cwe journal abstract volume 3, number 1

Volume 3 No. 1 Page No. 1-14 June 2008

Removal of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions from aqueous solution via Tripoli: Simple

component with single phase model

T. Hasan2, Z. Anber1, M. Anber2*, M. Batarseh3, F. Nasr4, A. Ziadat5, Y. Kato3 and A. Jiries2

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, P.O Box 15008 Amman 11131 (Jordan) ²Department of Chemical

Science, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, 61710 Al-Karak, P.O Box 7 (Jordan) ³Prince Faisal Center for Dead Sea,

Environmental and Energy Research, Mu’tah University, P.O. Box 3, Karak 61710, (Jordan) 4Faculty of Agriculture, Mu´tah

University, Al-Karak, P.O Box 7 (Jordan) 5Faculty of Engineering, Mu´tah University, Al-Karak, P.O Box 7 (Jordan)

Received on March 21, 2008 and accepted on May 05, 2008

ABSTRACT

The removal of heavy metals (Cu2+, Zn2+and Ni2+) from aqueous model solution has been studied using Tripoli (Microcrypto crystalline silica = MCCS) as adsorbent. The adsorption equilibrium studies are performed with a constant initial metal ion concentrations (namely 10 and 100 mg.L-1) and varying adsorbent weight. The adsorption percentages of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions increase sharply by increasing adsorbent doses in the range of 0.5 g to 5 g (approx.) and then it slightly increases in the range of 5 g to 10 g of Tripoli, while the percentage removal of Ni2+ increases sharply in the whole range of 0.5 to 10 g of Tripoli. In this level, the maximum adsorption might be attained. The best pH value is at about 7 to achieve the maximum removal, otherwise the precipitation of sorbet and the hydrolysis of sorbent are occurred. The removal percentages at pH = 7 are high (Approx. above 92%), where the diluted Zn2+ is characterized as the highest removal efficiency. The obtained experimental data has successfully fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Freundlich constant Kf for Zn2+ is greater than the other heavy metals for the initial concentration 100 mg.L-1. The negative value of DG° confirms the feasibility of the process and the spontaneous nature of adsorption with a high preference for metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+, respectively) to adsorb onto Tripoli.

Keywords : Zinc, Copper, Nickel, Tripoli, Microcrypto crystalline silica (MCCS), Isotherm models


Changes in vegetation and soil properties under semi-nomadic animal raising areas in

highlands, rangelands of Turkey

Ali Koc, H. Ibrahim Erkovan and Yunus Serin

Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University - 252 40 Erzurum (Turkey)

Received on February 03, 2008 and accepted on April 11, 2008

ABSTRACT

Animal raising depending on rangeland is the main economic activity for settlements especially for the semi-nomadic animal raisers, in highlands of Turkey. Overgrazing and erosion are the main problems in this rangeland. The aim of this study was to determine changes in vegetation and soil properties among rangeland sites especially in the highlands of Turkey grazed during different parts of the year due to semi-nomadic animal raising system. Three rangeland sites, near permanent settlement (site I), midpoint between permanent and temporary settlement (site II), and near the temporary settlement (site III) were selected. In each site, botanical composition, canopy coverage, range condition score, and some surface soil properties such as texture, organic matter content, aggregate stability, CaCO3 content, pH, plant available P, and K content were determined. Grass frequency changed from 29 to 50 % among sites and the frequency was the lowest at the site III and the highest at the site I. The canopy coverage was the highest at the site III and the lowest at the site II. All results have indicated that overgrazing is the main problem in the rangelands under semi-nomadic animal raising areas as in throughout Turkey.

Keywords : Overgrazing, soil properties, vegetation, vegetation and soil relationship


Heavy metal status and physicochemical properties of agricultural soil amended by

short term applicaton of animal manure

S.A. ODOEMELAM* and O. AJUNWA

Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State

(Nigeria)

Received on April 18, 2008 and accepted on June 02, 2008

ABSTRACT

A survey was conducted to estimate short term heavy metal build up in arable soils amended with animal manure. Soil samples were collected from parts of the Michael Okpara University of Agriculture farm amended with animal manure and analyzed for heavy metal concentration and physicochemical properties. Zinc was the most abundant mineral with a mean concentration of 112.34 mg/kg, while Cd had the lowest mean concentration of 2.16 mg/kg. Lead and Chromium had the mean concentrations of 14.90 and 16.96 mg/kg, respectively. Arsenic was, however, not detected. Calcium was the most abundant exchangeable base followed by Mg, K and Na. Exchangeable acidity ranged from 1.60 to 2.40 while available P ranged from 5.40 to 67.81. Physicochemical properties of the samples showed that the soils were loamy with 77-91 % sand, 6.00 -11.9 % clay and 2.89-13.91 % silt. Soil pH in water ranged from 5.16 to 7.19. The application of animal manure affected physicochemical properties and caused heavy metal enrichment of the agricultural soils studied.

