current status of solid waste management in mongolia and … · 2016. 11. 10. · waste generaon in...
TRANSCRIPT
CurrentStatusofSolidWasteManagementinMongoliaandBusinessOpportuni7es
a
DELGERBAYAR UNIDONPM
BADAM
2016.10.14
MongolialiesintheEasternAsia&thePacificregion,betweenSiberiaonthenorthandChinaonthesouth.Thetotalsurfaceisofthecountryisabout1,564,116km2,populaGonis3million.
Theaveragesummertemperatureis+20'C,averagewintertemperature-26'C,andaveragerainfall200-220mm.
DemographicsLAND TYPE OF MONGOLIA
83.2 % is agriculture and pasture area 5.1 % is city and village area 8.2 % is forest , 1.4 % lake and river , 4.1 % desert and not useful area
Wastegenera7on
1200000t
UlaanbaatarCity:
1700000t
Ruralarea(Provinces):
Annually
2 900 000 ton waste is generating in Mongolia
Mongoliaprac7cescommingledwastecollec7on.Thecollec7onvehicleincludesmotorizedtrucksaswellashandcarts.Majorityofthewastecollectedinthecountryissenttodisposal.93.5%ofwastewasdisposedofusingburialmethod.Mongoliahasatotalof396centralwastedisposalsitescoveringaround125,000hectaresoftotalland.TheoverallwasteCollec7oncoverageis70%inUrbanareasandonly40%inrural.
Municipal SW composition
SummerWinter21.7%
22.4%35.7%
4.1%
9.5% 6.6%
paper plastickitchin waste textileglass metal and others
12.7%
14.5%
22.7%1.0%
49.1%
paper plastickitchin waste textileash
Thenoteworthyaspecthereisthat,averysignificantpropor7onofrecyclableitemsPlas7c(22%),Paper/cardboard(21%),Glass(9%),andMetal(6%)s7lllandsupinthedisposalsite.Thesevaluablerecyclablescouldotherwisehavebeensegregated,collectedandsentforrecyclingratherthandisposal.
Paper,11
Plas7c,15
Agriculture,9
Kitchen,7
ChemicalandMedical,4
Mining,12
Livestock,20
Ash,18
Others,4Rural(Provinces)
Withintensivedevelopmentinminingandconstruc7onsectors,increasedurbanconsump7onpa]ernsandlifestyle,increasing
wastegenera7onvolume
293 347465
850960
10591200
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
UBCitywastegeneraGon
Thousandton
TheoverallstagesofMSWmanagementinUlanbaatarcity.
UlaanbaatarCityisworkingtowardsformalizingthewasterecyclingac7vi7esinfuture.The“Ecopark”project(Mayor’sResolu7onNo.A/695isexpec7ngtodeveloparecyclingparkintheNarangiinEnger"wastecollec7onsite(52–174.6hectares),and“Tsagaandavaa”wastecollec7onsite(29.4–92.6hectares).UlaanbaatarCityAuthoritywouldprovidelandandinfrastructure(electricity,waterandheat)tothe“Ecopark”.AlsoGovernmentwouldprovideincen7ves(taxexemp7on..)toenterpriseswhichisregisteredinEco-park.
HealthcareWaste(HCW)Atotalofabout2.65tonnesofhealthcarewastewasgeneratedeachdayinUlaanbaatar
(about0.78tonnesofmedicalwastesand1.87tonnesofgeneralwastes).0.36tonnesofanatomicwasteisneedtobeincineratebutcitydoesnothaveMedicalwasteincinera7onplantsoallwasteisdisposedatdisposalsite.Ruralandprovincesthatalmost90%ofmedicalfacili7esburnttheirwasteinsomeprimi7velowtemperatureincinerators,withoutanyairfilterorevenprac7cingopenburning.Apublic-privatepartnershipmodelwasdevelopedandtri-patriateagreementwasreachedwith“ElementLLC”.Thecentraltreatmentfacilityforhealthcarewastewasfunc7onedsinceJanuary2010,andhasbeencollec7ngandtrea7nghealthcarewastesfrom1,000publicandprivatehealthcarefacili7esinthecapitalcity.
Where and How disposing HW ?
Hazardous Waste
Stored in laboratories, institutes, industries and storages, where the substances had been used or disposing as a municipal waste
Except medical waste, there is no environmentally sound hazardous waste management and disposal facility in Mongolia
Landfillandopendump
Soil
Sewageexhaustsystem
Storage
Reusedfordifferentpurposes
Burning
Inthenearfuture,weneedtohaveacentralizedhazardouswastetreatmentfacilityandenvironmentallysoundhazardouswastemanagementsystem.Themainchallengeswearefacingarefinancialconstraints,technologytransferandlackofengineeringpersonneltoworkinthissector.
