cyril cromier, frost & sullivan

8/10/2019 Cyril Cromier, Frost & Sullivan

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“We accelerate growth”

Frost & Sullivan’s Research and Market Consulting Group

Global Powertrain Trends

By

Cyril Cromier

Automotive and Transportation ractice

Frost & Sullivan



Agenda ! Glo"al o#ertrain trends

Global

Automotive

Powetai!"e!#$ a!# %e&

te'(!olo)ie$Powertrain *ales +i, towards -./0

$ Global Powertrain sales 1i, o2er2iew and brea3down b4 t45e

6ntrod78tion 9 Global :7to1oti2e Trends and 3e4de2elo51ents

;7ro5ean <ons71ers= :ttit7des > Per8e5tions Towards*7stainabilit4? ;n2iron1ent and :lternate Powertrains

Global :lternati2e Powertrain Te8@noloAies

$ B4brid Ce@i8les and Te8@noloAies

$ ;le8tri8 Ce@i8les 9 an o2er2iew

$ ;le8tri8 <orner +od7les 9 an o2er2iew

$ Global DioE7els 9 87rrent sna5s@ot and E7t7re o7tloo3



o#ertrain Technologies ! Strategic %s' (y"rids and Alternative Fuels' "u)) #ords as*+Ms scram"le to comply #ith emission norms

Powertrain Joint–ventures and Alliances likely to gain increased

economic importance.

Entry of new Asian players into the European market - new avenuesfor market consolidation

Downsizing and Turbocharging – Drive towards compliance with ACEA

CO2 norms

Electric Vehicle infrastructure – public paid recharging stations to

cater to both EVs and plug-in ybrids.

Biodiesel – Feedstoc availabilit! in Europe to pla! an important role"

imports #rom $outh Asia to still account #or a signi#icant share o# raw

material%

!iesels penetration post E"#$ % uncertain – dependant on e&haust

after-treatments costs

OBD threshold levels to be revised #or E&'O (%

)*+ and C,+ – A#termaret to account #or a ma-orit! o# )*+ &nits" OE to

contribute #or C,+%'icro ybridisation on a large scale to continue( Plug-in hybrids to

account for a small share.

.CC/ to have a ver! niche maret" su##icient volumes to mae this

technolog! commerciall! viable are still not available%

Source : www.partstrain.com




Global

Automotive













Glo"al o#ertrain mi, ! signi-icant regional di--erences in mi,. /iesel pre-erred in +urope'China and 0ndia. gro#th o- Micro hy"rids in +urope

Micro Hybridisation on a large scale to continue; Plug-in hybrids to account for a small share.

EVs infrastructure – public paid recharging stations to cater to both EVs and plug-in Hybrids.

Downsizing and urbocharging – Dri!e towards co"pliance with #$E# $%& nor"s in Europe' ($) syste"s -

E*)% + application in passenger !ehicles li,ely.

E"phasis on fuel consu"ption in orth #"erica as a result of $#/ nor"s' ier&0in1 nor"s stricter than E*)% 1

Har"onisation of e"ission standards at the global le!el being discussed' unli,ely i"ple"entation before E*)% 2

ti"efra"e

Forldwide Powertrain *ales 1i, -./0

.

0

/.

/0

-.

-0

H.

;7ro5e I: Ja5an <@ina Katin

:1eri8a

6ndia L7ssia *o7t@

:Eri8a

Morea

+ i l l i o n

Gasoline Niesel

B4brids :lternati2e O7els;le8tri8 Ce@i8les

.Q

/RQ

/Q

-.. -./0

S R +illion

S - +illion

-HQ

.Q

HHQ

Q

UUQ

UQ

VQ

UQ

Q

/.QU0Q

-HQ

HQ

0/Q/Q

V0Q

URQ

0Q

-VQ

/-Q

UQ

-.Q

H0Q0Q

/Q

V.Q

/VQ

-Q VUQ

/QH/Q

VQ

-Q

/Q/Q

$ (y"rids include Micro 1Start2stop3' Mild and Full (y"rids$ Alternative Fuels include Fle,2-uel' 4G and C5G$ (y"rids include diesel and gasoline and to avoid dou"le

counting they are not included in only 6/iesel7 or 6gasoline7

$ Total -or 899: and 89;< includes only regionsmentioned here= +,cludes rest o- the #orld=