Keywords : Soil, heavy metal, physicochemical properties, animal manure.


Effect of maternal age on cord blood nutrients

and birth weight at term

I. ONYESOM, A.E. OSHUNLOYE, U.E. UZUEGBU and S.M. suru*

Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University (Abraka) *Nutritional Biochemistry Unit, Department of

Biochemistry, University of Ibadan (Ibadan)


ABSTRACT

Adequate nutrition has been reported to increase the frame size and birth weight of neonates at term. These anthropometric measures have been used to predict foetal growth and well-being. It has been observed that the amounts of maternal serum and cord blood glucose influence these anthropometric parameters. Therefore, this study reports the relationship between maternal age and some biochemical indices of foetal nutrition (maternal serum and cord blood glucose, and birth weight at term). Pregnant subjects between 15 and 45 years, and who were about to be delivered were selected from the Labour room, Central Hospital, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Cases of complications and disease conditions were excluded. Weight and age-matched, non-pregnant women in apparent good health were randomly recruited as control subjects. The results show that younger (15-19years) and older (40-45years) pregnant women had reduced blood glucose (4.42±1.31mmol/L: R>0.05 and 3.52±1.49mmol/L: R>0.05) levels, and this consequently, reduced babies cord blood glucose (3.28±0.98mmol/L:R<0.05 and 2.81±0.79mmol//L:R<0.05) and birth weight (3.28±0.77kg and 3.10±0.63kg) at term. Maternal serum glucose of the pregnant women between 20-39 years was 4.65±1.39mmol/L. The cord blood glucose and birth weight of their neonates at tem were 3.51±1.16mmol/L and 3.48±0.70kg. Special prenatal care should be given to these categories of pregnant women (15-19 and 40-45years) in Nigeria, in order to minimize or if possible, eliminate the medical complications associated with small foetal size and low birth weight.

Keywords : Cord blood, Birth weight, Glucose, Nutrition, Maternal age.



The use of low cost and environment friendly materials for the removal of heavy metals

from aqueous solutions

Nour El-Din T. Abdel-Ghani¹ and Ghadir. A. El-Chaghaby²*

¹Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza (Egypt). ²Agriculture Research Center, Giza (Egypt).

Received on February 17, 2008 and accepted on May 09, 2008

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of rice husk and Nile rose plant for their ability to remove Cr (III), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from their mixed aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, pH, initial metal concentration and amount of adsorbent on the adsorption process at room temperature 25 ± 2°C were studied. Batch adsorption studies showed that an equilibrium time of 90 min. was required for the adsorption of Cr (III), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd (II) and Pb(II) on both investigated adsorbents. The maximum metal removal was found to be pH dependent . With an increase in the concentrations of these metals, their adsorption decreased on both of the adsorbents. The experimental data were best fitted to the Temkin isotherm model. Rice husk and Nile rose plant were found to be good metal adsorbents. A case study was also performed to examine the feasibility of using the investigated adsorbents for treating real electroplating wastewater.

Keywords : Adsorption, chromium, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead,rice husk, Nile rose plant, Temkin isotherm


Sorption potentials of waste tyre for some

heavy metals in aqueous solution

P.E. OMUKU, A.K. Asiagwu, P.A.C. Okoye, I.A. Orji and S.C. Ilabor*

Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (Nigeria) *Department of Chemistry Federal

College of Education (Technical) Asaba (Nigeria)


ABSTRACT

An investigation into the adsorption potential of activated and unactivated waste tyre powders for some heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+) in their aqueous solution has been studied. The result indicated that unactivated waste tyre is a good non-conventional adsorbent for the removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solution. A total of 93.3% of cadmium, contents was removed. The unactivated waste type proved a good absorbent for the removal of Cd2+ 5g of 500µm activated tyre removed over 86.66% of Pb2+ from solution.

Keywords : Activation and unactivation, adsorption, removal of heavy metal from aqueous solution.


