curso de ingles tecnico para quimica
TRANSCRIPT
-
INGLS TCNICO
PARA QUIMICOS Curso de Ingls especfico para qumicos o profesionales (o estudiantes) en el campo de la qumica
Aprende a :
1. Comunicar utilizando trminos tcnicos especficos de la materia
2. Entender y redactar artculos cientficos
3. Aprende a escribir tu curriculum en ingls, expande tus horizontes
4. Descubre las otras ventajas
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
2
Presentacin
Este libro est dirigido en particular a estudiantes o profesionales del sector qumico en general.
El objetivo de este libro es promover el aprendizaje de modo activo, por lo que proponemos textos tcnicos
y cientficos para aprender de modo simple y eficaz.
Para un mejor provecho del contenido de este curso se recomienda poseer conocimientos bsicos de ingls
general antes de afrontar el ingls tcnico especifico.
Objetivos
El objetivo principal es que usted, al final de este curso logre:
1. Leer y comprender textos de carcter tcnico o cientfico que presenten trminos, expresiones o
estructuras sintcticas caractersticas de las ciencias qumicas y ciencias afines.
2. Mejorar la capacidad de produccin escrita y de comprensin de textos tcnicos de carcter
cientfico
3. El libro propone diferentes argumentos cientficos divididos por captulos y cuenta con ejercicios.
4. Ampliar el propio vocabulario relativo al mundo de la qumica en general
5. Escribir el propio currculo vitae en ingls
6. Dominar una valida herramienta para afrontar el mercado laboral cada vez ms competitivo.
Estructura del curso:
Introduccin: Survival english - Ingls general bsico
Laboratory equipment and lab work + Safety in the laboratory
Introducing chemistry: Matter, Branches of chemistry, The periodic table, Chemical reactions.
Chemical Compounds: Nomenclature
Environmental damage
Industrial Chemistry
How to write a resume that generates results
Improving your English
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
3
Index Remembering numbers Page 5
Definition of atom Page 6
Atomic number Page 7
Temperature Page 8
Chemistry of colours Page 9
The pH scale Page 10
Tips on studying a foreign language Page 11
What is chemistry? Page 12
Building blocks of matter Page 14
States of matter Page 15 16
Lewis structure Page 17
The Periodic Table Page 18 19
Chemical Phenomenon Page 20
Chemical Reactions Page 21
Laboratory equipment Page 23 28
Words relating to lab work Page 29
Lab Safety Rules Page 30
Laboratory Safety equipment Page 31
Hazard Diagrams Page 32
Chemical Labels Page 33
Lab work Page 35
Traditional naming of inorganic compounds Page 37 39
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic compounds Page 40 41
List of common ion names Page 42
IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds Page 43 45
Organic compounds list containing a few types of organic molecules P. 46
Pollution Page 49
The lexicon of environmental damage Page 50
Sewage treatment Page 51
Basics of piping & Instrumentation Diagrams Page 53
Symbols for process equipment Page 54
Units of measurement Page 55
Writing a resume Page 57
Vocabulary
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
4
Refreshing your English Unit 1
target: Refresh your english
1. Remembering Numbers - The atomic number, Temperature
2. Remembering colors, the pH scale
3. Tips on studying a foreign language
4. Steps to write a summary
Vocabulary:
Atom = Atomo
Structure = Estructura
Protons = Protones
Neutrons = Neutrones
Elements = Elementos
Nucleus = Nucleo
Scales = Escalas
Measurement = Medicion / to measure = medir
To absorb = absorber
Due to = debido a
Discoveries = descubrimientos
Theoretical = teorico
Chemical phenomena = Fenomeno Quimico
Matter = Materia
Shape = Forma
Bond = Enlace
Surrounded = Rodeado
Shape = Forma
Bond = Enlace
Surrounded = Rodeado
Takes place = Tener lugar (ocurrir)
To Combine = Combinar
Compound = Compuesto
Reactants = Reactivos
Products = Productos
Mean = Medio
Made of = Hecho/a de/por.
En esta primera unidad podrs encontrar algunas frases escritas en espaol.
A partir de la unidad 2 se usar principalmente el ingls para que te
familiarices con el idioma ms fcilmente.
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
5
Remembering Numbers
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight
9. Nine
10.Ten
11.Eleven
12.Twelve
13.Thirteen
14.Fourteen
15.Fifteen
16.Sixteen
17.Seventeen
18.Eighteen
19.Nineteen
20.Twenty
21.Twenty-one .etc
30. Thirty
40. Forty
50. Fifty
60. Sixty
70. Seventy
80. Eighty
90. Ninety
100. One hundred (a hundred)
101. One hundred and oneetc
200. Two hundredetc
1000. One thousand (a thousand)
2001. Two thousand and one
1.000.000 One million
Los nmeros que van desde 21 a 99 se escriben con un guion - entre la decena
y la unidad (example: 21 = twenty-one)
En british english (ingls britnico) para los nmeros mayores de 100 se usa and
entre las centenas y el resto del nmero (example: 210 = two hundred and ten ;
en ingls americano (American english) se dice two hundred ten (sin and)
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
6
Hundred, thousand, million se escriben sin la s del plural, excepto cuando son
usados como expresiones indefinidas. (example: hundreds of dollars = centenares
de dlares) los nmeros grandes se escriben con comas, no con puntos y los
nmeros con decimales se escriben con puntos no con comas. Los nmeros
decimales despus de la coma se leen singularmente (example: 86,512 eighty-six
point five one two) Notar que el point indica que los nmeros que expresar
despus son decimales.
Numeros ordinales
Numero Abreviacin En espaol
First 1st Primero
Second 2nd Segundo
Third 3rd Tercero
Fourth 4th Cuarto
Fifth 5th Quinto
Sixth 6th Sexto
Seventh 7th Sptimo
Eighth 8th Octavo
Nineth 9th Noveno
tenth 10th Dcimo
A todos los nmeros se les agrega la terminacin th, menos a los que terminan en 1,
2 o 3 (despus del 20), a los que se agrega, -st, -nd, -rd, respectivamente. Example:
Twenty-first (21st), twenty-second (22nd), twenty-third (23rd)
Definition of atom
Do you ever wonder whats an atom?
All objects surrounding1 us are made of2 matter3.
Air, water, a brick, even4 you are made of matter! Matter is anything that has mass. Matter is made
up5 of smaller pieces; atoms. An atom is the defining structure of an element,
which cannot be broken by any chemical means6. An atom consists of a nucleus of protons and
neutrons with electrons circling7 this nucleus. 1 Surrounding = que rodea/rodeando
2 Made of = hecho de/ compuesto por
3 Matter = materia
4 Even = hasta / incluso / aun
5 Made up = sinonimo de made of
6 Chemical means = medios quimicos/metodos quimicos
7 Circling = rodeando
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
7
Atomic Number
The atomic number is the number of protons in an element.
the number of protons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of
electrons.