Q

HQ

/Q




Global

Automotive













*8enario :nal4sis Eor B4brid Ce@i8les9 Pre1i71 W;+s li3el4 to Eollow D+FX standardise+i8ro B4brids Eor 2ol71e seA1ents

ACEA Agreement/mplementation

window

.

/...

-...

H...

T...

0...

V...

U...

P...

-..U -..P -..R -./. -.// -./- -./H -./T -./0

T @ o 7 s a n d s

<onser2ati2e *8enario Orost > *7lli2an *8enario

<o15arison oE diEEerent s8enarios Eor +i8ro B4bridCe@i8les in ;7ro5e

W;+

<onser2ati2e*8enario

remium *+Ms such as/C' Audi -ollo#ing BM>path and standardising

small' medium andcompact segment

vehicles

Orost > *7lli2an*8enario

olume *+Ms toleverage (y"rids

technology sho#casedin remium *+Ms andintroduce in volume

segments

D+F ?@9'9992?:9'999 ?@9'9992?:9'999

Nai1ler ?89'9992?9'999 ?89'9992?9'999

:7di <99'9992<89'999 <99'9992<89'999

Oord 8:9'999289'999 <:9'9992<9'999

Col3swaAen 8?9'999299'999 :<9'9992:@9'999

Oren8@ W;+s 899'99928<9'999 8'999'99928'99'999

Wt@er W;+s ;<9'9992;:9'999 <99'9992?<9'999

B4brid Col71es b4 3e4 W;+s in -./- aEter +i8ro@4bridisation

Penetration rate ) *+,

Penetration rate ) ,

0icro .!bridisation on a large scale liel! to help OE0s compl! with the ACEA Agreement target #or 212

*remium OE0s in a much better position to absorb 0icro .!bridisation costs in comparison to volume

OE0s" initial introduction o# 0icro .!brids b! *$A group wasn3t a great success



+i8ro Ysto5startZ B4brid Ce@i8les to be do1inant in ;7ro5e w@ile O7ll B4bridCe@i8les are 5o57lar in Ja5an and I:

Global B4brid Ce@i8les brea3down D4 LeAion? -./0

:[*TL:K6:MildD 8'<99FullD ?'<99

<B6I:MildD <'999FullD 9'999

*W[TB :OL6<:FullD 8'999

6IN6:MildD ;8'999FullD ;'999

L[**6:FullD 8'<99

*W[TB MWL;:MildD '999FullD :'999

!efinitions

0icro – $tart stop

s!stem

0ild – .onda Civic

Full – To!ota *rius4

ybrid

/ype

Micro Mild Full

$verall

Volumes

?=?

Million

@:9'999 ;=<

Million

2115

21(

*0+1

.* 'il

23,

%,

4%,

53,

6orth America

'il

4 'il

70,

73,

'icro

*, 'ild

Europe

211

5

21

(

*+1

0++1

'ild

75,

2+,

5+,

Japan

8ull

'ild

8ull



+

-++

5++

*++

3++

0++

%++

Asia Pacific Europe 6orth America $thers

/ h o u s a n

9EV e#EV 6EV:;9 PEV

V.Q

-Q

/-QUHQ

-Q

-Q

/Q

Q

0.Q

/Q

/Q

;le8tri8 Ce@i8le +ar3et\ Drea3down D4 LeAion Y;sti1atesZ? -./0

/]-- +illion

V/Q

HVQ

HQ

/Q

-..R-./0

0?V//

HQ

-.Q

RQ

-Q

VQ

HQ-RQ

/Q

6 Japan and China are the key markets for APAC=> likely 80 market share. China e!pects ma"or share from the local #$%s andp

potential for stron& &rowth in 'ndia

6e($) and P*$)s likely to account ma"or share in the +orth American market dri,en -y the ,irtue of demo&raphics and customer dri,in&

characteristics => % / Chrysler key #$%s. #n the other hand C$)s suit the demo&raphics for the $urope.

