMV-Störfestigkeitsanforderu ngen

Appendix D Literature

Seip, G. (Hrsg): EIB Handbu ch Gebäudesystem techn ik. (ISBN3-89578-076-6). Wein heim : Publicis MCD/VCH 1999.

Hidde, A.; Knoll, U.; Siebel, B.; Winter, A.: Funk-Gebäude-systemtechn ik. Schalten, Steuern, Regeln u nd Überwachenper Fun k. (ISBN 3-478-93207-6). Landsberg: mod erne

indu strie 1999.Rosch, R.; Dostert, Kl.; Lehmann, Kl.; Zapp, R.: Gebäudesys-temtechnik. Datenübertragung auf dem 230-V-Netz. (ISBN3-478-93185-1). Landsberg: moderne industrie 1998.

Hoppmann, W.: Die bestimmungsgerechte Elektroinstalla-tionsp raxis. (ISBN 3-7905-0768-7). Münch en: Pflaum 1998.

Scherg, R.: EIB planen und installieren.(ISBN 3-8023-1746-7). Würzburg: Vogel, 1998.

45



ImplementationA DALI system w as specified by area to offer the service feed-back from each ind ividu al ballast. A DALI-LONWORKS®

gateway provided a simple means of connection to theLONWORKS® BMS for direct control by the BMS. A pushpanel w as chosen to be fitted next to the en try door for a sim-

ple scene selection. The 7 button p anel variant was chosen tooffer a raise and lower function of the selected scene toenhan ce user freedom. All panel actions are transferred to th eBMS via the gateway to m aintain an awareness of all manualintervention.A Multisen sor was chosen for the meetin g room. This offersoccupancy detection, light measurement and an IR remotelink. A second gateway was used to offer fully autonomouscontrol for the meeting room. There are n o restrictions to th econnection of the second u nit, going directly be-tween the DALI and LONWORKS®, in effect in p arallel withthe first gateway.Occupancy information is forwarded to the BMS to facilitate

HVAC control of ventilation on/off when the room is occu-pied/ un occupied an d sched uling of light level changes only,when the room is un occupied.

Figure E 1.1: Floor plan showing an open plan office and associatedmeeting room. All areas similar

47

Gateway

Controlpanel

1 × 28 T5 fittings

MultisensorGateway



The choice of DALI ballasts furth er simplifies the installati-on, as the ballasts provide the su pp ly power to the gatewayswith control panel and multisensor removing the need for aseparate DALI supp ly mod ule.

Figure E 1.2: Gateway

Gateway specification overviewLonMark® 3.2 interoperable.A gateway between DALI and LONWORKS® systems, allow -ing an exchange of commands and information between aDALI area and th e Building Management System for mon itor-ing and master control purposes.DIN-rail mounting case, 36mm wide (4x9 mm modules)90mm height x 58mm d epth.Powered from the networks themselves, no additional supp-ly requ iremen t; from DALI 2 mA, an d LONWORKS® 1 LPUL

Message types from DALI to LONWORKS®:

SNVT_switch (On/Off/Up/Down)

SNVT_scene (Scene number)SNVT_occu pan cy (Occu pied /Un occu pied )SNVT_lux (Light level)UNVT_status ( DALI device status)

From LONWORKS® to DALI :

SNVT_switch (On/Off/Up/Down)

48

1 × 28 HFI 1 × 28 HFI 1 × 28 HFI

DALI

LON



SNVT_scene (Scene number)UNVT_status_request (DALI device status request)

The three levels of DALI addressing are provided for LON-WORKS® commands.

Broadcas t: To a ll dev ices i n t he DALI sys tem.Group To all devices in the defined group.

Device To th e sp ecifically ad dressed device.

