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Current Biotica 5(3): 330-343 ISSN 0973-4031

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330

Proximate composition of egg, stomach content and body composition of

Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) collected from aquatic environment of

Bangladesh

Prabal Barua 1* and Somnath Chakraborty

2

1 Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta,

Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India 2 Faculty of Marine Science, Center of Advanced study in Marine Biology, Annamalai

University, Parangipettai – 608502, Tamil Nadu, India

*E-mail : [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Proximate analysis of the eggs, stomach contents, and body of Piaractus brachypomus

was carried out using standard methods. The eggs were found to contain 62.78±0.01% water,

39.05±2.93% crude protein, 36.56±0.56% Crude fat, 15.25±0.37% ash, 3.72±0.04% calcium,

0.81±0.09% phosphorous and 3832.42±71.03 Kcal/Kg; the stomach contents were composed of

78.94±8.21% moisture, 69.08±13.51 crude protein, 13.26±8.32% crude lipid, 10.39±3.81% ash

and 7.26±8.23 Nitrogen free extract. The body composition was 73.91±1.73 % water,

66.49±2.90% crude protein, 6.96±1.81% crude fat, 20.58±5.45% ash, 13.87±1.02% calcium,

3.07±1.02% phosphorous, and 2884.69±258.82 K cal/Kg. There was a significant relationship

between the stomach contents and the body composition. The crude fat content in the eggs was

significantly high, but with less crude protein compared to the body composition. Results

obtained from the present study will be useful in formulation of artificial diets for

P. brachypomus

KEY WORDS: Piaractus brachypomus, body composition, egg composition, stomach content

INTRODUCTION

Fish is known to be one of the

cheapest sources of animal protein and other

essential nutrients required in human diets

(Sadiku and Oladimeji, 1991). The nature and

quality of nutrients in most animals is

dependent upon their food type. Proximate

analysis of body composition is the

investigation of water, fat, protein and ash

contents (Ali et al., 2005) in organisms.

Results from analysis differ greatly depending

on species, age, sex, environment, feeding

season and physical activity (Aberoumand

and Kiumars, 2010). Biochemical

composition of the whole body indicates the

fish quality. Therefore, proximate

biochemical composition of a species helps to

assess its nutritional and edible value in terms

of energy units compared to other species.

Variation of biochemical composition of fish

flesh may also occur within same species

depending upon the fishing ground, fishing

season, age and sex of the individual and

reproductive status. The spawning cycle and

food supply are the main factors responsible

for this variation (Love et al., 1980).

In fish, variation in body chemical

composition relates closely to feed intake

(Oyelese, 2006). Fish takes in a wide range of

foodstuffs from which it obtains the required



331

nutrients for its proper growth and

development. The percentage of water in the

composition is a good indicator of the relative

energy, protein and lipid content; the lower

the percentage of water, the greater the lipids

and protein content and the higher the energy

density of the fish (Ali et al., 2005;

Aberoumand and Kiumars, 2010). Proteins

are not only necessary for hormonal and

enzyme development (Wilson, 1986), but are

also an important source of energy (Hossain

et al., 2002; Halver and Hardy 2002). Fats

provide much of energy and the essential

body fatty acids (Wang et al 2005; Gatlin,

2010), while the minerals are a major

component of bones, blood, and

osmoregulation (Davis and Gatlin, 1996;

Watanabe et al 1997). The body tends to

assimilate nutrients in quantities it will

satisfactorily utilize, and these quantities can

be established by performing a proximate

analysis on the carcass using standard

procedures (Chakraborty and Banerjee, 2009;

Aberoumad and Pourshafi, 2010). Results

from proximate nutrient body compositions

have been used widely as a guide to

developing well formulated artificial feeds in

fish (Hossain et al., 2002), however limited

data exists regarding the levels of nutrients

necessary to promote growth of Pacu

(Piaractus brachypomus) under culture

conditions. This information could be traced

from of its eggs, body (Table 1) and stomach

content (Table 2) proximate composition, as

was the case with other fish (Yıldız et al.,

2006; Razzaque et al., 2008).

Bangladesh is ideally suited for fish

production, having one of the highest man-

water ratios in the world, at 20 persons per ha

of water area. The fisheries are multi-species

in nature: there are about 300 species of fish

and 20 species of prawns in Bangladesh

(Rahman, 1989). Over the last three decades,

there has been a steady increase in inland

freshwater aquaculture production in

Bangladesh. Total fish production was

estimated at 2.90 million tonnes in 2009-10 of

which 1351979 tonnes (47%) came from

inland freshwater aquaculture, 1029937

tonnes ( 35%) from inland capture fisheries,

and 517228 tonnes (18%) from marine

fisheries and it contributed 38% percent for

the economy of the country ( DoF, 2011)

(Table 1).