;C Drea3down b4 LeAion Iort@ :1eri8a to a88o7nt Eor 0- Q oE Alobal 1ar3etX<;Cs a88o7nt Eor 0VQ 5o57lar seA1ent in ;7ro5e



;le8tri8 <orner +od7les *755liers to dri2e t@e ;<+ 1ar3et rat@er t@an W;+s

;7ro5e.?...

I:/V.?...

Ja5an/.?...

SH.M [nits

S/?V.M [nits

An E9' could be any

combination of

6/ire6<heel6=rake6>teering6>uspension6Electric 'otor 69ooling >ystem

(onda’s +CM system hascomponents such as

motor' "raking' steering

as part o- +CM system=

Motor is sprung using a

"ar=

Mitsu"ishi system hascomponents such as

motor' "raking as part o-

+CM system= Motor is

sprung due to easier

integration=

Bridgestone concept hasmotor' steering' "raking'

suspension as part o-

+CM system= (o#ever

the motor is sprung to

avoid the e,tra #eight o-

unsprung mass=

Michelin concept in2#heelmotor has motor

unsprung #ith other

components such as

steering' suspension'

"raking= (o#ever' this

concept has a

disadvantage in terms o-

unsprung mass=

Bonda +its7bis@i DridAestone +i8@elin

Japan to be at the forefront in adopting ECMtechnology followed by N and Europe

0y Wire echnologies re3uired for i"ple"entation

of E$4 on all 5 wheels Design fle6ibility7 weight reduction7 fuel sa!ings

are so"e of the "ain dri!ers for E$4i"ple"entation

8ey %E4s – oyota7 Honda7 9eneral 4otors and4itsubishi

;7ro5eR.?...

I:V..?...

Ja5an0.?...

5+0 5+5+

http://world.honda.com/Tokyo2005/fcx/15.html



DioE7el 5rod78tion aro7nd t@e Forld 9 siAniEi8ant Arowt@ in ;astern 8o7ntries

!iofuels penetration is hea"ily dri"en by local go"ernmental regulations and biggest differentiatingfactor is the source of !iofuels which "aries from "egetables to fish. Clear leaders include !ra#il$%hailand and &ndia whereas ustralia appears to lag behind.

/R-U

/0 /

H0

0

-V

]0

/-]0

//.

-

0

]0

-V]0

Global Dioet@anol

Global Diodiesel

-..U -./H

-..U -./H:ll 2al7es in +toe 9 +illion tonnes oE oil e^7i2alent

DiodieselDioet@anol

DiodieselDioet@anol

DiodieselDioet@anol

Dioet@anol

Diodiesel

[*:

Dra_il

;7ro5e

:siaPa8iEi8



*trateAi8 W7tloo3 towards -.-. and De4ond 9 To be 5re5ared Eor t@e `7n3nown=

'emand from countries li(e China and &ndia li(ely to play a critical

part in the price and output of crude oil ) *il e+ploration rate$ cost of

processing and ,uality of oil to be deciding factors:ocal go!ern"ents pro!iding strategic support to 0iofuels need to ensure

that short ter" detri"ental effects are "ini"ised while pro!iding subsidies and

benefits to 0iofuels

*il companies forecasting price for crude oil to be about - /0

by 1020; huge potential for !iofuels to contribute considering

agricultural growth

&nd 9eneration 0iofuels to be co""ercially successful only if price of

e6tracting 0iofuels is lesser than or e3ual to price of producing fossil fuels

6on-$PE9

>upply

0%,

=iofuels

Volume

33,

6on-$PE9

>upply

4+, =iofuels

Volume

*+,

-.H. *8enario / 9 8onsiderinA @istori8alaAri87lt7ral s755l4 Arowt@

-.H. *8enario - 98onsiderinA @alE oE@istori8al aAri87lt7ral s755l4 Arowt@

Source : 1oo2 / Company

Total s755l4 oE //. +DPN Total s755l4 oE 0 +DPN




Global

Automotive













-..E 899: Frost & Sullivan= All rights reserved= This document contains highly con-idential in-ormation and is the sole property o- Frost & Sullivan=