Dust load and heavy metals deposition in a seasonally dry tropical urban environment in

varanasi

Anupama Pandey*, Kavita Tiwari and J. Pandey

Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advance study in Botany, Varanasi - 221 005 (India)

Received on March 03, 2008 and accepted on April 27, 2008

ABSTRACT

Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization lead atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and dust load to become a global problem. We investigated the deposition of dust and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn and Cu) at selected urban and sub-urban sites of Varanasi, India. Dust- fall samples from different sampling location were collected and selected heavy metals viz. Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn and Cu in them were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Average flux of 2.882, 0.338, 2.964, 12.220, 22.275 and 2.890 g h-1 y-1 were measured for Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn and Cu respectively. The result has shown that dust load significantly higher in summer and winter as compared to rainy season. The deposition rate of Ni, Pb, Mn and Cr were significantly higher during summer and that of Cd, Cu and Zn deposition rates were highest during winter. The present study showed that dust load and deposition rate of mostly heavy metals significantly higher during summer and lowest during rainy season and clearly points out the urban areas of the city have potential to elevate the levels of heavy metals in the atmospheric deposits.

Keywords : Dust load, heavy metal, atmospheric deposition, urban environment.


Evaluation of water quality of river Tawi with reference to physico-chemical parameters of

district Jammu (J&K), India

Roopma Gandotra¹, J.P. Sharma², Hina¹ and Payal Andotra¹

¹Department of Zoology, University of Jammu (India) ²IIIM, Canal road, Jammu (India)


ABSTRACT

The physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, Free CO2, DO, CO3-, HCO3-, Ca++, Mg++ and Cl-) were carried out for one year (April 2006 to March 2007) to evaluate the water quality of river Tawi (J&K). Four sampling stations (I to IV) were selected within the city limits of Jammu. Physico-chemical parameters were within the permissible limits but showed a regular trend of increase with increase of sewage contamination, as we move from Station I to IV. Contamination of river water suggests certain control measures to protect the riverine ecosystem for health, hygiene and sustainable environment.

Keywords : Tawi river, Physico-chemical parameters, Sewage, Pollution.


Physico-chemical characteristics of ground

water of Surat city

Viral H. Raval and G.M. Malik*

Department of Chemistry, Navyug Science College, Surat (India)

Received on February 28, 2008 and accepted on March 31, 2008

ABSTRACT

Ground water samples were collected from different locations in the radius of 25 km. of Surat city, Gujarat(India). These samples of ground water from 12 sampling point of Surat for their physico-chemical studies were tested. Laboratory tests were performed for the analysis of samples for pH, Colour, Odour, Hardness, Chloride, Alkalinity, COD, Sulfate, TDS, SS, Fe, Cu, Boron and Chromium. On comparing the results against drinking water quality standards laid by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and World Health Organization (WHO), it is found that most of the water samples are non-potable for human being due to high concentration of one or the other parameter. Most of the samples have Total Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride and TDS values much higher than the permissible level stipulated by ICMR and WHO. The high values of these parameters may have health implications and therefore these need attention.

Keywords : Ground water quality, physico-chemical studies, TDS, COD, Surat.


A comparative study of ground water quality and water quality index of certain selected

areas situated around Tumkur city, Karnataka

c. vijaya bhaskar and g. nagendrappa*

Department of studies in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore (India)

Received on April 14, 2008 and accepted on May 20, 2008

ABSTRACT

Ground water is believed to be comparatively clean and free from pollution than surface water. Prolonged discharge of domestic sewage and solid waste causes the ground water to become polluted and create health hazards, but the National Water Policy (2002) states, "adequate clean water should be provided to the entire population both in urban and rural areas". Therefore the ground water samples from 15 locations of 5 selected areas namely, Kadaba, Kallambella, Honnudike, Hebbur and Kunigal of situated around Tumkur city have been collected from August to December, 2007 and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters. The values obtained were compared with standards prescribed by ISI and WHO. The data have revealed that certain water samples from Kallambella, Kadaba and Honnudike area have high nitrate level and are of immediate health concern. The water samples of Kallambella area were found to be too hard. The Canadian Council of Ministers of The Environment (CCEM) water quality index (WQI) values were calculated fro a few samples of selected areas and compared with the approved values. The results so obtained would account for the fact that the water samples from Hebbur (S1) and Kunigal (S2) area are of excellent quality; samples (S2) of Kadada area are of good quality, samples (S1) of Honnudike area are of fair quality whereas samples (S2) of Kallambella area are of marginal quality.

Keywords : Phycio-chemical parameters, Ground water quality, Water quality indexes, Selected areas


A study on correlation coefficient of some physico-chemical characteristics of Tumkur

city sewage

K.S. Kumara and S.L. Belagali

Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysore - 570 006 (India)


ABSTRACT

The Tumkur city sewage samples were collected and analysed from February 2007 to January 2008 for six sampling points - residential area (S1), business centre (S2), slum (S3), converging point (S4), open drain (S5) and treated sewage water (S6). The correlation coefficient ‘r’ of some physico-chemical parameters is derived. There is wide variation in the sewage quality, which is reflected by the results. The usefulness of this approach has been demonstrated to predict the quality of domestic waste. The result of the study is useful to predict the anthropogenic activities of the area. The present study reveals the significant correlation among pH-alkalinity, electrical conductivity-total dissolved solids, hardness- chloride, BOD-COD, although the quality of sewage varied significantly. The study of correlation coefficient facilitates the rapid monitoring process of sewage and gives an idea of treatment technique.