Prueba tu: Intenta traducir los prrafos anteriores (definition of atom and Atomic
number) al espaol.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
8
Numbers and temperature
There are many scales1 of temperature: Celsius, Fahrenheit and
Kelvin. The most commonly2 used is Celsius. In U.S.A is mostly3 used
the Fahrenheit scale.
For practical purposes of scientific temperature measurement4, the
International System of Units (SI) defines a scale and unit for the
thermodynamic temperature: Kelvin, which the unit symbol is K.
Grados (Spanish) = Degrees (English)
Unit conversions
Fahrenheit = Celsius * 9 / 5 + 32
Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9
Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15
Exercise 1 - Try to complete the blanks with: 296,15 - 89,6 1.85 - 51,6
32 oC ________ F
125 F ________ oC
23 oC ________ K
275 K ________ oC
1 Scales = Escalas
2 Commonly = Comunmente
3 Mostly = Mayormente
4 Measurement = Medidas / Mediciones
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
9
Chemistry of colours
Every day materials we use presents many different colors. But why things have
color? Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation and delivers1 energy in little packets
called photons. All materials absorb photons of some energy, but only substances2
that absorb photons of visible radiations will have color. The color of a transparent
object is due to3 the colors of light that can pass through4 the material. The color of
any colored object comes from the light it doesnt absorb. The color absorbed
determines the color observed.
Color absorbed Color observed
Red Blue green
Orange Blue
Yellow green Violet
Blue violet Yellow
Remembering the colours
- Exercise 2 - match the color with the correct name
Green
Yellow
Blue
Brown
Red
Pink
Light blue
Violet
White
Black
Orange
Try to do this exercise without looking at the solutions at the end of the next page.
1 Deliver = Llevar
2 Substances = Sustancias
3 Due to = Debido a
4 Pass through = Atravesar
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
10
The pH scale
What is Acid? There are three common1 definitions for
acids: the Arrhenius definition, the Brnsted-Lowry definition,
and the Lewis definition. A Lewis acid is a species that
accepts a pair of electrons from another species; in other
words, it is an electron pair acceptor
What is base? A base is a chemical species that donates
electrons or hydroxide ions or that accepts protons.
The pH scale measures2 how acidic or basic a substance is.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH
less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.
An indicator is usually some weak3 organic acid or base dye4 that changes colors5 at
definite pH values.
One of the oldest and most commonly used forms of pH indicator is the litmus
paper. Litmus paper is paper that has been treated6 with a specific indicator - a
mixture of 10-15 natural dyes obtained from lichens that changes colors at definite pH
values.
Colors in a pH indicator
0 Red 1 Orange Red 2 Dark orange
3 Orange 4 Tan 5 Sun Yellow
6 Lemon Yellow 7 Yellow green 8 Olive drab
9 Asparagus 10 Dark sea green 11- Royal blue
12 Dark slate blue 13 Ultramarine 14 - Navy blue 1 Common = Comun / General
2 Measures = Mide
3 Weak = Dbil
4 Dye = Tinte / Tinta / Tintura
5 Color = In American (USA) English we write color, in british English colour but the meaning is the same.
6 Has been treated = Ha sido tratado
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
11
Important! : key for exercise 2 (Chemistry of colors): Page 9
Tips on studying a foreign Language
Study every day
Isolate new vocabulary and study it separately
Avoid word-by-word translation.
Read many times a new passage trying to guess the meaning of a new
word from context.
Check word endings
Memorize irregular verbs
Practice: read and listen, watch foreign TV, read news in English
Stay up-to-date, read, listen, speak, as frequently as possible.
Try to write a summary of what youve learned in this unit
Steps to write a summary
1. Read the passage twice
2. try to understand the passage
3. Find out exactly what you need to summarize
4. Identify the main idea.
5. Write your first draft. Then edit your first draft.
6. Make a list of the new words you've learned
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
12
Understanding Chemistry Unit 2
Target:
1. Introducing chemistry
2. States of Matter
3. Atoms and molecules
4. The periodic table
5. Chemical reactions
Vocabulary:
Atom = Atomo
Structure = Estructura
Protons = Protones
Neutrons = Neutrones
Elements = Elementos
Nucleus = Nucleo
Scales = Escalas
Measurement = Medicion / to measure = medir
To absorb = absorber
Due to = debido a
Discoveries = descubrimientos
Theoretical = teorico
Chemical phenomena = Fenomeno Quimico
Matter = Materia
Shape = Forma
Bond = Enlace
Surrounded = Rodeado
Shape = Forma
Bond = Enlace
Surrounded = Rodeado
Takes place = Tener lugar (ocurrir)
To Combine = Combinar
Compound = Compuesto
Reactants = Reactivos
Products = Productos:
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
13
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is an experimental science. Chemistry is evidence based. All chemical
statements1 are based on experiment. It shares2 the experimental method of all
sciences. It improves in time also using new discoveries3 and concepts from other
sciences.
In turn, it provides both theoretical and experimental tools to different sciences.
Biology, Geology cannot be studied without a thorough4 understanding of chemical
phenomena.
Chemistry is the study of matter and changes that take place with that matter.
Branches of Chemistry
Find the words that describes the branches of chemistry
I N O R G A N I C R T Q R Y
G A R R Y X C P H I S Y J L
F Y G W E R T Y E J K L O W
W X A P O Z L I M X R E N E
F I N D U S T R I A L X U Y
O R I T Y E W Q S E R T C H
L I C A N A L Y T I C A L H
X C F G G E N E R A L Y E V
N T Y U R F P H Y S I C A L
B I O C H E M I S T R Y R O
Inorganic organic industrial analytical general physical nuclear chemistry
- biochemistry
Exercise 3 - Fill in the blanks with the words youve found.
The branch of chemistry that studies compounds of carbon is
Application of chemistry to manufacturing processes:
The branch of chemistry that studies compounds excluding those of carbon is
.studies radioactivity, fission and fusion of nuclei
.studies molecules and their transformation
1 Statement = Declaracion / Afirmacion
2 Shares = Comparte
3 Discoveries = Descubrimientos
4 Thorough = Completo / Exhaustivo / Minucioso
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
14
Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies chemical processes in living
things
The determination of the composition of substances are studied in
..
Application of mathematics and physics to chemistry: Physical chemistry
The building blocks of matter
Picture 1
Matter is everything around us that we can touch, or see, or feel, or smell. Remember
the definition of matter.
Matter: is anything that takes up space or has a mass of any kind.
Exercise 4 - Look at picture 1 (in page 13) and complete the following
sentences.
Matter is composed of different kinds of structures. These
structures are made up of
A molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its
chemical composition and properties. A molecule consist of two or more ..
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
15
States of matter
There are three main1 states of matter: solid, liquid and gases. Each of these states is
also known as a phase. The main differences between these states are shape2 and
volume.
Exercise 5 - Read the definition and complete the blanks with the correct
word
_______: Is matter with a rigid shape and fixed volume
_______: Has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
_______: Has neither fixed volume nor shape. It expands to fill its container
completely.
Exercise 6: Look the next three images and give a title to each one.
Picture 2
Why do atoms bond together?
As we have seen in page 5, an atom consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons
with electrons circling this nucleus.