Operation

DALI defaults offer functionality to a DALI system, evenwh en the power is ap lied for the first time. The ability to havebasic lighting control is a powerful feature. It enables the useof the lighting and facilitates a system check prior to com-missioning.The configuration of the system, the definition of how thevarious system comp onents h ave to interact, was an easy task

with the Digidim Toolbox running on a notebook computer.Note that here, with the small nu mber of indep enden t groups,only 2 per area were required. A configuration would havebeen equally as simple using the Digidim IR remote. Thesecurity and the simplicity of configuring multiple areas of the same layout are outstandin g benefits of the Toolbox. TheToolbox allows an offline configuration with a parameterdownloaded at the time of being connected to the physicalsystem. Alternatively the configuration parameters can beread from a system and memorized for a project. Minor chan-ges can easily be realized to suit an individu al area, if needed ,and then downloaded in a few moments.After completion of the first area configuration, the same file

was dow nloaded again for each one of the other areas withoutany further inp ut effort. The notebook PC is no longer re-quired, once the configuration has been completed. Theelectronic source files can easily be p rocessed, reviewed andkept off site as a security file.Light levels, wh ich are to be saved as scenes, can eith er be setand saved at the pan el or using the remote fun ction allowing

49



for individual variations to be set by the users of each areawithout affecting the system configuration.All of the DALI area systems were able to operate autono-mously prior to the commissioning and system integrationinto th e LONWORKS® backbone BMS, which was carried ou twith full transparency to the occupants.

Key benefits

• Optimised lighting control with interactive operation byBMS.

• No un necessary commun ications traffic in th e BMS back-bone. Only specifically needed data can be targeted fortransfer from the lighting control.

• Low total cost resulting fromlow cost componentslow cost for the installationEasy configuration and commissioning – e.g. no dipswitches to set.Reduced recurring cost through individual component

feedback.– occupancy an d light measuremen t for an intelligent

control of lighting and HVAC– status feedback, e.g. for lamp maintenance– information available for extra security

• Adaptable. A few simple changes in the configurationallow for an ad aptation to changes in an area that is in usewithout any need for rewiring or exchanging of the com-ponents.

• Enhanced operating security. Each area can op erated inde-pend ently in the event of failures, be it another area or theBMS itself.

50



Appendix E 2BASIC for simple applicationsInexpensive light control system using DALI components

Spotlight on simplicityAs the name suggests, the BASIC light control system hasbeen designed for inexpensive, easy-to-install basic applica-tions using the DALI interface protocol (Digital AddressableLightin g Interface). However, even BASIC offers en ough con-venience to create impressive lighting atmosph eres. Its cha-racteristics, such as easy operation, installation and commis-sioning, provide for great user-friendliness.Th ere is no n eedfor the programming of a device or a complicated trainingwith a system that is confined to the essentials for the envi-saged light applications.

Emphasis on flexibility

The BASIC light control system is suitable for numerousapplications. The spectrum covers task-specific lighting sit-uations in m ulti-purpose halls, just as much as in representa-tive offices or conference rooms.This system allows a free programming of up to four lightschemes, one of which is reserved for constant-light control.In order to set these schemes, four groups are to be defined atthe time of initialisation, although they may be changed atany time. The system permits the control of a maximum of 64 DALI subscribers.The perfect lighting solution for numerous applications canbe created in this simple w ay.

Good light for different activitiesIn the mu lti-purpose hall (Fig.E 2.1), which can be used ei-ther as a gym or as a hall for special events, the four lumi-naire groups h ave been installed as follows:

• Groups 1 to 3 are arranged in parallel to the window inorder to create ideal conditions for daylight control.

51



• Group 4 was wired separately for the purpose of high-lighting the stage on special occasions.

Figure E 2.1:The multi-pur-pose hallpresents itself for all occasionsin the right“light outfit“

Under these circumstances, the following schemes could beprogramm ed, for example:

• Scheme 1: Constant-light control (use of daylight) forsports activities

• Scheme 2: Evening sports activities• Scheme 3: Stage light for concerts

• Scheme 4: Light for cleaning

This selection of schemes would provide for a good coverageof all (lighting) requirements for various types of events.

The right light for every working situationReading, making telephone calls, sitting at a computer andholding meetings are the main activities in an office of adepartmen tal manager that the lighting has to be adapted to.Halogen lum inaires and h alogen d ownlights have been instal-

led for this purp ose in addition to pend ant long-bay luminai-res with fluorescent lamp s (Fig. E 2.2). Lum inaire groups h avebeen d efined as add resses for the lighting control:The long-bay lumin aires, wh ich have been arranged in par-allel to the w indow side (Groups 1 an d 2), provide the basicillum ination of the office forming the basis for a constan t-light control. Group 3 consists of the h alogen lumin aire

52

Group 1

Group 2

Group 1

Lighting strip 1

Lighting strip 2

Lighting strip 3

Window side



above the conference table, which can also be daylight-con-trolled on request. Group 4 com prises the halogen down -lights for highlighting purposes.