Kaptai Lake is one of the most

important freshwater bodies which are the

largest man-made freshwater resource in the

South-East Asia as well as in Bangladesh

spreading over 680 sq. km. of crystal-clean

water flanked by hills and evergreen forests

lies in the Rangamati Hill District and fish

production 6,852 MT (0.41% of annual fish

production) (DOF, 2001). These enormous

amounts of fishing product are mainly collect

by the local fisherman in Kaptai Lake. Here

fishermen are separate into two segments,

Bangali Fisherman and Tribal Fishermen. The

tribal Fisherman act a vital responsibility in

fisheries activities (Capture, transport,

selling).

Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus), a

native fish of South America recently

introduced as an alien species into India via

Bangladesh. A tendency has been observed

among the fish breeders of Bengal to raise

seed of alien species, principally those that

are carnivorous. Besides breeding individual

species, the fish breeders are also interested in

conducting hybridization programmes

between Indian major carps and exotic

species, as they are largely unaware of the

genetic consequences of such activities.

One of the suggested avenues through

which populations of this fish could be

redeemed is aquaculture and this will require

the development of an artificial feed industry

to sustain its growth. This study was



332

therefore carried out to investigate the

proximate composition of the body, eggs and

stomach contents of Pacu, so as to establish

its nutritional requirements, as a guiding tool

in the formulation of appropriate artificial

diets for Piaractus brachypomus, during its

possible culture as a means of reinstating its

population in the East African region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Kaptai Lake, situated in the southern

part of Bangladesh, with an average surface

area of 58300 ha (68800 ha with full) and

water reserved of 525 × 106

m3, is the largest

in South Asia. Kaptai Lake has ‘H’ shaped

structure and two arms of this lake are joined

near Shuvalong which is a part of the

Karnaphuli River under Rangamati District of

Chittagong Division ( Fig 1). 21 fish samples

were caught from Kaptai Lake of Rangamati

district, Bangladesh using a beach seine net

(3" mesh size in the arms, 1.5" at the code

end) on 21st June, 2010 and landed at

Fisheries distribution centre of Bangladesh

Fisheries Development Corporation of

Rangamati Hill Tract located at 22P29′45″ E

and 92P13′45″ N .

The fish for analysis was sub divided

into six groups of different length (TL) (0 -10

cm, 11-20 cm, 21-30 cm, 31- 40, 20 – 35 cm

and, 12 – 16 cm), each group had three

representatives. The fish between 12 and 16

cm were dissected to remove the ripe eggs,

while the fish between 20 and 35 cm were

dissected to remove the stomach contents.

The fish, stomach contents and eggs were

transported to the Nutrition laboratory at the

Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries,

University of Chittagong, Bangladesh in

iceboxes for analysis on the next day 22th

June, 2010. The eggs, complete fish samples

and stomach contents were separately

analyzed for moisture, crude protein, crude

lipid, crude fiber, total ash content, calcium,

phosphorous and energy using standard

procedures (AOAC, 1984) since 23rd

June to

25th

June, 2010

RESULTS

Results indicated that all the essential

nutrients were present in the eggs, body

(Table 2) and stomach contents (Table 3) of

Piaractus brachypomus. There was no crude

fiber found in any of the samples analyzed.

In the eggs the % water content, % fresh

matter, % Laboratory dry matter, % ash, %

crude fat, % crude protein, % calcium, %

phosphorous and metabolisable energy were

62.78±0.01%, 37.22±0.01%, 93.97±2.43%,

15.24±0.37%, 36.56±0.56%, 39.05±2.93%,

3.72±0.04%, 0.81±0.09 and 3832.42±71.03

Kcal/Kg, respectively (Table 1). The

proximate water content, fresh matter,

laboratory dry matter, ash, crude fat, crude

protein, calcium, phosphorous and

metabolisable energy in the body of P.

brachypomus of 0 to 40 cm (TL) averaged at

73.91±1.73%, 26.09±1.73%, 88.75±4.96%,

20.57±5.49%, 6.96±1.81%, 66.49±2.90%,

13.87±1.02%, 3.07±0.23 and,

2884.69±268.82 Kcal/Kg respectively (Table

2). The crude fat (36.56±0.56%) and energy

(3832.42± 71.03 Kcal/Kg ) in the eggs were

significantly high (p>0.05) compared to that

in the rest of the size classes analyzed, while

calcium (3.72±0.03%), phosphorous (0.81±

0.08%) and protein (39.05± 2.93%) quantities

in the eggs were low compared to those in

other samples analyzed. There was however

no significant difference between the

quantities of ash, crude fat, crude protein,

calcium, phosphorous and energy in the fish

between 1 to 40 cm.