5o part o- it may "e circulated' uoted' copied or other#ise reproduced #ithout the #ritten approval o- Frost & Sullivan=

+uropean Consumers’ Attitudes & erceptionsTo#ards Sustaina"ility' +nvironment and

Alternate o#ertrains

1(y"rids' Fle,2Fuels' 5G ehicles3

T@ *t d O 0 M P t t@ t N Ei t@ * t i bilit d



Pollution6 Air 7/ncl% CO289 ,oise9 :ater

!epletion of 6atural #esources

and Alternative 8uels

9limate 9hange 8uel Efficiency

#ecycling

Passenger 9ars ? @ight/rucks – 00,

A #e" survey #as conducted using a randomly

screened on2line consumer panel' consumers #ere

given incentives

0n all -?V intervie#s #ere conducted -or this

survey and F&S ensured that a solid

representation o- vehicle segments #ere captured

-rom each country covered including France' H'

Germany' 0taly and Spain

Respondents #ere recruited "ased on vehicle

segment #ho #ere personally involved in the

purchase decision o- the vehicles=

A good representation o- di--erent age groups

1younger than ;? #ere screened out3 & gender toensure a good representation o- consumers=

;99I8'@:;99I@9;99I8;;;99I99;99I;?;99I@9;99I@9?Total

=:I;998=<I;<?=@I;@=9I;8<=9I;@=I8@8=<I;<*[C

*1all

=I8@=I@9;;=I8?=?I8@=I88=8I<@;9=9I@;*[C

KarAe

;=?I@;=;I?89=I;8=?I:;<=;I:;8=I?<;=I:;+PC

8=I@?8=:I;<98;=I<8<=I?@8=I??8=@I;<98=<I;N>;

8=I@<8=?I;89=I8<=9I?<8=I??8=@I;<98=I;<;<

8=I@@8<=9I;<;;=9I98<=I?@8=I??8<=9I;<88=?I;<9:>D

Total[M*weden*5ain6tal4Ger1an4Oran8e

T@e *t7d4 Oo87ses on 0 Me4 Para1eters t@at NeEine t@e *7stainabilit4 and;n2iron1ental 615a8t oE Prod78ts

<W- t @ E l @i l i i ll i ;



<W- seen as 1ost @ar1E7l 2e@i8le e1ission o2erall in ;7ro5e

*%,

3%,

3*,

3,

*7,

3,

*2,

*,

*,

52,

5*,

5%,

0,

2,

5,

4,

7,

7,

3,

5,

%,

,

+,

5,

*,

+,

0,

3,

7,

5,

9$5 9$ 6$& 9 P'

ydrocarbons 9B

,

$&ides of 6itrogen

6$&B

+,

9arbon !io&ide

9$5B

*%,

9arbon 'ono&ide

9$B

52,

Particulate 'atter

P'B

0,

/otal European #esponse9ountry-wise =reakdown

Base: 2008 n=2,648, Fr n=607, Ger n=609, Ita n=317, Spa n=300, Swe n=211, UK n=604

:hile CO2 is seen as the most harm#ul vehicle emission in Europe the &; sees carbon mono<ide as most harm#ul while in /tal!

particulate matter is seen as most harm#ul vehicle emission%

/ i - li3 l t i t Di O l d @i l b E b t l d t



/ in - 8ons71ers li3el4 to resist DioO7eled 2e@i8les be8a7se oE 8on8ern abo7t land toArow Eood and ot@er reso7r8es

;* Please state whether you agree or disagree with the following statements...