Figure E 2.2:BASIC provide sideal lighting con-ditions for differentactivities in therepresentativeoffice

The following programming, for example, would provide the

right, task-specific lighting atmosphere:• Scheme 1: Basic lighting (daylight control, Groups 1 to 3)• Scheme 2: Illumination of the conference table• Scheme 3: Working light for computer work

• Scheme 4: Highlighting

This selection guarantees a suitable lighting atmosphere th atthe employee feels comfortable in.

Light makes for a pleasant atmosphereThe dem ands on the lighting in a conference room (Fig. E 2.3)are just as high as those for an office with high-quality fur-

nishings. Therefore, a careful selection of the luminaires,lamps an d th eir control is crucial for any app lication of thiskind. In this instance the groups could be distributed as fol-lows:Group 1 provides the illumination of the conference tablewith halogen downlights. Downlights with circular fluores-cent lamps are available for the basic lighting (Group 2).

53

Fensterseite

Taster

LS/PD2

LS/PD1

1

2

3

4

Button

Window side



Group 3 is responsible for brightening up the ceiling withwall-mounted u plights. Group 4 add s highlights to the basiclighting with halogen d ownlights.The following lighting situations cou ld be set by combiningthe groups individually:

• Scheme 1: Reception lighting

• Scheme 2: Conference lighting• Scheme 3: Presentation lighting• Scheme 4: Exhibition lighting for comp any p resentations

This covers the range of lighting schemes perfectly, whichmay be required in th e conference room.

Simple, but nevertheless intelligentThe p ossibility of arranging the in dividu al groups, as sp eci-fied at the time of commissioning, makes a good environm entfor the design of light schemes that use the BASIC system. Atotal of just five buttons guarantees a simple setting of the

lighting situation (light scheme) via brightness values, whichhave been selected individually for the four groups.Similarly, it is no problem at all to change and store suchschemes. The central function (On/ Off/centralised d immin g)has been assigned to the "big" button.In view of the en visaged field of application, the con finemen tto four schemes is perfectly adequate. In this context, thewiring of the sensors on the controller assigns th e constant-light control function to Group s 1 to 3. This is an exp ressionof the consistent pursuit of the philosophy of simplicity inthe BASIC system.With the ‘presence’ function always linked to Scheme 1, aperson entering the room will automatically trigger the

activation of the constant-light scheme. The timer is restartedautomatically, as long as a motion can be detected in theroom. This situation is maintained in the event of a change inthe light setting as well, until the sensor will give thecomman d for automatic shut down . This will be "annou nced"in advan ce by a reduction of the brightness level to the min i-mum luminous flux.

54



Only after the set runnin g time has expired (no m otion in theroom) does the system return to its basic state. The lightingcan also be switched off manually, of course.

Figure E 2.3: BASICmakes it easy to createthe typical lightingsituations in a confe-rence room

Windowside

Should there be no requirement for the ‘presence’ or ‘con-stant-light’ function, the corresponding sensor connectionswill simply be out of use.

From simple to complexAll these characteristics make BASIC the ideal light controlsystem to design light schemes for simp le app lications. Moreelaborate requirem ents are m et by the ADVANCED light con-trol system, wh ich offers more convenience and will be pre-sented in the next issue of ECG SPOT. Naturally, you willalso be able to find the latest information on these light con -trol systems on the web pages.

55

1

2

3

4



Appendix E 3Example of a DALI application: combinedwork and training room

Description of the problem

A newly erected workroom in a workshop for the disabled isto be fitted with 8 work benches and a work desk for theinstructor. Each row of work benches is to have a control forswitching and dimming the row of lights above that workbench. This room is also to be used as a training room fortechnical instruction. The lighting for the w hole work roomconsists of the following:

– 8 rows of 5 (1 x 58 W) Lumin aires per row of work bench es– 1 row of 3 (1 x 58 W) Luminaires for the instructor’s work

desk and [black]board lighting

To ensure that the lights can be controlled on dem and, h ighindividu al light m anagement requirements. Nevertheless set-ting of the lights must n ot be too complicated and those wor-king in the room mu st be able to do this withou t any specialknowledge!Because the room is sometimes used as a training room, yetanother light control profile is required. The training in-structor should be able to dim all of the lighting from h is sta-tion. If no full room lightings is possible, the trainig instruc-tor should also be able to switch and dim the lighting indouble and single rows.