Analysis of the stomach contents of P.

brachypomus between 20 and 35 cm (TL),

(Table 3), indicated a moisture content of



333

73.94±8.29%, dry matter, crude lipid, crude

protein, ash and Nitrogen free extract were

measured at 25.98±8.29%, 13.26±8.32%,

69.08±13.51%%, 10.39±3.81, and

7.26±8.23% respectively. There was a

significant relationship (p>0.05) between the

% crude protein, % water content and % dry

matter between the stomach content and the

body composition of Piaractus brachypomus.

No fiber was observed in any of the samples

analyzed.

Statistical analysis: All data was analyzed

using the one-way analysis of variance

(ANOVA) in the SPSS statistical program.

DISCUSSION

Several studied have been done to

establish the proximate body composition in

fish (Craig 1977; Ali et al 2005; Aberoumad

and Pourshafi 2010; Naeem 2011), and results

from some of these have been used to

establish the nutritional requirements in fish

(Tidwell et al., 2007; Okumuş and Mazlum,

2002). Based on the information from such

research, appropriate fish feed formulae have

been developed. For example, it was

established that artificial diets composed of

45% crude protein were optimum for

producing Sea bream with body composition

of 19.5% CP (Yıldız et al., 2006); feeds

composed of 40.48% CP, 9.07% CF produced

scheilbeid catfish of 18.27% CP and 2.89%

CF (Razzaque et al., 2008); while Tilapia

zilli fed on 55% CP, 12.1% CF had a body

composition of 18.5% CF and 1.78% CF. In

this study the crude protein and crude fat

body compositions of P. brachypomus were

66.49±2.90% and 6.9±1.81% respectively

(Table 1), against a stomach contents

composition of 45.69 – 86.26% CP and 1.05

to 27.71% CF (Table 2). These results are

close to what was observed in red drum fed

on 32% CP and 6 – 10% CF, whose body

composition was 67.88% - 72.79% CP and

5.32% - 10.68% CF (Ellis and Reigh, 1991)

and Senegalese sole fed on 42.9% - 59.6%

CP, 10.1% - 13.0% CF, producing fish whose

body composition was P. brachypomus

60.28% - 65.12% CP and 19.58% - 27.8% CF

(Rema et al, 2008). This suggests that the

formulated diet of P. brachypomus could have

the same CP and CF ranges as those in the red

drum and Senegalese sole diets.

Results from this study further showed

that the proximate crude protein compositions

of P. brachypomus is relatively high

(66.49±2.90%, Table 1), compared to that in

Clarias gariepinus (19.3±0.52%, Ayinla

1993), and Tilapia guineensis (18.65%,

Abimola et al., 2010), but close to that

observed in the northern pike (60 – 85.8%,

Salam and Davies, 1994). This implies that P.

brachypomus’ formulated diets will be much

superior (in terms of protein content) to those

currently available on the aquaculture feed

market that are specifically made, for tilapia,

catfish and carps. Some observers have

suggested that this highly protenious feed

could be very expensive therefore making the

culture of Piaractus brachypomus very costly,

however, several studies (Shipton 1999;

Dacosta-calheiros M. 2003; Soltan et al.,

2008; Pratoomyot 2010; Ayoola, 2010;

Langer 2011) indicate that it is possible to

produce and maintain a high quality

protenious fish feed at reduced costs by

substituting the expensive components (fish

meal) with less expensive components.

Feasibility of the Piaractus brachypomus

artificial diets will therefore greatly depend

on the availability of agricultural and fish

processing factory by-products to provide raw

materials for this fish feed industry.