3,

2,

,

5*,

*7,

30,

0%,

03,

%*,

55,

53,

*5,

54,

50,

57,

5*,

54,

5*,

02,

0+,

*%,

5%,

55,

2,

3,

02,

%3,/ am much more willing to consider a vehicle that runs on electricit! or

alternative #uels now than / was in the past

/ use less petrol or diesel now than / previousl! did and / drive with theenvironment in mind

/ would be ver! interested in purchasing a car that is made o# rec!clable parts

/ lie having good per#ormance #rom m! car so would pre#er bu! e<tra

technologies that help save #uel but / want to have high per#ormance

/ #eel m! vehicles impact on the environmental sustainabilit! is not an issue9

there are #ar more important environmental considerations to worr! about

/ am willing to pa! #or and tae driving lessons to teach me how to drive more

eco #riendl!

/ do not understand what a =carbon #ootprint= reall! is

/ am not concerned that the impact o# using bio>#uels will mean there is less

land to grow #ood and other resources

0! government is doing more than the! need to in order to help the

environment

!isagree "ndecided Agree

Base: 2008 n=2,648 Level ! s"#n"!"$an$e: 99% &r"#'t(ta"l: 0)*%+

:hile consumers are open to alternative #uels bio>#uel adoption ma! continue to be a sensitive issue until it can be proven that these #uels do

not impact #ood or other resources%

? in 1 consumers agree that the! are much more willing to consider a vehicle that runs on electricit! or alternative #uels than in the past and

demonstrates the greater awareness and heightened concerns about the environment and increasing #uel costs%

; o5eans Ce <on8e ned abo t 615a8t oE Dio O els * edis@ <ons 1e s Kess *o



;7ro5eans Cer4 <on8erned abo7t 615a8t oE DioO7els? *wedis@ <ons71ers Kess *o

/nterestingl! consumers in $weden are signi#icantl! less concerned about the impact o# bio>#uels on land to grow #ood and other

resources and ma!be due to less media attention on the issue%

French and $panish consumers are signi#icantl! more concerned about the impact o# bio #uels% &; and +erman views are almostidentical in that in 2 are worried about the e##ect o# bio>#uel and its impact on the land to grow #ood and other resources%

;* Please state whether you agree or disagree with the following statements...

C am not concerned that the impact of using bio-fuels will mean there is less land to grow food and other resources

%5,

37,0%,

4*,

*2,

37,

5+,

**,

*,3,

57,

**,

2, 2,*, *,

**,

2,

8rance Dermany Ctaly >pain >weden "1

9ountry

Agree

"ndecided

!isagree

Base: 2008 n=2,648, Fr n=607, Ger n=609, Ita n=317, Spa n=300,

Swe n=211, UK n=604, Level ! s"#n"!"$an$e: 9*% &r"#'t(ta"l:

2)*%+

Dio diesel > B- are t@e leadinA alternati2e E7el so7r8es Eor ne,t 2e@i8le 57r8@ase D[T



Diodiesel > B- are t@e leadinA alternati2e E7el so7r8es Eor ne,t 2e@i8le 57r8@ase D[T2iews diEEer b4 8o7ntr4

:hile consumers are read! to consider alternative #uel sources9 available vehicle models will hold bac adoption because o# limited

choice in the number o# cars on o##er using alternative #uels% Although bio>diesel is the most popularl! considered alternative #uel source9

French consumers would also consider bio>ethanol9 while /tal! .2 is o# interest as was )*+ in +erman!%

;5* Vehicle manufacturers are currently developing alternative fuel sources that can offer improved fuel economy and emissions.