Keywords : Sewage, EC, TDS, BOD, COD, Correlation coefficient.


A study of heavy metals in sludge, sewage and industrial waste water of different districts of

Haryana

S. Maheshwari, P.K. Joshi¹, R. Kumar and N. Singh²

¹Soil and Crop Management Division, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001 (India) ²Department of

Biology and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheswar University of Science and Technology, Hisar - 125 001 (India)


ABSTRACT

Several electroplating industry including agricultural sector industries, sewage treatment and mining operations all combine to generate hazardous waste water containing enormous amounts of toxic heavy metals. The accumulations of these toxic heavy metals in human beings, animal cause many metabolic disorders. Heavy metal concentration was estimated in sewage, sludge and electroplating wastewater collected from Karnal, Panipat, and Sonepat districts of Haryana. Heavy metals were estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni were not found in any studied industrial effluent, sludge, and sewage samples, while some of the following soluble heavy metals ranged from: Cd (0.015 - 0.451 mg/L), Cr (0.015 - 0.248 mg/L), Pb (0.014 - 0.351 mg/L) and Ni (0.023 - 0.624 mg/L). Similarly total heavy metal ranged from: Cd (0.2 – 6.5 mg/L), Cr (0.1- 180 mg/L), Pb (0.1 - 180 mg/L) and Ni (0.3-125 mg/L).

Keywords : Electroplating, accumulation, Wastewater, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Lead.


Study of physicochemical quality of pond

water in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh

s.k. shrivastava¹* V.K. gupta², kiran vajpai³, d.k. shrivastava and sharad k. vajpai*

Chemistry Department, C.M.Dubey Postgraduate College, Bilaspur - 495 001 (India) ¹Regional Office, C.G. Environment Conservation Board, Near Shiv Temple, Avanti Vihar Colony,

Rajpur, Chhattisgarh (India) ²Zoology Department, C.M.Dubey Postgraduate College, Bilaspur - 495 001 (India) ³Chemistry

Department, Government Girls Postgraduate College, Bilaspur - 495 001 (India)

Received on May 09, 2008 and accepted on June 27, 2008

ABSTRACT

Physico-chemical quality of water samples form four major ponds, i.e. pond near Depotpara, Vinobanagar (S1); pond near Old Power House, Torwa (S2); pond near Family Planning center, Sarkanda (S3); and pond near Devnandannagar (S4) situated in Bilaspur city has been evaluated on monthly basis in between January - 2007 and December - 2007. Water samples collected were analysed for their physics chemical characteristics viz. Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Turbidity, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Total suspanded solids, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Chloride, Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulphate and Phosphate. Data obtained from these analyses were statistically analysed to determine the correlation between various water quality parameters.

Keywords : Physico-chemical parameters, water quality, Bilaspur.


Ecological interaction of toxigenic Vibrio

cholerae in aquatic environment

H.k. KHUNTIA, S.K. SAMAL, A.K. SARANGI, S.R. NAYAK, S.K. KAR and B.B. PAL*

Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), C. S. Pur, Bhubaneswar - 751 023 (India)


ABSTRACT

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera, an acute dehydrating diarrhoea that occurs in epidemic form in many developing countries. Aquatic ecosystem is the major habitat of toxigenic V. cholerae, where it interacts with various abiotic and biotic factors to survive. To acknowledge the seasonal appearance, endemic nature and genetic deviation of V. cholerae it is essential to understand the interaction of V. cholerae with biotic and abiotic factors in aquatic ecosystem. This article summarizes the ecological interaction of toxigenic V. cholerae with different abiotic and biotic factors in aquatic ecosystem during the interepidemic period and their effect in clonal shift due to change of population structure. Suitable salinity, pH, nutrient content, temperature and the presence of aquatic macrophytes, phytoplanktons, zooplanktons, fish, mollusks and crustaceans present in the aquatic ecosystem favors the survival of toxigenic V. cholerae. Diversity, relatedness and ecological interaction of toxigenic vibrio population in different habitats can bring changes in genetic make up due to natural stresses. In aquatic ecosystem V. cholerae interact with ecofactors for its survival and fluctuation in population structure may cause the dynamics of the diseases.

Keywords : Cholera, clone, aquatic, environment, toxigenic, Vibrio cholerae.


