not high in smoking mothers, the heptaclor-endo-epoxide (trans-isomer)and beta-endosulfan were statistically higher.

Conclusions

The most common pestisid seen in human milk was 4.4 DDE determinedin region of Afyonkarahisar. According to most of the studies, in our countryand worldwide, the DDT was seen the most common peptisid in human milk.Some peptisids found in human milk are influenced by the environment andthe behavioral features of the baby and the mother. We think that the reasonof this influence was epidemiological features and the role of personalmetabolism. Because of lacking data from Afyonkarahisar AgricultureDepartment about what kinds of pestisids used around, it is impossible tomake detailed interpretation about this subject.

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.09.287

Abstract UENPS.272Current postnatal outcomes of infants with abdominal wall defects

Olivia Williams⁎, Benedicte Michel, Graham Hutchings,Pierre Bernard, Christian DebaucheCliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Catholic university of Louvain,Brussels, Belgium

Background and aim

Gastroschisis and exomphalos have a high incidence of both short andlong-term morbidity amongst surviving infants. This study reviews theoutcomes of affected infants and identifies factors predictive of prolongedadmissions.

Materials and methods

Retrospective case note analysis at a single tertiary centre (Cliniquesuniversitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium) over an eleven-year period(1996–2007).

Results

The study group comprised 27 infants born with gastroschisis and 14with exomphalos (6 giant omphaloceles). Infants with gastroschisis weredelivered at an earlier gestation (mean 35.2 weeks vs. 37.8 weeks p=0.001)and had lower birth weights than those affected by exomphalos (mean2.25 kg, vs. mean 2.9 kg p=0.02).

There was a high incidence of associated anomalies amongst the infantsborn with exomphalos (71%).

The incidence of bowel complications was higher in infants withgastroschisis with just over a quarter of infants suffering from bowel atresiaor necrotising enterocolitis. These infants required further surgery for bowelresection and stoma formation. The time taken to achieve full enteral feedingwas prolonged in the gastroschisis group (36.5 days vs 18.4, p=0.032). Twoinfants were discharged from the hospital on home parenteral nutritionprogrammes.

Complications of sepsis, repeated need for central venous access andwoundinfection were seen in both groups, with higher incidences of all of thesecomplications in the gastroschisis group. Logistic regression analysis identifiedthe presence of sepsis, associated malformations and diagnosis of a giantomphalocele as individual positive predictors of prolonged hospital stay.

Conclusions

Infants suffering fromabdominalwall defects have considerablemorbidity, ahigh incidence of complications and prolonged hospital admissions. Theoutcomemay be improved further by directing efforts to decrease the incidenceof sepsis resulting from prolonged central venous access.

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.09.288

Abstract UENPS.273Are preterm SGA at higher risk for parenteral nutritionassociated cholestasis?

Simonetta Costa⁎, Luca Maggio, Paola Sindico, Francesco Cota,Francesca Gallini, Maria Pia De Carolis, Costantino RomagnoliOspedale Gemelli, Rome, Italy

Background and aim

Background: Parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC) is one ofthe most alarming disease of prematurity and SGA infants seem to be moreprone to this complication.

Objective: To assess the role of intrauterine growth retardation on PNACdevelopment.

Materials and methods

Methods: Records of VLBW infants admitted to our NICU during the last10 years and exposed to parenteral nutrition >14 days were reviewed. PNACwas defined by direct bilirubin >2.0 mg/dl. Clinical data and nutritionalintakes were compared between infants who developed CNAP and controls.

Results

Among 446 selected infants, 55 (12.3%) developed PNAC; these infantshad lower BW (850±274 vs 1052±238 g) and lower GA (27.4±2.5 vs 28.7±2.3 wks). The prevalence of SGA infants (30.9 vs 28.6% BW <10th percentile;12.7 vs 10% BW <3rd percentile) and BW z-score (−0.82±1.17 vs −0.60±1.11)was similar in the two groups. During the first 28 days of life PNAC infantsreceived lower amount of enteral fluids (25.8±20.7 vs 67.9±33.0 ml/kg) andhigher intakes (g/kg/d) of intravenous glucose (10.6±1.3 vs 7.5±2.5), lipids(1.8±0.4 vs 1.3 ±0.5) and protein (2.7±0.5 vs 1.9 ±0.7). PNAC grouprequired more days of mechanical ventilation (12.1±11.4 vs 5.1±4.4) andoxygen (18.4±9.6 vs 9.6±6.3). Multiple logistic regression analysis identifiedenteral fluid intakes at 21 days of life (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51, 0.79) andoxygen days (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01,1.10) as the best independent predictors forPNAC.

Conclusions

Intrauterine growth retardation does not represent a significative riskfactor for PNAC whereas our data support the preventive role of early enteralfeeding.

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.09.289

Abstract UENPS.274Echogenic bowel — Clinical significance in newborn

Sara Noéme Prado⁎,a, Margarida Chavesa, Joaquim Correiab, Teresa TomébaCentro Hospitalar de Cascais, Cascais, PortugalbMaternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa, Lisbon, Portugal

Background and aim

Echogenic bowel is diagnosed in 0.2% to 1.4% of second trimesterultrasonographic examinations. Although it may occur as a normal variant, ithas been associated with several pathologic conditions such as cystic fibrosis,chromosomal abnormalities and in utero infection. There are not manystudies concerning the postnatal outcome.

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcome of echogenicbowel in newborn.

Materials and methods

We analysed, retrospectively, all cases of echogenic bowel (classifiedrelative to bone) diagnosed in our Prenatal Diagnosis Unit (PDU) from 2005to 2008. This study group was compared with a control group of newbornswith no echogenic bowel on the second trimester ultrasonography.

AbstractsS112