In the study, the crude protein

percentage in the eggs of Piaractus

brachypomus (39.05±2.93%, Table 1) was

observed to be lower than that in its body



334

composition (66.49±2.90%, Table 1) while

the crude fat (36.56±0.56%, Table 1) was

higher than that in the P. brachypomus body

composition (6.96±1.81%, Table 1), and that

observed in the eggs of Clarias gariepinus

(2.4±0.05%, Ayinla 1993). This could be

explained by the highly oil globulated small

sized tertiary oocyte (475±70.7µm, Basiita et

al., 2011) in the sexually mature P.

brachypomus females, suggesting the need of

increasing the crude fat content in the

broodstock diets of P. brachypomus, prior to

breeding, since fatty acids are greatly

important in larval growth and development

(Izquierdo et al., 2001).

Protein percentages in fish are usually

higher than those of fat, (Skalli et al., 2004;

Erchao et al, 2010); this arrangement eases

the effective utilization of both body

requirements (Miller, 2003), however, the

protein (39.05±2.93%, Table 1) and fat

(36.56±0.56%, Table 1) contents in Piaractus

brachypomus eggs was observed to be of

almost equal quantities. The increased fat

(compared to the body composition -

6.96±1.81%, Table 1) in this case was

probably important to meet the energy

demands, and this would spare the limited

proteins for tissue building. This suggests that

fats play an important role (Namulawa et al.,

2011), in the growth and development and of

Piaractus brachypomus larvae and therefore

should be an important ingredient in the diet

of P. brachypomus broodstock and larvae.

Several studies have also indicated

that increasing dietary lipids would reduce on

the dietary protein inputs (Du et al., 2009),

suggesting that the lipids would take up the

energy requiring roles instead of the proteins

(Tocher, 2003), and in the same way reduce

the cost of aquafeed production since proteins

are the most expensive ingredient in a fish

feed (Langer et al, 2011). This idea would

work well during the formulation of Piaractus

brachypomus feeds, by producing a diet with

a lower protein percentage but with a slight

increase in the fat content, since too much

dietary fat causes excessive muscular fat

deposits and reduces growth and feed

efficiency in fish (de Borba et al., 2003; Du et

al., 2009; Aliyu – Paiko et al., 2010).

Results from this study indicate the

presence of ash, and this suggests that

minerals are one of the compositions of the

eggs and body of Piaractus brachypomus,

Observations further indicate that the ash

levels in P. brachypomus increased steady

with increasing fish length, from

11.00±2.83% to 25.50±2.74% (Table 1), close

to that observed in the wild feather back fish

(21.63±2.85%, Naeem et al., 2011) , this

increase in ash percentage could be explained

by the possible increase in the bone mass as

the fish grows in length. There was however a

significant relationship between the ash

quantities in the eggs (15.24±0.37, Table 1)

and in body composition of P. brachypomus

measuring 0-10 cm (11.00±2.83, Table 1) and

11-20cm (19.00±2.12, Table 1). Lower ash

percentages have been observed in the Chinok

Salmon roe (1.42%, Bekhit et al., 2009), but

closer quantities were observed in catfish roe

(10±0.1%, Sathivel et al., 2009). This

relatively high ash percentage in the P.

brachypomus eggs is similar to what was

observed in immature Alaska Walleye

Pollock roe (18.39±0.19%, Bechtel et al,

2007) and this suggests the possible presence

of other important mineral in the eggs of P.

brachypomus other than phosphorus and

calcium (0.81±0.09%, 3.72± 0.04%

respectively, Table 1) such as potassium,

copper, zinc, manganese, iron, sulphur, cobalt

and sodium (Davis and Gatlin, 1996;

Watanabe et al., 1997; Bechtel et al., 2007;

Sathivel et al., 2009) in relatively high

percentages . It was however observed that

the percentage of calcium (3.72±0.04%) and



335

phosphorous (0.81±0.09%) in the egg

composition are lower than was observed in

the body composition (Ca: 13.87±1.02%, P:

3.07±0.23%) suggesting that these two are

required in lesser quantities in the eggs than

in the body.

Quantities of ash percentages in the

stomach composition (10.39±3.81%, Table 2)

were relatively lower than those observed in

the body composition (20.58±5.49%),

suggesting that P. brachypomus takes in low

mineral quantities that slowly accumulate in

its body. Similarly, P. brachypomus diets are

recommended to have minerals in ranges as

those observed in its stomach content. The

proximate analysis carried out in this study

indicated that the % water content in the eggs

(62.78±0.01%, Table 1) was less than that in

the body (73.91±1.73%, Table 1), and a

reverse relationship between the water

quantities, the crude fat, crude protein and

metabolizable energy (ME). The eggs had

62.78±0.01% water; 36.56±0.56% crude fat;

39.05±2.93% crude protein; 3832.42±71.03

Kcal/Kg, while the body had 62.78±0.01%

water; 6.96±1.81% crude fat; 66.49±2.96

crude protein, and 2884.69±258.82 Kcal/Kg,

(Table 1).