You can break down3 the shell4 and orbitals of an atom on several5 levels of detail.
There are the main shells of the atom, and these are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4..etc. Each
shell holds different sub-shells, which are themselves composed of atomic orbitals.
Whats an orbital?
Can we know with certainty both where an electron is and where it's going next?
According to The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, we can't. That makes it impossible
to plot an orbit for an electron around a nucleus.
However, there is a region of space where we can probably find an electron. Such a
region of space is called an orbital. You can think of an orbital as being the region of
space in which the electron lives.
Now we can try to answer the main question: why do atoms bond together?
1 Main = Principal
2 Shape = Forma
3 Break down = Romper / descomponer
4 Shell = Capa
5 Several = Varios
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
16
Atoms are at their most stable when they have no partially-filled electron shells.
If an atom has only a few electrons in a shell, it will tend to lose them to empty the
shell. (These elements are metals).
When an atom has a nearly full electron shell, it will try to find electrons from another
atom so that it can fill its outer shell. (These elements are nonmetals).
So, atoms bond1 together for a very simple reason: atoms like to have full valence
shells. Why? To get more stable, like noble gases.
Different kind of bond: Ionic bond and Covalent bond.
When metal atoms bond, a metallic bond occurs.
The bond between two nonmetal atoms is usually a covalent bond.
Where metal and nonmetal atom come together an ionic bond occurs.
Covalent bond
A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of
pairs of electrons between atoms
Ionic bond
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction
between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between a cation, which
is usually a metal, and an anion, which is usually a nonmetal.
Exercise 7: Answer these questions
Whats a noble gas?
__________________________________________________________________
Whats the main difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
__________________________________________________________________
How can an atom get more stable?
__________________________________________________________________
1 Bond = Enlace
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
17
Lewis Structure
Lewis structures are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule
and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
How does it work?
1. Just write the symbol of an element, for example oxygen
2. The chemical symbol for the atom is surrounded1 by a number of dots2
corresponding to the number of valence electrons.
Your turn: Exercise 8 Write the Lewis structure for the following elements:
C Carbon
Li Lithium
He Helium
F Fluorine
1 Surrounded = Rodeado
2 Dots = puntos
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
18
The Periodic Table
The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular display of the 118 known
chemical elements organized by selected properties of their atomic structures. The
elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act.
Exercise 9 Choose 3 different colors to identify metals, metalloids and non-
metals in the following periodic table.
The horizontal rows of the table are called periods. Vertical columns are called
groups.
Elements of the periodic table
H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium
K Potassium Rb Rubidium Cs Cesium
Fr Francium Be Beryllium Mg Magnesium
Ca Calcium Sr Strontium Ba Barium
Ra Radium Sc Scandium Y Yttrium
Lu Lutetium Ac Actinium Lr Lawrencium
Ti - Titanium Zr Zirconium Hf Hafnium
Rf Rutherfordium V Vanadium Ta Tantalum
Db Dubnium Cr Chromium Mo molybdenum
W Tungsten Sg Seaborgium Mn Manganese
Tc Technetium Re Rhenium Bh Bohrium
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
19
Fe Iron Ru Ruthenium Os Osmium
Hs Hassium Co Cobalt Rh Rhodium
Ir Iridium Mt Meitnerium Ni Nickel
Pd Palladium Pt Platinum Ds - Darmstadtium
Cu Copper Ag Silver Au Gold
Rg Roentgenium Zn Zinc Cd Cadmium
Hg Mercury Cn - Copernicium B Boron
Al Aluminum Ga Gallium In Indium
Tl Thallium C Carbon Si Silicon
Ge Germanium Sn Tin Pb Lead
N Nitrogen P Phosphorus As Arsenic
Sb Antimony Bi Bismuth O Oxygen
S Sulfur Se Selenium Te Tellurium
Po Polonium F Fluoride Cl Chlorine
Br Bromine I Iodine At Astatine
He Helium Ne Neon Ar Argon
Kr Krypton Xe Xenon Rn Radon
La Lanthanum Ce Cerium Th Thorium
Pr - Praseodymium Pa Protactinium Nd Neodymium
U Uranium Pm Promethium Np Neptunium
Sm Samarium Pu Plutonium Eu Europium
Am Americium Gd Gadolinium Cm Curium
Tb Terbium Bk Berkelium Dy Dysprosium
Cf Californium Ho Holmium Es Einstenium
Er Erbium Fm Fermium Tm Thulium
Md Mendelevium Yb Ytterbium No Nobelium
Nb Niobium Uut - Ununtrium Uuq - Ununquadium
Uup - Ununpentium Uuh - Ununhexium Uus Ununseptium Uuo - Ununoctium
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
20
Chemical phenomenon
A chemical phenomenon is any change in the structure of matter. It happens when a
compound is transformed into another with different properties.
Examples of chemical reactions in everyday life
1. Photosynthesis in plants
2. Digestion in our own bodies
3. Decay of any biological matter (from plants to dead animals).
4. Oxidation of various materials exposed to the atmosphere (For example: Iron
can rust.)
5. Combusting petrol in a car engine
6. Cooking, souring, fermenting or burning
Thus, it won't be wrong to say learning chemistry and chemical reactions start at
home.
Exercise 10 Write 10 examples of chemical reactions.
1.
2.
3. .
4. .
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. .
10..
This is an example of
chemical phenomenon
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
21
Chemical reactions
A chemical reaction takes place1 whenever elements combine to form a compound2.
So, a chemical reaction is a change in which reactants3 form new compounds called
products4.
Rate5 of reaction:
As you probably know, reactions happens at different speed. Some reactions occurs6
in less than a second while others takes years to happen. The rate of the reaction7
depends on the type of molecules which are combining.
Which things can affect the rate of the reaction?
1. Concentration : more concentration = higher chance that molecules will collide
= reaction is speeded up8
2. Temperature: higher temperature = molecules have more energy and bounce9
much more = more molecules will collide10 to combine = reaction is speeded up
3. Pressure: increasing11 pressure (especially in gases) = molecules concentrate
and collide with each other more often
1 Takes place = ocurre
2 Compound = Compuesto
3 Reactants = Reactivos
4 Products = Productos
5 Rate = Velocidad
6 Occurs = sinonimo de happens
7 Rate of the reaction = velocidad de reaccion
8 Speeded up = acelerada
9 Bounce = rebotar / brincar
10 Collide = chocar / encontrarse
11 Increasing = aumentando
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
22
In the lab Unit 3
target:
1. Laboratory equipment
2. Safety in the lab
3. Lab work
4. Words relating to lab work
Vocabulary:
Container = Contenedor/Recipiente
Heated = Calentado
Withdraw = Retirar
Grind = Moler
Hold = mantener/sostener/sujetar
Salt bridge = Puente salino
Concern = Referirse
Supplies = suministros
labels = etiquetas
hazard = Peligro/riesgo
Avoid = evitar
Fanning = abanicar/ventilar
spill = vertido/derrame
to rinse = enjuagar
Running water = agua corriente
Discarding = descartando
Dealing = tratar
deal with = tratar con
statements = declaraciones/afirmaciones
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
23
Laboratory equipment
Name: Beaker
Use: as container1. It can be heated2
Made of: glass
Name: Graduated Cylinder
Use: its very useful to measure volume.