SolutionAs the installation requires a high degree of flexibility ingroup control and mu st be simple to op erate, DALI was theobvious solu tion. The sp ecific DALI addresses can be seen inthe table listed below and clearly match the deman ds ex-pressed by the user.

56



DALI groups

The DALI line h as 14 DALI groups!

DALI ScenesNo scenes are required in th is application

DALI components required

DALI operating elements (dimmable ballasts max. 64 perDALI line)– 8 rows x 5 Luminaires and 1 row x 3 Luminaires (ballast

1x58 W)/light = 43 DALI ballasts

DALI power supp ly– 1 DALI power supply

57

Lightin g DALI Group Can be operated fromNo. (max. 16)

1

st

row of lights, work bench 1 Work bench 1, desk2

ndrow of lights, work bench 2 Work bench 2, desk

3rd

row of lights, work bench 3 Work bench 3, desk

4th


5th


6th


7th


8th


Desk and blackboard lighting 9 Desk

All lights 10 Door, Desk

1st

+ 2nd row of lights 11 Desk

3 rd + 4th row of lights 12 Desk5

th+ 6th row of lights 13 Desk

7th

+ 8th row of lights 14 Desk



DALI group controller– DALI group control u nit for at least 13 DALI groups

InstallationDALI wirin g– Standard low voltage wiring (e.g. 5x1.5mm 2)

Control elements (switches, buttons, control panels, etc.)– Standard or as selected by the client

Conclusion

All of the lighting requirements can be metwith the definition of 14 DALI groups.DALI also offers th e op tion of fast an d easyadjustment, if the light p rofile should fun-damentally change. This application doesnot have any light scenes because theoccupation of the room changes severaltimes a day.

Figure E3.1:Workshop lighting

58

Row 1Row 2Row 3Row 4Row 5Row 6Row 7tow 8Desk light



59

Index

Aadd ress 22, 24

advantage 11allocation 27app lication 16, 28, 29————————————————————————————

Bballast 10, 23 ff broadcast 24building management 13––––––––———————————————————————

Ccable length 19, 31combination 17combined installation 26communication 9complexity 13componen t 20, 25configuration 20, 27connection 26control 11– bus 31– device 31, 34– devices 11– input 19– lead 19converter 20————————————————————————————

Ddata coding 18– transfer rate 17default values 12dimming 11– range 19



dimming time 20– transfer 20————————————————————————————

Eemergency lighting 12exchangeability 10

————————————————————————————

Ffading 125-wire cable 32flexibility 10, 28fun ctional un its 17————————————————————————————

Ggroup 12, 24– adress 35————————————————————————————

Iidentification 12IEC 60929 10individual address 35information 23installation 27, 28, 31– material 21interface 10, 17– supply 21– voltage 17interference 11IR-receiver 30isolation conditions 21

————————————————————————————Llead length 19lighting scenes 20, 35light management 10

60



MManchester code 18messages 11Multi-Master 24————————————————————————————

Oobjective 9operatin g device 34————————————————————————————

Pplanning 28– process 25power consump tion 23– supp ly 22pu re subsystem 16————————————————————————————

Rradio link 35

regrouping 20resistor 19revertive signals 19ring-shaped connection 21————————————————————————————

Ssafety distan ce 18scene 12security 17SELV 21sensor 30series wiring 26simplicity 10

Single Master 23stand -alone system 13– - – subsystem 15star configuration 26star-shap ed structu res 21sub-circuit 30subsystem 13switch 30

61



switch panels 25, 30system 22– cu rrent 19, 22– operation 22– size 19– solution 11————————————————————————————

Ttranslator 16tree-shap ed structu res 21type of fittings 25————————————————————————————Uun its 12, 23————————————————————————————

Vvariations 29voltage drop 33– ratings 18————————————————————————————Wwww.dali-ag.org. 13

dali manual gb

Documents