Evaluation of borewell water of various places located in and around industrial area of

Aurangabad district of maharashtra

Sumant B.Bikkad, Sunil R. Mirgane* and Aravind R. Mahajan

P.G. Depatment of Chemistry J.E.S. College, Jalna - 431 203 (India)


ABSTRACT

Present investigation deals with the study of borewell water samples in and around the industrial area of Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, used for various domestic uses. Physico-chemical parameters of selected borewell waters were evaluated indicates that water samples are polluted, maximum of samples have E.C., TDS, Hardness, Ca++, Mg++ and COD values exceeding the permissible limits for drinking purpose. It is observed that the main sources of pollution are due to industrial waste water, municipal sewage, lack of sanitation and presence of inorganic constituents in the waste water.

Keywords : Borewell water, Physico-chemical parameter


Consumption coefficient of phosphorus by some crops in the solids of Jaunpur District

(U.P.) India

Ashok Kumar Singh¹, M. H. Ansari¹, S. K. Singh² and N.P. Singh³

¹Department of Chemistry, S.G.R.P.G. College, Dobhi, Jaunpur (India) ²Department of Chemistry, U.P. Autonomous College, Varanasi (India) ³Department of Chemistry, T.D.P.G. College,

Jaunpur (India)

Received on March 12, 2008; and accepted on May 17, 2008

ABSTRACT

Through the intenstive use of fetilizers green revolution has been successful increasing agricultural production bu the spot of ground where the corn and plants grew has changed beyond recognition. In the race of producing more food at any cost, soils in countries like India has badly deteriorated. Industrialization, urbanization and infrastructural developments have reduced agricultural land to a significant extent which is to be compensated by excesive use of fertilizers. Crops according to their nature consume a fraction of nutrients applied to the field while the rest causes soil and water pollution. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to assess the consumption coefficient of phosphorus by two common crops. i.e. mzie (Zea mays) and paddy (Oryza sativa).

Keywords : Consumption coefficient, Phosphatic fertilizers.


Determination of water quality of different

areas of Kaithal,Haryana

Anurag Khatkar¹ and Neha Garg²

¹R.K.S.D. College of Pharmacy, Kaithal (India) ²Zublliant Pharmaceuticals, Noida (India)


ABSTRACT

Ground water which were taken from the various places of in and around Kaithal town were analyzed and the analysis reports that the water quality parameters like pH, EC, Cl-,TDS ,Ca2+, Mg2+ and Hardness lies within the maximum permissible limit prescribed by WHO and ICMR. Except few parameters like DO, few samples were reported with lower DO than the permissible level, but this value does not have any impact for the water to use for drinking purpose.

Keywords : Total Hardness, Conductivity, EDTA titrimetric method.


Study of trace metals in water of Satna region

and their effect on health

K.B.L. Shrivastava¹, S.K. Pandey² and B.P. Singh³

¹Government Girl’s College, Satna (India) ²V.I.T.S. Engineering College, Satna (India) ³Chemistry Government Girls College,

Satna (India)


ABSTRACT

Water pollution is a threat to lead a healthy life. Vast industrialization and uses of nsecticides and pesticides are the reason of changing Physico-Chemical characteristics of water. The present study was undertaken with a view to detect different types of trace metals found in water of Satna region. For this purpose mineral resources of this region are considred at the root level

Keywords : Trace metals, water quality, Satna region, health.


Assessment of heavy metals in ground water

of Aurangabad Industrial areas

Sumantrao. B. Bikkad and Sunil. R. Mirgane*

Post graduate department of chemistry, J.E.S.College, Jalna 431 203 (India)


ABSTRACT

Changes in the quality of ground water resources are related to presence and concentration of contaminants, especially heavy metals such as Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Zinc Lead, Mercury and Nickel is known to have aneugenic effects. This study was carried out to assess the presence and concentration of heavy metal As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Ni in ground water of Aurangabad industrial areas .

Keywords : Ground water, Heavy Metals.


Heavy metal adsorption by clinoptilolite from

aqueous solutions

P.P. Wani and S.R. Thorat

School of Environmental and Earth Sciences North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon (India)

Received on February 24, 2008 and accepted on March 12, 2008

ABSTRACT

The present investigation has been carried out to assess a chromium, cobalt, and cadmium from wastewaters by natural and modified zeolites were examined by using batch type method. A clinoptilolite type synthetic / natural zeolite were pretreated with HCl and HNO3 to improve the adsorption capacity for heavy metals. The removal efficiencies and kinetics of heavy metals such as chromium, cobalt and cadmium on natural modified zeolites were determined. The kinetics of adsorption indicates the process to be diffusion controlled. This process is very well work in industrial treatment plant of various industries using heavy metals for their production.