Made of: glass
Name: Stirring Rod
Use: To stir combinations of materials
Made of: glass
Name: Buret
Use: To withdraw3 and measure volumes of solutions in titration4
Made of: glass
1 Container = contenedor / recipiente
2 Heated = Calentado
3 Withdraw = retirar
4 Titration = Titulacion
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
24
Name: Mortar and Pestle
Use: to grind1 chemicals to a powder
Made of: heavy porcelain
Name: Volumetric Flask
Use: Used in preparation of solution
Made of: glass
Name: Spatula
Use: ..
Made of: metal, plastic or porcelain
Name: Erlenmeyer flask / conical flask
Use:..
Made of: Glass
Name: Bchner flask, also known as a vacuum2 flask
Use:
Made of:
Name: Wash bottle
Use: to dispense distilled water
Made of: .
1 Grind = Moler / Pulverizar
2 Vaacum = Vacio
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
25
Name: Tongs
Use: To pick up and hold apparatus
Made of: Metal
Name: Double buret clamp (with two burets)
use: Hold burets when titrating
Made of: with flexible clips
Name: Balance
Use:
Name: Volumetric flask
Use: marked off to 500ml capacity
Made of: glass
Name: Florence flask
Use: can be heated
Made of: ..
Name: Bunsen burner
Use: heating device
Made of: metal
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
26
Name: Test tubes in rack
Use: Hold test tubes
Made of: Plastic or wood
Name: Bottle
Use: .
Made of: glass
Name: Funnel
Use: ........
Made of: glass
Name: Dropper pipet
Use: to transfer small amounts of liquids
Name: Volumetric Pipet
Use: .
Made of: glass
Name: Evaporating dish
Use: .
Made of: Porcelain
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
27
Name: U tube
Use: Useful as a "salt bridge" when making batteries
Made of: glass
Name: Watch glass
Use:
Made of: glass
Name: Condensers
Use: general purpose condenser that can be used for distillation and
extraction
Made of: glass
Name: Separatory Funnel
Use: to separate liquids with different density
Made of: glass
Name: Test tube
Use:.
Made of: .
Name: Desiccator or desiccant container
Use: is a chamber that removes water from chemicals or items
Name: Petri dish
Use: used to culture cells, which can be bacteria, animal, plant, or fungus
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
28
Name: Syringe
Name: Tripod
Use: hold flask to be heaten
Made of: metal
Name: Gloves
Use: Protect your hands
Name: Goggles
Use: to protect your eyes
All the laboratory equipment made of glass are also called laboratory glassware.
Exercise 11 Group these words under the correct heading
first-aid kit gloves - Volumetric pipet burette - safety shower - eye-wash - lab coat
goggles - Beaker
Safety Equipment Protective clothing
Glassware
Find the key at the end of the next page
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
29
Words relating to Lab work
Give the Spanish translation for the next words. These words may come in
handy when describing lab work.
Add = ..
Check = ..
Spread = ..
Splash = ..
Stir = ..
Mix = ..
Melt = ..
Dry = ..
Grow = ..
Titrate = ..
Swab = ..
Weight = ..
Remove = ..
Heat = ..
Sample = ..
Shake = ..
key for exercise 11:
Safety equipment: first-aid kit, safety shower, eye-wash Protective clothing: lab coat, gloves, goggles Glassware: beaker, burette, volumetric pipet
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
30
Lab Safety Rules
Safety must be the first concern1 of everyone working in a laboratory.
1. Know the location and use of all safety equipment in your laboratory. (read more at the next page)
2. Wear a laboratory coat or apron. 3. Wear gloves when dealing with chemicals.
4. Wear closed-toe and closed-heel shoes 5. Wear protective glasses or goggles for all laboratory work. (Wear glasses instead
of contacts if possible )
6. Tie back loose hair. 7. Keep your work area clean and organized, free from unnecessary supplies2 and
papers. 8. Check chemical 3labels twice to make sure you have the correct substance. Some
chemical formulas and names differ by only a letter or number.
9. Pay attention to the hazard4 classifications shown on the label. 10.You may be asked to transfer some laboratory chemicals from a common bottle or
jar to your own test tube or beaker. DO NOT return any excess material to its original container.
11.Never taste laboratory materials.
12.Handle equipment carefully and deliberately 13.When using equipment with electrical cords, place the cord out of the way
14.Avoid5 using chipped6 or broken glassware 15.If you are instructed to smell something, do so by fanning7 some of the vapor
toward your nose. Do not place your nose near the opening of the container.
16.Never look directly down into a test tube; view the contents from the side. 17.In case of a chemical spill8 on your skin or clothing rinse9 the affected area with
plenty of water. If the eyes are affected water-washing must begin immediately and continue for 10 to 15 minutes or until professional assistance is obtained.
1 Concern = Preocupacion
2 Supplies = Suministros
3 Label = Etiqueta
4 Hazard = Peligro / Riesgo
5 Avoid = Evitar
6 Chipped = Astillado
7 Fanning = Abanicandose
8 Spill = Derrame
9 Rinse = Enjuagar
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
31
18.Minor skin burns should be placed under cold, running water1.
19.When discarding2 used chemicals, carefully follow the instructions provided. 20.Wash hands after dealing3 chemicals.
21.Do NOT put lab supplies in your mouth. 22.Before leaving the laboratory, ensure that gas lines and water faucets are shut off.
Laboratory Safety Equipment (including the safety shower, eye wash, first-aid kit, fire extinguisher, and blanket)
Safety Shower
Use a safety shower in the event of a chemical spill.
How to use:
1. Pull the overhead handle 2. remove clothing that may be contaminated with chemicals
3. Rinse the skin
Fire Blanket
A fire blanket can be used to smother a fire. How to use:
1. Place the blanket on top, or surrounding a burning object, the job of the
blanket is to cut off the oxygen supply to the fire, thereby putting it out
Eye wash fountain
In the event of an eye injury4 or chemical splash, use the eyewash immediately. How to use:
1. Run some water through the eyewash fountain before you use it.
2. Retract your eyelid (hold it open); 3. Run fresh water over your eye for several minutes (from 10 to 15 minutes)
Fire extinguisher
There are two main types of fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide or dry chemical
(powder). How to use:
1. Read the tag to know which you will use. The tag also should show the date the extinguisher was last serviced
2. Carbon dioxide extinguishers are good, general purpose extinguishers. 3. Dry-chemical (powder) are used for difficult cases, say certain types of
electrical fires. 4. avoid using a dry-chemical extinguisher on a fellow human being.
1 Running water = Agua corriente
2 Discarding = Descartar / desechar
3 Dealing = Tratar
4 Injury = lesion / dao / herida
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
32
First aid kit: First Aid1 kits are available in the lab for minor injuries like cuts or
scrapes. Exits from the lab: Make sure that you know how to exit the lab quickly, in the
event of an emergency. You should know two ways to get out.