<hich of the following alternative fuel sources will you consider when you purchase your ne&t vehicle Please select all that apply

5%,

50,

7,

2,

4,

*,

+,

4,

*3,

35,=io-diesel

ydrogen 5B

=io-ethanol

@iFuefied petroleum gas @PDB

9ompressed natural gas 96DB

'ethanol

@iFuefied natural gas @6DB

=iomass-to-liFuid fuels =/@B

Das-to-liFuid fuels D/@B

C will not consider any of the

above alternative fuel sources

3,

*3,

+,

4,

,

4,

3%,

53,

*0,

55,

*,

37,

**,

**,

5%,

*2,

5%,

30,

30,

34,

32,

0,

*5,

*2,

Dermany

Ctaly

8rance

"nited 1ingdom

>weden

>pain

@PD =io-ethanol 5 =io-diesel

Base: 2008 n=2,648, Fr n=607, Ger n=609, Ita n=317, Spa

n=300, Swe n=211, UK n=604, Level ! s"#n"!"$an$e: 9*%

&r"#'t(ta"l: 2)*%+

Oran8e > *5ain *@ow Greater 6nterest in Niesel B4brid *weden > Oran8e :lso +ore



Oran8e > *5ain *@ow Greater 6nterest in Niesel B4brid? *weden > Oran8e :lso +oreKi3el4 to <onsider Dio O7els

53.4,

*3.5, **.,

0*.%,

2.5,

0.3,

*%.4,

*+.%,

53.0,

*+., *+.4,

30.2,

50.5,

*+.,52.2,

0.*,

.2,

*4.4,

5*.,

3.0,

.3,

3.7,

57.3, *+.5,

Electric Vehicle =io or fle& fuelled vehicles Petrol ybrid !iesel ybrid

P e r c e n t o f c o n s u m e r s

8rance Dermany Ctaly >pain >weden "1

;* ow likely are you to consider the following fuel:engine types for your ne&t car purchase

$igni#icantl! more French and $panish consumers said the! were liel! or ver! liel! to consider diesel h!brid% $weden

which as a current active maret #or bio #uels and France showed signi#icantl! greater interest in bio o# #le< #uels%

/nterestingl! in the &;9 almost as ma! consumers selected petrol h!brid as the! did diesel h!brid indicating indi##erence inthe t!pe o# h!brid the! would pre#er9 while in +erman! petrol is more clearl! pre#erred9 probabl! due to better

per#ormance% *lease note that the variance o# results #or /talian and $panish consumers are in general wider than other

countries so the! tend to rate products and services more highl! than others%

Base: 2008 n=2,648, Ital n=317, Spa"n n=300, U)K n=604, Fran$e n=607, Ger-an n=609, Swe.en n=211, Level ! s"#n"!"$an$e: 9*% &r"#'t(ta"l: 2)*%+

DioE7els 5otential ne,t onl4 to B4bridsX / in H Ki3el4 or Cer4 Ki3el4 to <onsider Petrol or



DioE7els 5otential ne,t onl4 to B4bridsX / in H Ki3el4 or Cer4 Ki3el4 to <onsider Petrol orNiesel B4brid

'ising #uel prices are hitting consumers hard and more than ever people are willing to consider alternative #uelled vehicles% :hile

in @ consumers will consider diesel or petrol h!brids #or their ne<t car purchase a #urther 2( said the! were liel! or ver! liel! to

consider bio>#uelled vehicles% Even electric vehicles seem to appeal much more than the! did a decade ago with ? o# consumers

sa!ing the! were liel! or ver! liel! to consider one #or their ne<t vehicle%

;* ow likely are you to consider the following fuel:engine types for your ne&t car purchase

*, 0, 4,5*, 5,

52,5*,

*,

4,5,

5*, 53,

50,54,

*2,

*0, *0,*+, *%,

*5,54,

5, 3, %, 3, 5,

0, 3, 0, *, *, 5,

*4,

**,

7,

!iesel ybrid Petrol ybrid =io-fuelled or

Dasoline fle& fuel

ydrogen 5B @iFuefied

petroleum gas

a@PDB

Electric Vehicle 9ompressed

natural gas 96DB

Very @ikely

@ikely

"ndecided

6ot likely

6ot likely at all

'ean score 0 pointB *. 5.7 5.% 5.4 5.% 5.3 5.3

Base: 2008 n=2,648

Dio or Ole, O7els :55eal to o7nAer :Ae Gro75s > +PC Ce@i8le Wwners



Dio or Ole, O7els :55eal to o7nAer :Ae Gro75s > +PC Ce@i8le Wwners

Bio or #le< #uels appeal most to !ounger age groups probabl! because recent negative media attention on land used #or bio #uels ma! not