Ali et al (2005); Aberoumand and

Kiumars, (2010), have suggested that the

lower the percentage of water, the greater the

lipid and protein content and the higher the

energy density of the fish, and the

metabolizable energy. Kerrigan (1994)

mentions that fish in ‘poor’ conditions have a

relatively high water content, however this

may not be true for P. brachypomus which

feeds at the top of the trophic level and has all

the other fish to eat, these water percentages

could be explained by the fact that freshwater

species: Citharinus citharus (76.70%);

Hemisynodontis membranacenus (79.75%)

tend to have high water contents (Effiong &

Mohammaed, 2008).

During feed formulation, the protein

to lipid ratio is closely monitored especially

for the carnivorous fish, whose dietary protein

requirements are comparingly higher (40 to

55%; Barramundi; Glencross, 2004) than

those for herbivorous fish (Tilapia zilli

(19.0%, Osibona et al, 2009). Given the fact

that Piaractus brachypomus is a carnivore

with high quality feed requirements, there is

need to balance between the dietary protein

and lipid requirements of the fish because

fish requires more proteins than lipids, the

lipid requirements being characteristically

less compared to those for terrestrial

animals (Miller, 2003). There is also need to

balance between the required body protein

requirements, the dietary costs and the effects

of nitrogen loading into the culture system

(Catacutan and Coloso 1995). Feed

formulations therefore have to closely

regulate proteins and lipids in fish diets to

ensure that the diets produced meet the

nutritional requirements of fish at an

acceptable cost (Thoman et al 1999)

CONCLUSION

The body composition of Piaractus

brachypomus has got a significant correlation

to its stomach contents, implying that what it

takes in has a significant impact on its body

performance and development. Moderate

mineral quantities, high proteins, and fat

contents have been detected in Piaractus

brachypomus. Efforts towards formulation of

artificial diets for Piaractus brachypomus

should take considerations of the inclusions

such as proteins, fats, ash, and minerals in

quantities as those observed in this study.

Current Biotica

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Table 1: Fish Production in Bangladesh from fiscal year 1998-99 to 2009-10 (Production in MT)

Sectors

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07 2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

A. Inland

Fisheries

12

426

20

1

32

75

85

1

40

15

60

1

47

50

39

1

56

62

89

1

64

68

19

1

74

13

60

1

95

25

73

1

95

25

73

2

06

57

23

2

18

67

26

2

38

19

16

1.

Op

en W

ater

Fis

her

ies

64

941

8

67

046

5

68

892

0

68

843

5

70

933

3

73

206

7

85

926

9

95

668

6

10

067

61

1

06

01

81

1

12

39

25

1

02

99

37

a. R

iver

s and

Tri

buta

ries

1

51

30

9

15

433

5

15

012

9

14

359

2

13

784

8

13

733

7

13

979

8

13

785

9

13

695

8

13

681

2

13

816

0

15

369

5

b.S

und

arb

an

11

134

1

16

48

1

20

35

1

23

45

1

38

84

1

52

42

1

57

24

1

64

23

1

77

51

1

81

51

1

84

62

8

10

9

c. N

atura

l

Dep

ress

ion

69

857

7

28

25

7

45

27

7

61

01

7

54

60

7

43

28

7

49

25

7

63

65

7

51

37

7

75

24

7

92

00

7

02

09

d.

Kap

tai

Lak

e 6

68

9

68

52

7

05

1

72

47

7

02

5

72

38

7

37

9

75

48

8

08

5

82

48

8

59

0

71

17

e. W

etla

nd

s 4

10

43

6

42

480

5

44

517

8

44

915

0

47

511

6

49

792

2

62

144

3

71

849

1

76

883

0

81

944

6

87

951

3

79

080

7

2.

Clo

sed

Wat

er

Fis

her

ies

59

320

2

65

712

0

71

264

0

78

660

4

85

695

6

91

475

2

88

209

1

89

204

9

94

581

2

10

055

42

1

06

28

01

1

35

19

79

a. P

ond

4

99

59

0

56

105

0

61

582

5

68

510

7

75

205

4

79

581

0

75

699

3

75

962

8

81

195

4

86

604

9

91

217

8

11

404

85

b.