Keywords : Heavy metal, natural zeolites, adsorption, kinetics, wastewater treatment


a study on the quality of ground water in and

around ramanathapuram city

M. Riswan Ahamed1, R. Azarudeen1, M. Karunakaran2 and a. Burkanudeen1*

1PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli - 620 020 (India).

2Department of Chemistry, NGM College, Pollachi - 642 001 (India).

Received on January 20, 2008 and accepted on May 21, 2008

ABSTRACT

Physico-chemical parameters of ground water from ten sampling points in and around Ramnad city were determined. The results of the analysis were compared with the standard values from ISI and WHO. The results obtained shows that, among the ten samples, five samples were not suitable for drinking purpose based on total dissolved solids, the amount of Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Cl- and SO42- ions. The amounts of total and fecal coliforms were also very high in sample collected from Ramnad town.

Keywords : Physico-chemical parameters, Biological parameters, Bore well water.


Studies on water quality of Kaliyasot Dam,

Madhya Pradesh, India

Yogesh Singh and H.C. Kataria*

P.G. Department of Chemistry, Government Geetanjali Girls P.G. Collage, Bhopal - 462 038 (India)


ABSTRACT

It is important to make assessment of water resources their magnitude, distribution and scope of utilization. It is also important to have an idea of the present and future demands of water for various uses e.g. industrial, irrigational and domestic purposes in public health point of view. In the present study it has attempted to assess water quality of ‘Kaliasot dam’ for a period of one year 2007-08 in monsoon, winter and summer seasons. The samples were collected from different points to cover complete dam area. The parameters observed are temperature, pH, Electrical conductance, turbidity, Total solids, TDS, SS, Nitrates, Phosphate, chloride, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Ca-H, Mg-H, D.O., BOD, COD, Na, K, Sulphate & Fluoride, all physico- chemical parameters .

Keywords : Assessment, utilization, irrigational, quality, parameters.


Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of drinking water of Bhitarwar town, Gwalior,

M.P. India

NAVEEN KUMAR SINGH¹, K.P.S. CHAUHAN² and D.S. KADAM³

¹Chemical Research Lab. SMS Government Model Science College Gwalior (India) ²Dr. B.S. Govt. P.G. College Gwalior

(India) ³Government Chemical Lab. Div. Ground water Survey Unit-2 Gwalior (India)


ABSTRACT

Safe drinking is the primary need of every human being .Some ions dissolved in water are essential for human beings, if present in appropriate concentration, while higher concentration of the same can cause adverse effect to human health. Ten(10) water samples are collected from Bhitarwar Town and Near by Villages(Gwalior District).Some parameter are within the permissible limits as prescribed by ISI and W.H.O. while other is beyond the limits. The ionic concentration is expressed in mg/L.

Keywords : Ground water quality and Chemical parameters.


Total solids occurring in various industries

effluent water present in Durg district

parminder kaur

Department of Chemistry Indira Gandhi Govt. College, Vaishali nagar, Bhilai, distt. durg - 490 023 (India)


ABSTRACT

For pure water the hardness is very low because in it low dissolved ions. Water with no dissolved solids usually has flat taste, whereas water with more than 500mg/l tds has a disagreeably taste. In case of industrial effluent water in which many dissolved ions are their the hardness is very high and it will show many soluble matter in it. The hard water retards the cleaning action of soaps and detergents causing an expense in the form of extra work and cleaning agents. Furthermore, if the hard water is heated it deposits a hard scale on heating coils, cooking utensils, and other equipment with a consequent waste of fuel. The scale formed by the hard water coats the inside of distribution system piping, which can eventually cause significant reduction in its water carrying capacity.

Keywords : Total solids, industries effluent, water, Durg district.


Analytical studies of some ground water in

Sailu tehsil of Parbhani district

D.U. THOMBAL, r.U. AMBHURE and S.R. MIRGANE*

P.G.Department of Chemistry,Jalna Education Society's, R.G. Bagdia Arts, S.B.Lakhotia Commerce and R.Bezonji Science,

College, Jalna - 431 203 (India)


ABSTRACT

Analytical studies of thirty groundwater samples from diffrent sites in sailu tehsil was carried out during the month of April-2007. The water quality parameter like temperature, pH,electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), chlorides (Cl-),Sulphates (SO42-), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesim (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+),dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity (TUB) were studuied and out come of the results were disscoused.

Keywords : Analytical studies, ground water, Sailu tehsil.