be reaching these segments o# the maret% 0* owners seem more liel! to consider bio or #le< #uels as the! are more cost conscious

while interesting is that small $& owners are split between being totall! against and totall! #or bio or #le< #uels% As with diesel h!brids9 the

older the consumer the less interested the! are in bio or #le< #uels%

;* ow likely are you to consider the following fuel:engine types for your ne&t car purchase =io or fle& fuels

4, %, 2,3,

7, 5+,

5, 5,55,

55,7, 0,

*4,*0,

*4,*%,

55, 5+, 5,5*, 5+,

5+,

3, *, 0, 0,+,

*7,*2,

5,

AG= 9 !GE 'PV >"V -

@arge

>"V -

>mall

Very @ikely

@ikely

"ndecided

6ot likely

6ot likelyat all

,0, 4,

5+,53, 55,

7,2,

5,

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2 to 50 5% to *0 *% to 30 3% to 00 0% to %0 %% or older

Vehicle >egment Age

Base: 2008 n=2,6*7, /B n=646, n=6*0, n=649, 5

n=364, SU s-all n=101, SU lar#e n=247, Level !

s"#n"!"$an$e: 9*% &r"#'t(ta"l: 2)*%+

Ta, in8enti2es Eor @4brid 2e@i8les and `Areen= te8@noloAies will best beneEit t@e



Ta, in8enti2es Eor @4brid 2e@i8les and Areen te8@noloAies will best beneEit t@een2iron1ent

? in 1 consumers sa! that ta< incentives #or h!brid vehicles and adopting green3 technologies will bene#it the

environment most% :hen data is compared to 9 data suggests that incentives #or purchasing h!brids are more

#avorabl! perceived than =green= vehicle ta<ation initiatives%

;5 ow much do you think the following Hgreen ta&I initiatives for cars will benefit the environment

0,

%,

7,

%,

57,

**,

*+,

52,

33,

3*,

*2,

50,

2,

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,

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53,

5%,

5%,

5, 53,/a& incentives for purchasing ybrid Vehicles

/a& incentives for having JgreenJ technologies which are implemented in

the car well before government regulations reFuire them.

9$5 vehicle emission based ta&ation policy - you are ta&ed more or less

depending on your vehicles emissions

Pay as you drive insurance schemes

#oad pricing schemes - you are charged based on distance travelled

8uel surcharges - additional fuel surcharges

6o benefit at all 6o benefit "ndecided =enefit Very beneficial

FillinAness to 5a4 Eor <IG KPG @4brid and ele8tri8 si1ilar FillinAness to 5a4 Eor 1i8ro



*7,*7,

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3,5,*,+,

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96D: @PD=io fuels Das fle& fuelElectric vehicle'icro hybridybrid

C would not pay e&tra for this type of vehicle "p to K377

K0++ to KL+++ KL++ to KL0++

KL0+ to K5L+++ K5L++ to K5L0++

K5L0+ to K*L+++ K*L++ or more

C would not consider purchasing this type of vehicle

FillinAness to 5a4 Eor <IG KPG? @4brid and ele8tri8 si1ilar] FillinAness to 5a4 Eor 1i8ro@4brids t@e least]

;37. Cf you were to purchase a hybrid or alternatively fuelled vehicle in the futureL how much e&tra would you be willing to

pay for each of the following types of vehicles compared to a similarly eFuipped gasoline vehicle 'ean Cn EuroB

Base: n=2,648

'ean Price +5.+7 23+.05 +5+.5 7*0.%* +53.22

EuroB

cyril cromier, frost & sullivan

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