Composition Volume of hazardous waste, ton/year
Volume of hazardous waste, %
Burnable 7,994 74
Recyclable 1,354 12.5
Landfill 998 9.2
Physical-chemical treatment
455 4.2
Total hazardous waste 10,801
E-wasteisoneofthefastestgrowingwastestreamsinMongolia.Theamountofgeneratede-wasteperyeargrowsrapidly.Lifespanofcomputershasdroppedfromsevenyearsin1990stojusttwoyearsorlesstoday.Mobilephoneshavealifespanofevenlessthantwoyears.Mongolianpopula7onis3millionbutmobilephoneusersnumberis3.5millionandsince2007mobilephoneusersgrowthis120percentbutthereisnodataandinventoryformobilephonewastegenera7oninMongolia.Alsofrom31July2014Mongoliatransferreddigitalbroadcastsystemandgenera7onofCRTwasteisextremelygrowinglastfewyears.Thereisapressingneedtoaddresse-wastemanagementchallenge.Ewasteiscollectedwithmunicipalwasteande-wasteendsupinunreportedandlargelyunknowndes7na7ons.
E-Waste
ElectricalandElectronicEquipmentimportinMongolia
• ThemajorityofEEEsinMongoliaisimportedfrom121countriesandlocallyassembledequipmentcompriseslightpart.
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
2009 2010 2011 2012
Qua
nGty
Years
DVDplayer
TVset
Mobilephone
Computer
Washingmachine
Refrigerator
1054
322
162 171120
1829
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
PC TVset Refrigerator Washingmachine Otherelectrichouseholdmachine
Total
Annual generation of main E waste in Ulaanbaatar city \ton\
Overall E waste flow in Ulaanbaatar
Generation \100%\
Second Hand market \ 45.1 % \
Dismantle\ 54.9 \
Wash and
resell \ 8%\
Repair and
resell \37.1%\
Reuse
\5.3%\
Sel
l as
spar
e pa
rt
\0.4%\
Seg
rega
te \
sell
as
met
al \
6.2%
Dis
char
ge a
t lan
dfil
l
\ 31.
9% \
Was
te p
icke
rs \9.6%\
Tem
pora
ry s
tora
ge
\1.5%\
NeedtotakethefollowingmeasurestoimproveEwastemanagementinMongoliais:
• TocreateanewlegalframeworkforEwaste\policy,strategy,regula7onandstandard\
• ToestablishEwasteseparatecollec7on,transporta7onmechanism
• Studyandsurvey\inventory\onEwasteinna7onwideMongolia\crea7nganaccuratedatabase\
• TocreateEwasteformalrecyclingsystem\tobuildspecificrecyclinganddismantlingyard\
• Trainingprogrammeandcapacitybuildingeffortsarerequired\foreignexperience,management,andguidelinesandneedsmanagerialandmodernmanagementtrainingaswellaspolicymakersandrelatedgoverningbodies\
• Capacitydevelopmentandfinancialassistanceinallaspects.
RecyclingSor7ngandrecyclingisundertakenbytheprivatesector,andisatinformalscale.Asignificantpropor7onofwasteisrecycledbysmallbusinessesorcollectedandexportedtoChinaforrecycling.Thefirststagesor7ngisconductedwhenwastesarepickedfromapartmentsandhouseholds,eitherbythecollec7oncreworthecaretakersofthehousingapartments.Thuscollectedmaterialsarethensentofftothesecondaryrawmaterialcollec7onpoints.Theremainingrecyclablesthatreachthecentralizedlandfillsitesarefurthersortedbywastescavengers.Therearearound200scavengers,mostofthemliveinthedumpsites,collectrecyclablewasteproducts,includingglass,cans,cardboardandbonesandselltotransfercentres.Fromthere,thoserecyclablewasteproductsgotoprimi7verecyclingplantsandtheremainingitemsareexportedtoChina
Recycled waste export done by private company
4836
3567
1258
826.4
582
298
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
waste lead waste tin glass bottle&can
metal paper plastic/pet bottle
Ton\year
Total exported recycle waste -11 300 ton Total export cost -1.5 mill USD
13%ofpaper,11%ofplas7c,2.5%ofmetal,and25-30%ofconstruc7onwasteisrecycledinthecountry.
Paper
Plas7c
Metal
Construc7onwaste
Genera7on
Recycled
Challenges(policy/ins2tu2onal/technological/financial)facedin3Rimplementa2on:• Lackoffinancialresourceandnoincen7vesystemforrecycling.• Nospecificpolicyandlegisla7onforrecycling• Scavengers(informalsector)whoarecurrentlyplayingasubstan7alrolein
collec7onofrecyclablessonocleardata• Thereisalsolimitedtechnologicalandfinancialcapacityofthedomes7c
recyclingindustryandtheoullowofrecyclablestobiginterna7onalmarketssuchasChina.
• Lackofastrongpolicy,legalandregulatoryframeworkfor3R• Weakenforcementandmonitoringoftheexis7nglawsadregula7on• Ins7tu7onalinefficienciesandoverlapsandlimitedavailabilityofhuman
capacity,technology,andfinancialresources.
Immediateimprovementisrequiredinbuildinghumanresourcecapacity,establishingup-to-dateprovincialandnaGonalwastelawandregulaGons,andse[ngupambiGousyetachievable3RtargetsintheNaGonalWasteManagementStrategy.
THANK YOU …
тандбаярлалаа
KaadinchheyLa
धन्यवाद
Ташаккур
cảm ơn bạn
terimakasihРахмат!
ขอขอบคุณคุณ