Hazard diagrams
hazard diagram is widely used to indicate the health, fire,
and reactivity of chemicals. It is important to be familiar with this diagram and what the number in each section
indicates in regards to the hazard presented by the chemical to which it is referring
Red is FIRE danger: rated on a 0-4 basis.
0 = will not burn
1 = must be preheated to burn
2 = Ignites when moderately heated
3 = Ignites at normal temperatures
4 = Extremely flamable
Yellow indicates REACTIVITY danger: rated on a 0-4 basis
0 = Normally stable
1 = Unstable if heated: use normal precautions
2 = Violent chemical change possible: use hose streams from distance
3 = Strong shock or heat may detonate: use monitors from behind explosive
resistant barriers
4 = May detonate: vacate area if materials are exposed to fire
Blue represents HEALTH HAZARDS: rated on a 0-4 basis
0 = Like ordinary material
1 = Slightly hazardous
2 = hazardous: use breathing apparatus
3= Extremely dangerous: use full protecting clothing
4 = Too dangerous to enter vapor or liquid
WHITE signifies specific hazards, e.g. oxidizers, acids, bases, or corrosive materials.
1 First Aid = Primeros Auxilios
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
33
Chemical labels
Chemical manufacturers are required to perform an assessment of the physical and
health hazards of the chemicals they produce. This information must be made
available in two places: the chemical label and the material safety data sheet (MSDS).
Thus, the information found on the original container label and the MSDS may provide
a great deal of information about the identity of the chemical constituents and their
health and physical hazards
Flammable
Explosive
Corrosive
Poison
Environmental hazard
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
When a chemical is purchased, the supplier will send a MSDS sheet.
The MSDS sheet lists the known dangers of the chemical in question.
Make sure you use the right MSDS sheet for the right chemical, as many chemical
names sound similar.
You can find more info on:
http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/MSDS/msds_explanation.htm
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
34
Exercise 12: Decide whether these statements are true or false
When in the laboratory you should wear sandals
When in the laboratory you should wear closed-toed shoes
If acid gets on your skin or clothes, wash at once with water
You must wear your goggles in the laboratory to improve your vision
Never heat a test tube that is closed
The most important thing in laboratory experiments is safety
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
35
Lab work
Methods of separating mixtures and purifying substances
Filtration
is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of
solids from fluids
Distillation
Distillation is used to separate two liquids that are miscible (miscible: liquids that
completely mix and dont form two layers1)
Decantation
Is the way of separating a liquid from an insoluble solid which has a density greater
than water. The mixture is allowed to stand e.g. in a beaker, until all the solid settles
out to the bottom of the container. Then the liquid is carefully poured off2 to leave the
insoluble solid behind.
Chromatography
is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures.
The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the "mobile phase", which carries3 it through
a structure holding another material called the "stationary phase". The various
constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate. The
separation is based on differential partitioning4 between the mobile and stationary
phases. Subtle5 differences in a compound's partition coefficient result in differential
retention on the stationary phase and thus changing the separation.
Exercise 13 Try to describe others Methods of separating mixtures and
purifying substances
TLC Thin Layer Chromatography :
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
How can we separate two liquids that do not mix?
1 Layers = Capas
2 Poured off = Vertir Fuera
3 Carries = Lleva
4 Partitioning = Particionamiento
5 Subtle = Sutil
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
36
Chemical Compounds
Unit 5
target:
1. Nomenclature: - traditional naming of inorganic compounds
- IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic compounds
- IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds
2. List of common ions names
3. Organic compounds list containing a few types of organic molecules
Vocabulary:
Write below your own vocabulary list.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
37
Traditional naming of inorganic compounds
Compuestos binarios
La primera palabra seala alguna caracterstica general a un grupo grande de
sustancias, por ejemplo: acido, hidrxido, etc. La segunda palabra seala la
caracterstica especial que permite distinguir la especie qumica:
Metal oxides
1. Oxido de + nombre del metal
2. Oxido metal+ico
In english
To name oxides according to the traditional nomenclature1 you need to learn a little
system of prefixes and suffixes for the oxidation numbers.
If the metal has one oxidation number there isnt a suffix to use. (some people use ic
suffix)
If it has two oxidation numbers you have to choose a suffix according the oxidation
number.
With the smaller number you should use ous, and ic with the bigger number.
-ous -ic
+2 +3
+1 +2
Be careful: Suffix2 does not depend on the number, but on how many valences3 the
element has.
Writing structure of traditional nomenclature:
ElementName+Suffix Oxide
Manganic Oxide Ferric Oxide
1 Nomenclature = Nomenclatura
2 Suffix = Sufijo
3 Valences = Valencias
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
38
Hydroxides
Hydroxides1 has this writing structure:
Metal+OH
You need to use a suffix like in oxide nomenclature (-ic or - -ous)
Writing structure of traditional nomenclature:
ElementName+Suffix Hydroxide
Example: Ferric Hydroxide
Acids
Acids are formed when Non-Metal Oxides (also known as anhydrides) react2 with water
You need to learn a little system of prefixes3 and suffixes (for the oxidation numbers)
Hyp..ous -ous -ic Per..ic +2 +4 +6
+1 +3 +5 +7
the suffix does not depend on the number but on how many valences the element has
Writing structure of traditional nomenclature:
ElementName + Suffix Acid
Or, when needed:
Prefix + ElementName + Suffix Acid
Examples:
Hypochlorous acid
Chlorous acid
Chloric Acid
Perchloric acid
1 Hydroxides = Hidroxidos
2 React = Reaccionar
3 Prefixes = Prefijos
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
39
IUPAC and STOCK nomenclature in acids is not used frequently, as it is a bit difficult
and general chemical compound markets in the most part use only the TRADITIONAL nomenclature.
Salt nomenclature
The name of a salt starts with the name of the cation (e.g. sodium or ammonium)
followed by the name of the anion (e.g. chloride or acetate). Salts are often referred to only by the name of the cation (e.g. sodium salt or ammonium salt) or by the name
of the anion (e.g. chloride or acetate).
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
40
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic compounds
You need to learn the following prefixes:
Number Prefixes
1 -mono
2 -di
3 -tri
4 -tetra
5 -penta
6 -hexa
7 -hepta
8 -octa
9 -nona
10 -deca
the writing structure of IUPAC nomenclature is:
Prefix ElementName + Prefix + Hydroxide/oxyde
if the metal has a subscript1 of one, we dont use MONO, we only use MONO if the radical OH has 1 as subscript
The name of the electronegative constituent is constructed by modifying the element name with the ending
ide
Examples:
1. HCl hydrogen chloride
2. NO nitrogen oxide, or nitrogen monooxide, or nitrogen monoxide
3. NO2 nitrogen dioxide
4. N2O4 dinitrogen tetraoxide
5. OCl2 oxygen dichloride
6. O2Cl dioxygen chloride
7. Fe3O4 triiron tetraoxide
8. SiC silicon carbide
1 Subscript = Subindice
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
41
Naming cations
The name of a monoatomic cation is that of the element with an appropriate charge number appended1 in parentheses.