Sem

iencl

ose

d

wet

land

s n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

4

69

02

c. B

aor

35

36

3

62

2

38

01

3

89

2

40

98

4

28

2

43

88

4

49

8

46

98

4

77

8

50

38

8

72

7

d.

Shri

mp

far

ms

90

076

9

24

48

9

30

14

9

76

05

1

00

80

4

11

466

0

12

071

0

12

792

3

12

916

0

13

471

5

14

558

5

15

586

6

B. Marine

Fisheries

30

979

7

33

379

9

37

949

7

41

542

0

43

190

8

45

520

7

47

459

7

47

981

0

48

743

8

49

757

3

51

464

4

51

722

8

Current Biotica

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1. T

raw

l F

isher

y

15

818

1

63

04

2

39

01

2

51

65

2

79

54

3

26

06

3

41

14

3

41

84

3

53

91

3

41

59

3

54

29

3

41

82

2.

Art

isanal

Fis

her

y

29

397

9

31

745

9

35

559

6

39

025

5

40

395

4

42

260

1

44

048

3

44

572

6

45

204

7

46

341

4

47

921

5

48

310

0

Total Production

1552417

1661384 1781057 1890459 1998197 2102026 2215957

2328545 2440011 2562296

2701370

2899198

Yearly Increase of

Production (%)

6.07

7.02

7.2

6.14

5.7

5.2

5.42

5.08

4.79

5.05

5.39

7.32

Table 2: Proximate body composition of Piaractus brachypomus eggs and body of different size classes

Class

Water

Fresh

Lab

%Total

% Crude

% Crude

%

%

Me

Sizes

Content

DM

% DM

ASH

Fat

Protein

Calcium Phosphorus Kcal / Kg

Eggs

62.7

8±

0.0

1

37.2

2±

0.0

1

93.9

7±

2.4

3

15.2

4±

0.3

7

36.5

6±

0.5

6

39.0

5±

2.9

3

3.7

2±

0.0

4

0.8

1±

0.0

9

3832.4

2±

71.0

3

0 to 10

77.1

5±

0.0

1

22.8

5±

0.0

1

89.3

7±

4.0

9

11.0

0±

2.8

3

5.5

2±

0.1

2

64.1

5±

0.0

3

14.7

6±

0.1

3

3.3

2±

0.0

1

2722.1

8±

6.6

7

11 to 20

75.3

5±

0.3

9

24.6

5±

0.3

9

90.1

2±

0.8

1

19.0

0±

2.1

2

6.4

5±

0.1

0

64.2

4±

0.0

2

13.7

7±

0.1

5

3.0

7±

0.0

1

2786.8

7±

7.4

5

21 to 30

73.0

8±

1.3

3

26.9

2±

1.3

3

88.1

3±

5.2

5

21.2

5±

1.7

6

8.9

5±

1.8

7

67.7

6±

0.6

8

13.7

7±

1.0

9

2.9

8±

0.2

6

3026.9

3±

406.5

6

31 to 40

73.4

6±

1.6

4

26.5

4±

1.6

4

88.3

7±

7.4

0

25.5

0±

2.7

4

5.9

3±

0.4

5

67.5

0±

4.4

4

13.5

7±

1.4

0

3.0

3±

0.2

7

2872.6

0±

170.6

4

Aver

age

0 t

o 4

0

73.9

1±

1.7

3

26.0

9±

1.7

3

88.7

5±

4.9

6

20.5

8±

5.4

9

6.9

6±

1.8

1

66.4

9±

2.9

0

13.8

7±

1.0

2

3.0

7±

0.2

3

2884.6

9±

258.8

2



338

Table 3: Per cent nutrient composition of stomach content of P. brachypomus of 20 – 35 cm

(SL)

% Nutrient Mean ± STD Range

% Moisture 73.94 ± 8.21 56.13 - 81.14

% Dry matter 25.98 ± 8.29 18.14 - 43.87

% Crude fiber - -

% Crude lipid 13.26 ± 8.32 1.05 - 27.71

% Crude protein 69.08 ± 13.51 45.69 - 86.26

% Ash 10.39 ± 3.81 5.36 - 19.50

%NFE 7.26 ± 8.23 0.88 - 25.93



339

Fig 1 : Geographical Location of Sampling Area Kaptai Lake, Rangamati, Bangladesh



340

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