Influence of sustainable agricultural practices on chemical properties of vertisol soil with

Soybean-Wheat cropping sequence

r.k. tenguria and k. menaria

Division of Microbiology, Department of Botany, Government Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalaya, Bhopal - 462 002 (India)


ABSTRACT

The present study is one step towards sustainable agricultural practices. The results observed for chemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available sulphur, zinc content, organic carbon content and organic matter of vertisol soil indicated that these properties were significantly enchanced at different stages of Soybean and Wheat growth on the application of different IPNM treatments. The best results were observed with T7 treatment (100% NPK+FYM). The incorporation of different IPNM treatment has also showed that IPNM treatments have significantly leading to the improved chemical properties of soil.

Keywords : IPNM, vertisol, organic carbon, organic matter.


Studies on the physico-chemical

characteristics of ground water of Korba

Renu nayar* and Deepak Tiwari

Department of Chemistry, D.P. Vipra College, Bilaspur (India)


ABSTRACT

The paper reports analysis of physico-chemical characteristics of underground drinking water of industrial areas of Korba in Chattisgarh state. This study analysed quarterly physico-chemical data collected from four sampling stations in Korba and its surrounding industrial areas from January 2006 to December 2007. The results of this analysis reveals that electrical conductivity of water samples was found to be as high as 547.20 µmho/cm during April 2007 at Bhadrapara. The maximum value of the total dissolved solids and total solids recorded was 550 mg/l in July 2007 and 660 mg/l in April 2007 at Bhadrapara which is higher than permissible limit of WHO standards (>500mg/l). The value of COD and total hardness of the various sample were always higher than the permissible limits. COD of the water samples recorded a maximum of 190mg/l at Bhadrapara during April 2007. High values of fluoride (>1mg/l) and nitrate (>10mg/l) concentration were recorded at some stations. All the samples had chloride concentration within the permissible limit ranging from 16.24mg/l at Parsabhatta in October 2006 to 176.2 mg/l at Kosabari in April 2007. It is found that all water samples are free phosphate pollution as the amount of phosphate varied from 0.05mg/l at Kosabari in October 2006 to 0.88mg/l at Bhadrapara in July 2007 during the entire study period.

Keywords : Physico-chemical characteristics, ground water, Korba industrial area, pollution.


Determination of nickel from water samples

K.N. Singh, S.N. Singh and G.S. Ojha*

Department of Chemistry S.G.R.(P.G.) College, Dobhi, Jaunpur - 222149 (India) *Department of Chemistry R.S.K.D. (P.G.)

College, Jaunpur - 222 001 (India)


ABSTRACT

e paper deals with the effect of nickel (A toxic heavy metal) concentration, and its determination from water and waste water by “Dimethyl Glyoxime Method” Nickel reacts with dimethyl glyoxime in the presence of an alkaline oxidizing agent to form a characteristic red colour complex which is measured visually and photometrically.

Keywords : Chalcopyrite, Laterites, Nichrome, German silver, Stain Vless steel, Nickel – itch


Heavy and toxic metals analysis from effluent of paper mill, based on cotton comber and

cotton linter raw materials

Vibha Agrawal¹ and S.A. Iqbal²

¹Department of Chemistry, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Bhopal (India) ²Department of Chemistry,

Safia College of Science and Education, Bhopal - 462 001 (India)


ABSTRACT

The present study deals with effluent analysis of a paper mill using cotton comber and cotton linter as raw material for paper manufacturing process. The effluents generated at different stages were collected. The fibrous sludge samples recovered in different section of mill were also collected. The inorganic parameters i.e. alkalinity, hardness, sulphate, chloride, phosptahe, sodium, potassium, iron, copper, nickel, mercury etc., were estimated. The heavy metal content of the untreated and treated effluents and the sludge samples are determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The inorganic parameters as well as heavy metal analysis results were interpreted and compared with the permissible limits.

Keywords : Heavy metals, AOX, TOCl, effluents, waste water, black liqour.


Studies on the effluent generated during the

pulping process in paper industry

PREETI NANDKUMAR

M.P. Christian College of Engineering and Technology, Bhilai (India)


ABSTRACT

Environmental pollution has become a cause for great concern as it continues to increases rapidly day by day. One of the major toxic pollutants comes through paper industry. It directly or indirectly in one form or other pollutes the environment. Pulping additives such as quinone-based additives have been used in the experimental work for the alkaline pulping of. Ipomoea Carnea Jacq (Beshram ). In the present paper a thorough study has been done on the chemical analysis of the effluent from different storms, pollution load of the soda extraction stage effluent and pulp washer effluent was analyzed and studied. This pollution load affects the environment creating a wreak havoc on the surrounding eco system.

Keywords : Industrial effluent, Ipomea carnea, paper industry.