Naming anions
The name of a monoatomic anion is the element name (Table I) modified so as to
carry the anion designator ide, either formed by replacing the ending of the element name (en,ese, ic, ine, ium, ogen, on, orus, um, ur, y or ygen) by ide or by directly adding ide as an ending to the element name. El nombre de un anion monoatomico es el nombre del elemento (ver table 1) modificado en
modo que pueda llevar el sufijo ide relativo al anion. Se forma remplazando el final del nombre del elemento (en,ese, ic, ine, ium, ogen, on, orus, um, ur, y or ygen) con ide o directamente agregando ide al final del nombre del elemento.
Examples:
1. chlorine, chloride 2. carbon, carbide
3. xenon, xenonide 4. tungsten, tungstide
5. bismuth, bismuthide The endings in anion names are ide (monoatomic or homopolyatomic species, heteropolyatomic species named from a parent hydride), ate (heteropolyatomic species named additively2), and ite (used in a few names which are still acceptable but do not derive from current systematic nomenclature)
Some names of monoatomic anions are based on the root of the Latin element names. In these the ending um or ium is replaced by ide. Examples:
1. silver, argentum, argentide 2. gold, aurum, auride
3. copper, cuprum, cupride 4. iron, ferrum, ferride
5. lead, plumbum, plumbide 6. tin, stannum, stannide
1 Appended = Adjunto / Aadido
2 Additively = Aditivamente
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
42
List of common ion names
Monatomic anions:
Cl chloride
S2 sulfide
P3 phosphide
Polyatomic ions:
NH4+ ammonium
H3O+ hydronium
NO3 nitrate
NO2 nitrite
ClO hypochlorite
ClO2 chlorite
ClO3 chlorate
ClO4 perchlorate
SO32 sulfite
SO42 sulfate
HSO3 hydrogen sulfite (or bisulfite)
HCO3 hydrogen carbonate (or bicarbonate)
CO32 carbonate
PO43 phosphate
HPO42 hydrogen phosphate
CrO42 chromate
BO33 borate
C2O42 oxalate
CN cyanide
SCN thiocyanate
MnO4 permanganate
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
43
IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds
In order to name organic compounds you must first memorize a few basic names. These names are listed within the discussion of naming alkanes1. In general, the base
part of the name reflects the number of carbons in what you have assigned to be the parent chain. The suffix of the name reflects the type(s) of functional group(s)
present on (or within) the parent chain. Other groups which are attached to the parent chain are called substituents.
Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)
names of the straight chain saturated hydrocarbons for up to a 12 carbon chain
El sufijo ano utilizado para los alcanos en espaol corresponde al ane en ingls.
Name Number of carbons
Methane 1
Ethane 2
Propane 3
Butane 4
Pentane 5
Hexane 6
Heptane 7
Octane 8
Nonane 9
Decane 10
Undecane 11
Dodecane 12
The names of the substituents formed by the removal of one hydrogen from the end of the chain is obtained by changing the suffix -ane to -yl.
Examples:
Isobutyl
Tert-butyl
Sec-butyl
Isopropyl
A cyclic (ring) hydrocarbon is designated by the prefix cyclo- which appears directly
in front of the base name
Commas are used between numbers and dashes2 are used between letters and numbers
1 Alkanes = Alcanos
2 Dashes = Guiones (-)
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
44
Example:
4-ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptane
Alkyl halides
You need to use the prefix
Fluoro-
Chloro-
Bromo-
Iodo-
Example:
2-bromo-3-methylbutane
Alkenes and Alkynes - unsaturated hydrocarbons
Double bonds1 in hydrocarbons are indicated by replacing the suffix -ane with -ene. If there is more than one double bond, the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that indicates the number of double bonds present (-adiene, -atriene, etc)
Triple bonds are named in a similar way using the suffix -yne.
Alcohols
Alcohols are named by replacing the suffix -ane with -anol. If there is more than one hydroxyl group2 (-OH), the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that indicates the number of hydroxyl groups present (-anediol, -anetriol, etc.).
Ethers
The two alkyl groups3 attached to the oxygen are put in alphabetical order with spaces between the names and they are followed by the word ether. The prefix di- is used if both alkyl groups are the same.
Example:
Diethylether
1 Double Bond = Enlace Doble
2 Hydroxyl group = Grupo Hidroxilo
3 Alkyl groups = Grupo alquilo
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
45
Aldehydes
Aldehydes are named by replacing the suffix -ane with anal
Ketones
Ketones are named by replacing the suffix -ane with -anone. If there is more than one carbonyl group (C=O), the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that indicates the number of carbonyl groups present (-anedione, -anetrione, etc.).
Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids are named by counting the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain including the carboxyl group and by replacing the suffix -ane of the corresponding alkane with -anoic acid
Esters
The alkyl group is named like a substituent using the -yl ending. This is followed by a space. The acyl portion of the name (what is left over) is named by replacing the -ic acid suffix of the corresponding carboxylic acid with -ate.
Example:
Methylpropanoate
Amines
They are named like ethers, the alkyl (R) groups attached to the nitrogen are put in alphabetical order with no spaces between the names and these are followed by the word amine
Example:
ethylmetylamine
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
46
Organic compounds list containing a few types of organic
molecules
Alkanes Alkenes
Alkynes Alcohols
Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic acids
Amines Amides
Nitrites Nitrates Amino acids
Haloalkanes Acyl/acid chlorides
Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes Annulenes
Sulfides Sulfates
Hydrochlorides Esters
Ethers Sugars Cyanates
Isocyanates Cyanides
Cyanohydrins Fullerenes Phenols
Phenyls and benzyls
Exercise: Name these compounds
K2O
Fe2O3
Na2O
NaOH
Al(OH)3
CuOH
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
47
The Environment
Unit 6
target:
1. Environmental damage
2. Sewage treatment
Vocabulary:
Harm = Dao
Adverse effect = Efecto negativo
Fossil Fuels = combustibles fosiles
Sewage = Aguas Residuales
Household sewage = Aguas residuals del hogar
Sludge = lodo/sediment fangoso
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
48
Pollution
Is the introduction of pollutants1 (contaminants) into a natural environment2 that causes instability, disorder, harm3 or discomfort4 to the ecosystem5. Pollution6 can
take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise7, heat8 or light.
What is acid rain?
Acid rain9 is a precipitation10 having an acid pH value which has an adverse effect11 on animals and plants on which it falls. Acid rains results from the emission into the
atmosphere of various pollutant gases which originate from the burning of fossil fuels and from car exhaust fumes.
Exercise: Try to describe what is air pollution and what is the ozone layer.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
1 Pollutants = Contaminantes
2 Environment = Ambiente
3 Harm = Dao
4 Discomfort = Malestar
5 Ecosystem = Ecosistema
6 Pollution = contaminacion
7 Noise = Ruido
8 Heat = Calor
9 Acid Rain = Lluvia Acida
10 Precipitation = Precipitacion
11 Adverse effect = Efecto adverso / Efecto negativo
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
49
The lexicon of environmental damage
Acid rain lluvia acida
Climate change cambio climatico
Deforestation - deforestacion
Ground pollution contaminacion del suelo
Ozone depletion Reduccion de la capa de ozono
Waste of resources derroche/despilfarro de recursos naturales.
