cven444_structuralsystems
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CVEN 444 Structural Concrete DesignCVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design
Structural System OverviewStructural System Overview
Dr. E. Sandt
Spring 2002 Semester
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Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
• Building system primary functions
• Types of load
• RC structural systems
• RC structural members
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1. Basic Building System Functions
Support gravity loads for strength and serviceability during:
1. Normal use (service) conditions
2. Maximum considered use conditions
3. Environmental loading of varying intensities
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Lateral deflection (sway)
Wind or earthquakes
Vertical deflection (sag)
Dead, Live, etc.
Performance-Based Design: Control displacements within acceptable limits during service loading, factored loaded, and varying intensities of environmental loading
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2. Types of Load
Gravity:
Dead
Live
Impact
Snow
Rain/floods
Lateral
Wind
Earthquake
Soil lateral pressure
Thermal
Centrifugal
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3. RC Structural Systems
A. Floor Systems
B. Lateral Load Systems
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A. Floor Systems
• Flat plate
• Flat slab (w/ drop panels and/or capitals)
• One-way joist system
• Two-way waffle system
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Flat Plate Floor System Slab-column frame system in two-way bending
Plan Elevation
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Flat Plate Floor System
Advantages:
• Simple construction
• Flat ceilings (reduced finishing costs)
• Low story heights due to shallow floors
Typical Applications:
• Short-to-medium spans with light loading
• For LL=50 psi, 15’ - 30’ spans
• For LL=100 psi, 15’ – 25’ spans
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Flat Plate w/Spandrel Beam System
Plan Elevation
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Flat Plate w/Spandrel Beam System
Advantages:
• Same as flat plate system, plus
– Increased gravity and lateral load resistance
– Increased torsional resistance
– Decreased slab edge displacements
Typical Applications:
• Same as flat plate systems
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Flat Plate w/Beams Floor System
Gravity and lateral load frames
Two-way bending
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Flat Plate w/Beams Floor System
Advantages:
• Increased gravity and lateral load resistance
• Simple construction
• Flat ceilings (reduced finishing costs)
Typical Applications:
• Medium spans with light loading
• For LL=50 psi, 25’ - 30’ spans
• For LL=100 psi, 20’ – 30’ spans
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Flat Slab Floor SystemFlat plate with drop panels,shear capitals, and/or column capitals
Plan Elevation
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Flat Slab Floor System
Advantages:• Reduced slab displacements• Increased slab shear resistance• Relatively flat ceilings (reduced finishing costs)• Low story heights due to shallow floors
Typical Applications:• Medium spans with moderate to heavy loading• For LL=50 psi, 30’ – 35’ spans• For LL=100 psi, 25’ – 35’ spans
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One-Way Joist Floor System
2D lateral frames
Floor joists, type
Rib (joist) slab : (One-way bending)
2D gravity or lateral frames
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One-Way Joist Floor System
Lateral space frame
Floor joists, type
Rib (joist) slab with beams: (One-way bending)
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One-Way Joist Floor System
• 2’ or 3’ cc. – Joists
• 4’ or 6’ cc. – Skip joists
• 5’ or 6’ cc – Wide-module joists
Top of Slab
1:12 Slope, type
8-24” for 30” Modules
16-24” for 53” Modules
14-24” for 66” Modules .Width varies
4”, 6” or larger
Typical Joist
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One-Way Joist Floor System
Advantages:• Longer spans with heavy loads• Reduced dead load due to voids• Electrical, mechanical etc. can be placed between voids• Good vibration resistance
Typical Applications:• Medium-to-long spans with heavy loading• For 30” modules, 35’ – 40’ spans• For 53” & 66” modules, 35’ – 50’ spans
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Two-Way Joist Floor System
2D lateral frames
Waffle pans, type
Waffle slab : (Two-way bending)
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Two-Way Joist Floor System
Advantages:• Longer spans with heavy loads• Reduced dead load due to voids• Electrical, mechanical etc. can be placed in voids• Good vibration resistance• Attractive Ceiling
Typical Applications:• Long spans with heavy loading• For 3’, 4’, and 5’ modules, 40’ – 50’ spans and beyond
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Floor System Effective Cost(PCA 2000)
Bay Spacing, ft
Liv
e L
oad,
psf 100
50
25 30 35 50
One-way joistFlat SlabFlat Plate
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B. Lateral Load Systems
• Frame Overview
• Flat plate (& slab)-column (w/ and w/o drop panels and/or capitals) frame systems
• Beam-column frame systems
• Shear wall systems (building frame and bearing wall)
• Dual systems (frames and shear walls)
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Frame: Coplanar system of beam (or slab) and column elements dominated by flexural deformation
Planar (2D) Space (3D)
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Basic Behavior
Gravity Load Lateral Loading
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2D vs. 3D Frames (Plan)
Planar SpaceFloor joists, type
2 or 4 frames , 2 frames 4 frames , 4 frames
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Frame Advantages
• Optimum use of floor space, ie. optimal for office buildings, retail, parking structures where open space is required.
• Relatively simple and experienced construction process
• Generally economical for low-to mid-rise construction (less than about 20 stories)
• In Houston, most frames are made of reinforced concrete.
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Frame Disadvantages
• Generally, frames are flexible structures and lateral deflections generally control the design process for buildings with greater than about 4 stories. Note that concrete frames are about 8 times stiffer than steel frames of the same strength.
• Span lengths are limited when using normal reinforced concrete (generally less than about 40 ft, but up to about 50 ft). Span lengths can be increased by using pre-stressed concrete.
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Frame Lateral Load SystemsFlat plate-column frame:
Plan Elevation
Effective slab width
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Frame Lateral Load SystemsBeam-column frame:
Elevation
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Frame Lateral Load SystemsDiaphragm (shear) element: Carries lateral loading to the lateral load resisting system
Lateral load frame, type.
Plate element
Deformed shape -Lateral load distributes to frames proportional to tributary area
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Frame Lateral Load SystemsFor relatively square plans, diaphragms are generally considered rigid
Space frame with square plan
Deformed shape has constant lateral displacement - No diaphragm flexibility, ie. lateral load distributes to frame proportional to frame stiffness
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Shear Wall Lateral Load SystemsShear wall
Elevation
Edge column
Interior gravity frames
Shear deformations generally govern
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Shear Wall Lateral Load Systems
Gravity frames
Shear walls
Coupling beams
Elevator shaft configuration
Hole
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Dual Lateral Load Systems
Lateral frames – 25% of lateral load, minimum
Shear walls
Wall-Frame Dual System:
Hole
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4. Structural Members
• Beams• Columns• Slabs/plates/shells/folded plates• Walls/diaphragms
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Beam Elements
Defn: Members subject to bending and shear
Elastic Properties:
kb = f ( EI/Ln) (bending) = My/I (normal stress)
ks = GA/L (shear) v = VQ/Ib (shear stress)
b = f (load, support conditions, L, E, I) (bending)
V
VL
E,I,AMM
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Column Elements
Defn: Members subject to bending, shear, and axial
Elastic Properties:
ka = EA/L (axial) a = F/A (normal stress)
kb = f ( EI/Ln) (bending) b = My/I (normal stress)
ks = GA/L (shear) v = VQ/Ib (shear stress)
b = f (load, support conditions, L, E, I, A) (normal)
V
VL
E,I,A MM
F F
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Slab/Plate Elements
Defn: Members subject to bi-directional bending & shear
x
yz
Mx, My, and Vz
x, y, and z
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Wall/Diaphragm Elements
Defn: Members subject to shear
x
y
Vx and Vx
x and y