A study of ground water qualtiy with references to the human health of pichhore

town, Dabra, Gwalior M.P. (India)

NAVEEN KUMAR SINGH¹, D.S. KADAM² and K.P.S. CHAUHAN³

Chemical Research Lab. SMS Government Model Science College Gwalior (India) ²Government Chemical Laboratory

Division Ground Water Survey Unit-2 Gwalior(India) ³Dr. B.S. Government P.G. College Gwalior (India)


ABSTRACT

Groundwater is the most important source of water supply for irrigation, industries and for drinking purposes. The natural quality of groundwater tends to be degraded by human activities. The Physical and chemical quality of ground water is affected by industrial activities and human activities .06 water samples are collected from Pichhore, Dabra Gwalior (M.P.) for winter season (Jan 2008). The ionic concentration is Expressed in mg/L.

Keywords : Drinking Water, Chemical parameters and Pichhore town.


Monitoring of ground water quality in

Mandideep industrial area, Bhopal (India)

ananad sharma¹ and D.r. tiwari²

¹Department of Chemistry, ²Department of Geology, Government M.V.M. Bhopal (India)


ABSTRACT

Ground water quality monitoring was carried out during financial year 2007. Water sample were collected from a number of hand pumps and tube wells and analysed for all relevant parameters as per standard methods APHA 1995, Results were discussed with respect to possible impact on human health.

Keywords : Grand water pollution, Potable water, Physico chemical analysis.


Analysis of waste water from different waste

water systems

SHASHI YADAV*1, CHANDRAPRABHA1, A. K. JAITLY1, LAKSYAVEER SINGH2, M. BANSAL3 and SHIV K. GUPTA3

1Department of Plant Science, M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly - 243 005 (India). 2Department of Pharmacy, M. J. P.

Rohilkhand University, Bareilly - 243 005 (India). 3R.V. Northland Institute, 18 km on Gaziabad - Bulandshahar G. T.

Road, Dadri (Greater Noida Phase-II), G. B. Nagar (U.P.) – 203 207 (India)


ABSTRACT

The environment, in which organism exists, has a profound effect on the behavior of organism. Temperature and pH are the two major abiotic factors governing the growth and activity of microbes. Microbes secrete number of degrading enzymes to degrade waste products. The microbes also have the ability of sorption the pollutants like heavy metals. Present works shows the analysis of microbes present in different environment of waste water of many industries and ponds. The fungal flora present in this waste water was incubated and isolated. Industrial water samples showed the pH range of 9-9.6, whereas the pond water sample showed the pH range of 7.5-8.8. High percentage of the organic matter was obtained in pond water (0.134%) as compared to industries waste water (0.045%). Industrial waste water showed the high Ca+2 metal concentrations. The maximum number of fungal species (Aspergillius candidus, A. terres, A. fumigatus, Humicola species and Talaromyces emersonii) were isolated from pond water because of high organic matter (in %) and low pH as compared to industrial waste water.

Keywords : Industrial waste water, Pond water, Organic matter, BOD, Fungal flora, Water analysis.


The occurrence and description of male Daphnia similis Claus, 1876 (Cladocera,

Daphnidae)

Seema Langer and Yahya Bakhtiyar

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu - 180 006 (India)

Received on May 14, 2008 and accepted on June 28, 2008

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of male of Daphnia similis, a Cladoceran crustacean was recorded from the sub-tropical region of Jammu, India and described for the first time thus completing the description of the species.

Keywords : Daphinia similis, Cladoceran crustacean, Jammu.


Fluorides in some ground water samples of

Sailu Tehsil

D.U. THOMBAL, r.U. AMBHURE and S.R.MIRGANE*

P.G.Department of Chemistry,Jalna Education Society's, R.G.Bagdia Arts, S.B.Lakhotia Commerce and R.Bezonji Science

College, Jalna - 431 203 (India)


ABSTRACT

Determination of fluoride concentration of thirty ground water samples from diffrent sites in Sailu tehsil of Parbhani district was carried out using ion selective electrode. The out come of the results were discussed in the light of pollution status of the study area.

Keywords : Fluoride ion concentration, ground water samples Sailu Tehsil.


Assesment of physico-chemical analysis of

gayatri neelam shashtri, n.k. singh and c. das*

Department of Chemistry, Government Science P.G. College, Bilaspur, (India)


ABSTRACT

In present study the water quality of the Newara village pond was evaluated by analyzing physcio-chemical characteristics. The values obtained for various physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, Chloride, Total hardness, DO, BOD, COD were measured. The values of these parameters are summarized in table, which shows enormous growth of phytoplanktons throughout the year.

Keywords : Physcio-chemical analysis, Newara village pond.

cwe journal abstract volume 3, number 1

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