Greenhouse efecto Efecto invernadero
Ozone layer Capa de ozono
Adverse Daino
Harmful Nocivo/Perjudicial
Harmless Inofensivo/inocuo
Warming calentamiento
Noxious Harmful/toxic
Hazard Risk
Rise increment
Endanger poner en peligro
Amount cantidad
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
50
Sewage treatment
Sewage1 treatment, or domestic wastewater2 treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage3, both runoff (effluents) and
domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally-
safe4 fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge5) suitable6 for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer).
A typical sewage treatment process:
1. Separate and dispose of grosser debris7 (large solids, rags, plastics) 2. Grit removal (grit, stones, sand) 3. Primary sedimentation (in which primary sludge is obtained) 4. Biological treatment (in which secondary biological- sludge is
obtained)
5. Tertiary treatment (tertiary sludge is obtained)
Exercise: Which are the main advantages obtained by treating wastewater?
For example: Quality improvement of streams.
1 Sewage = Aguas residuales / Aguas servidas
2 Wastewater = Aguas residuales
3 Household sewage = Aguas residuales de los hogares
4 Environmentally-safe = Ambientalmente seguro/a
5 Sludge = Lodo / Fango
6 Suitable = Adecuado / apto / idoneo
7 Debris = desechos solidos / escombros
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
51
Industrial Chemistry Unit 7
target:
1. Basics of P&ID
2. Common P&ID symbols used in developing Instrumentation Diagrams
3. Symbols for process equipment
4. Unit of measurement
Vocabulary:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
52
Basics of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
P&ID stands for Piping1 and Instrumentation Diagram or Drawing. Alternatively, it
could also be called Process and Instrumentation Diagram or simply P&I diagram or
drawing. P&IDs are also known as Engineering Flow Diagrams or Mechanical Flow
Diagrams .P&IDs are often used in the process industry to show the process flow and
other installed equipment and instruments. They show the interconnection of process
equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process.
Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams play a crucial role in the design and engineering
of process plants and piping systems. P&IDs are schematic diagrams that contain
engineering and design details of the process plants.
A P&ID is a working document that is used by every discipline involved in the design,
engineering and construction of process plants. It is used as a Process Plant Layout
and Piping Design reference for checking engineering and design documents and
drawings associated with a project.
Common P&ID symbols used in Developing Instrumentation
Diagrams - Instrument Indentifiers PC = Pressure2 controller
PI =Pressure Indicator
PR = Pressure recorder
PIC = Pressure indicating controller
PRC = Pressure recording controller
PSV = Pressure safety valve
RV = Relief valve3
LA = Level alarm
LAH = Level alarm high
LAL = Level alarm low
LI = Level indicator
LRC = Level recording cotroller
FA = Flow4 alarm
FE = Flow element
FI = Flow indicator
FR = Flow recorder
FRC = Flow recording controller
TA = Temperature alarm
TI = Temperature Indicator
TR = Temperature recorder
TRC = Temperature recorder controller
TW = temperature well
1 Piping = Tuberias
2 Pressure = Presion
3 Relieve valve = Valvula de alivio / seguridad
4 Flow = Flujo
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
53
Symbols for Process Equipment
Pressure vessels1
Centrifugal pump2
Conveyor belt3
Shell-and-tube heat exchanger
Jacketed vessel
Generic Valve
Glove valve
Butterfly valve
Ball valve
Gate valve
Angle valve
Three way valve
1 Vessel = Contenedor / tanque / recipiente
2 Pump = bomba
3 Conveyor belt = Cinta transportadora
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
54
Units of measurement
Exercise: Using a dictionary try to translate these unit of measurement
Millimeter
Centimeter
Decimeter
Meter
Kilometer
Miles
Foot
yard
inch
cubit
parsecs
light years
square meter
hectare
Degrees of Celsius
Kelvin
Fahrenheit
kilogram
metric ton
cubic meter
hectoliter
imperial gallon liquid
US gallon liquid
US gallon dry
barrel
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
55
How to write a resume?
Unit 8
Target:
1. Learn to write a resume.
Vocabulary:
Advertisement = Anuncio/Publicidad
Highlight = Destacar
Achievements = Logros
Skills = Habilidades
Duties = Funciones/deberes
Accomplishments = Logros/realizaciones
Honed = Perfeccionado
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
56
Writing a resume
A resume is an advertisement about you. It should highlight how your skills,
experience, and achievements match to the requirements of the job you want to get.
What you include on your resume and how you organize your information will be
different for each job.
1. Write your personal information: name, surname, phone number, email, address, etc.
2. Decide in what combination you will list your education, work history, and other achievements. Your best qualities should be listed first
3. List your employment history. This can be done in one of two ways:
a. If your work history includes positions in more than one field, you should
list your jobs under functional sub-headings, which categorize the skills
you used at each particular one. When listing your employment history in
this manner, each sub-heading should contain a listing of the positions
youve held that relate to those functional areas. The listing should
include the name and location of the employer, a description of your
duties and responsibilities, the dates you were employed, and any
accomplishments or achievements at that particular job.
b. If you can demonstrate that your evolving work history highlights the key
skills you want to promote, you may want to list your work history in
reverse chronological order, without including any sub-headings. Instead
of the subheadings, you could strategically select the way you word your
descriptions of your roles and responsibilities to highlight how you honed
those skills.
4. Provide information about your education. The details you include about your education will be the same as the details youd include in other resume
styles; the difference is in where you present the information on the resume.
5. Provide information on your skills, awards, and achievements. This can be blocked into one section, or they can be distributed within the sub-headings
of your resume that highlight specific skills.
6. Format your resume. Some guidelines to follow when formatting your resume:
a. Set your margins to 1 all the way around.
b. Use a standard font such as Arial or Times New Roman.
c. Use font size 16 for your name, 14 for section headings, and 12 for all
other text.
d. Use bold font for your name and section headings.
e. Use plenty of white space (blank lines). The proper use of white space
will make your resume easy to scan quickly and much easier to read.
f. Always use white paper and black font.
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
57
Vocabulary
Unit 8
Target:
- Improve your english
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
58
A Ablation = Ablacin
Absolute error = Error absoluto
Absolute zero = Cero absoluto
Absorption spectrum = Espectro de absorcin
Accuracy = Precisin
Acid = Acido
Acid rain = Lluvia acida
Activation energy = energa de activacin
Active transport = Transporte activo
Addition reaction = reaccin de adiccin
Adhesive forces = fuerzas de adhesin
Aerobic = aerbico
Aerobic respiration = respiracin aerbica
Affinity = Afinidad
Air pollution = Contaminacin del aire
Air quality assessment = Evaluacin de la calidad del aire
Alchemy = Alquimia
Amorphus solid = Solido amorfo
Angular momentum quantum number = Numero cuntico del momento angular
Antimatter = Antimateria
Archimedes Principle = Principio de Arqumedes
Atmosphere = Atmosfera
Avogadros Law = Ley de Avogadro
Avogadros Number = Numero de Avogadro
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
59
B Backscattering = Retro dispersin
Binary Acid = Acido binario
Binary Compound = Compuesto binario
Biodegradability = Biodegradabilidad
Boiling Point = Punto de ebullicin
Bond Energy = Energa de enlace
C Calorie = Caloras
Calorimeter = calormetro
Capillary = Capilar
Carcinogen = carcingeno / cancergeno
Carrier gas = Gas de transporte
Catode ray tube = Tubo de rayos catdicos
Centripetal force = fuerza centrpeta
Chain reaction = Reaccin en cadena
Chemical bonds = Enlaces qumicos
Chemical change = transformacin qumica
Chemical equation = Ecuacin qumica
Chemical equilibrium = Equilibrio qumico
Chemical kinetics = cintica qumica
Chemistry = Qumica
Climate = Clima
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
60
Coenzyme = Coenzima
Cohesive forces = Fuerzas de cohesin
Coke = Coque
Colligative Propierties = Propiedades coligativas
Collision theory = Teora de las colisiones
Colloid = Coloide
Complex ions = Iones complejos
Compound = Compuesto
Compressed gas = Gas comprimido
Compression factor = Factor de compresin
Concentration = Concentracin
Condensation = Condensacin
Condensed Phases = Fases condensadas
Conjugate acid-base pair = par conjugado cido base
Coordination = Coordinacin
Covalent bond = enlace covalente
Covalent compounds = Compuestos covalentes
Critical point = Punto critico
Cryoscopy constant = Constante crioscopica
Crystallization = Cristalizacin
D Deflagration = Deflagracin
Degeneracy = Degeneracin
Delocalization = Deslocalizacin
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
61
Denaturation = Desnaturalizacin
Density = Densidad
Depolarization Factor = Factor de despolarizacin
Diamagnetic = Diamagntico
Diamond = Diamante
Diastereotopic = diastereotpicos
Diathermic = Diatrmico
Dilution = Disolucin
Dipole dipole interactions = Interacciones dipolo-dipolo
Dipole moment = Momento dipolar
Dissociation = Disociacin
Distillation = Destilacin
Distortion = Distorsin
Double bond = Enlace doble
Drug = Droga/frmaco
Ductility = Ductilidad
Dynamic Equilibrium = Equilibrio dinmico
E Ebullioscopic constant = Constante ebulloscpica
Efficacy = Eficacia
Elastic Deformation = Deformacin elstica
Electrical conductivity = Conductibilidad elctrica
Electrolysis = Electrolisis
Electromagnetic Radiation = Radiacin electromagntica
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
62
Electron affinity = Afinidad electrnica
Electronegativity = Electronegatividad
Electronic Transition = Transicin electrnica
Electrophile = Electrfilo
Electrophoresis = Electroforesis
Electrostatics = Electroesttica
Element = Elemento
Eluant (or eluent) = eluyente
Emission spectrum = Espectro de emisin
Emulsifying agent = Agente emulsionante
Enantiomer = Enantiomero
Endothermic = Endotrmico
Energy = Energa
Enthalpy = Entalpia
Entropy = Entropa
Enzyme = Enzima
Equilibrium (or chemical equilibrium) = Equilibrio (o equilibrio qumico)
Essential oil = Aceite esencial
Eutectic temperatura = temperatura eutctica
Evaporation = Evaporacin
Excited state = Estado Excitado
Exothermic = Exotrmico
Extensive property = Propiedad extensiva
Extrapolate = Extrapolar
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
63
F Fatty acid = cido graso
Fermentation = Fermentacin
Filtration = Filtracin
Fire = Fuego
Flame test = ensayo de la llama
Flammable = Inflamable
Fractional distillation = Destilacin fraccionada
Free radical = Radicales libres
Freezing point = punto de congelacin
G Galvanic cell = Celda galvnica
Gamma Radiation = Radiacin gamma
Glass = vidrio
Greenhouse gas = Gas de invernadero
Greenhouse effect = Efecto invernadero
H Heat = calentar
Heat capacity = Capacidad calorfica
Heavy metal = metal pesado
Heinsenberg uncertainty principle = Principio de indeterminacin de Heinsenberg
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
64
Heterogeneous = heterogneo
Homogeneous = Homogneo
Hybrid = Hibrido
Hydrophobic = hidrfobo
Hygroscopic = Higroscpico
Hypothesis = hiptesis
I Ideal gas = gas ideal
Immiscible = inmiscible
Indicator = Indicador
Infrared = infrarrojo
Inhibitor = inhibidor
Inorganic chemistry = qumica inorgnica
Insecticide = Insecticida
Insoluble = insoluble
Intensive property = Propiedad intensiva
Intrinsic property = propiedad intrnseca
Isotopes = isotopos
K Kinetic = cintica
Kinetic energy = energa cintica
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
65
L Light = luz
limiting reactant = Reactivo limitante
Lipid = lpidos
Litmus paper = Papel de tornasol
M Malleable = maleable
Mass = masa
Mass spectrometer = espectrmetro de masa
Matter = materia
Measurement = medida
Melting point = Punto de fusin
Metal complex = complejo metlico
Molarity = molaridad
Molecular geometry = geometra molecular
N Nitrate = nitrato
Noble gas = Gas noble
O Octet rule = Regla del octeto
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
66
Oligosaccharide = oligosacrido
P Peptide bond = Enlace peptdico
Petrochemistry = Petroqumica
Physics = Fsica
Polymer = Polmero
Polyprotic acid = Acido polptico
Power = Poder/fuerza
Proof = Prueba
R Radiant energy = Energa radiante
Radiation = Radiacin
Radioactivity = Radioactividad
Reactant = Reactivo
Reductant = Reductor
Resonance = Resonancia
S Salt bridge = Puente salino
Saturated solution = Solucin saturada
Science = Ciencia
Scientific Method = Mtodo cientfico
Solubility = Solubilidad
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
67
Specific heat = Calor especifico
Spontaneous process = Proceso espontaneo
Stoichiometry = Estequiometria
Strong acid = Acido fuerte
T Temperature = Temperatura
Theory = Teora
Thermochemistry = Termoqumica
Thermodynamic equilibrium = Equilibrio termodinmico
Thermoplastic = Termoplsticos
Transition metal = metal de transicin
V Vacuum = Vaco
Valence = Valencia
Valence electron = Electron de valencia
Viscosity = Viscosidad
W Wavelength = Longitud de onda
Weak = dbil
-
INGLS TCNICO English for chemistry El curso de ingls tcnico de iquimicas.com
68
Bibliography
www.iquimicas.com
chemguide.co.uk
http://wiki.answers.com
http://www.files.chem.vt.edu
http://www.chemistry-dictionary.com/
http://www.chem.unl.edu/safety/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry
http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Drawing/Flow_sheets.html
http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/glossaryz.htm