current affairs round up
TRANSCRIPT
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JANUARY
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, UPAs
flagship aam admi scheme, turned five on February 2, 2011. On January
14, the Ministry of Rural Development issued a notification revising the
wage rates under the MNREGA from Rs 100 per day to between Rs 117 andRs 181 (17-30 % hike) in different States. The revision under Section 6(1)
of the 2005 Act, coming in wake of inflationary pressures on the poor,
adjusts the wages by indexing it to the Consumer Price Index of
Agricultural Laborers (CPIAL).
The Justice B.N. Srikrishna Committee report was made public on
January 6, 2011. It strongly advocated maintaining united Andhra
Pradesh along with creation of statutory Telangana Regional
Council to address the core socio-economic concerns of thebackward region. On bifurcation, which has been the single point
agenda of Telangana protagonists, the Committee said it was the
second best option but could be recommended only in case it is
unavoidable and if this decision can be reached amicably among all
three regions.
History met geography when Indonesian President Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono took the salute as the Chief Guest at Indias 62nd Republic Day
parade on January 26, 2011. President Soekarno, whose close friendsJawaharlal Nehru and Biju Patnaik helped defy the Dutch colonial
embargoes of the late 1940s that enabled Indonesia gain independence,
was the Chief Guest at the founding of the Indian republic, in 1950. India
and Indonesia signed nearly 30 agreements, including an extradition treaty
and a mutual legal assistance treaty, and pledged to achieve a bilateral
trade target of $ 25 billion by 2015, from about $ 11 billion in 2009-10.
In January 2011, the US removed nine Indian space and defence
related companies, including those from ISRO and DRDO, from its
export control Entity List in an attempt to expand high technology
trade and strategic cooperation with India. The US decision meets a
long pending Indian demand and is the first step to implement the
export control policy initiative announced by US President Barack
Obama and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on November 8, 2010,
after their summit talks in New Delhi. The nine entities are Bharat
Dynamics Ltd (BDL), four remaining subsidiaries of the Defence
Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in the US sanction
list and another four of the Indian Space Research Organisation
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(ISRO).
The one-man committee headed by retired Supreme Court judge Justice
Shivraj V. Patil, who was appointed by the Telecom Ministry to look into the
lapses in the allocation of the 2G Spectrum, submitted its report on January31, 2011. After former Telecom Minister A. Raja resigned, the panel was
set up on December 13 2010 to look into the Spectrum allocation
procedures and policies from 2001 to 2009. The period also included the
issuing of telecom licences during the NDA regime. The panel nailed A. Raja
for procedural lapses. The report also named seven other officials in the
Department of Telecom (DoT), including former DoT Secretary Siddharth
Behura and R.K. Chandolia, a former lieutenant of Raja.
On January 1, 2011, Dilma Rousseff became the Brazil's first femalePresident. The former Marxist guerrilla, has evolved over the years
into a pragmatic civil servant with a professed obsession for
reducing poverty.
On January 31, 2011, Marouf Bakhit was appointed as the Prime Minister of
Jordan by King Abdullah. The move came following protests inspired by
mass demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt, but the opposition dismissed
the move as insufficient.
On January 15, 2011, the UN ended its peace mission in Nepal as
the government and the main Opposition Maoists inked a crucial
eleventh-hour deal to monitor fragile peace process. The UN
mission was tasked to supervise the arms and the army of the
former rebels and the military.
The assassination of former Governor of Punjab province of Pakistan,
Salmaan Taseer, on January 4, 2011, once again drew attention to
Pakistan's controversial blasphemy laws, which have been at the center of
debate of late. Religious parties have been able to force Prime Minister
Yousuf Raza Gilani to step back from the government's earlier stance of
changing these laws.
South Sudan overwhelmingly voted to split from the north in a
referendum intended to end decades of civil war, as per the result
declared on January 30, 2011.
President Hu Jintao of China visited USA in second week of January 2011 to
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narrow rifts between the worlds top two economies. This was the first visit
of a Chinese President to USA in 13 years.
Per capita income of Indians grew by 14.5 per cent to Rs 46,492 in
2009-10, from Rs 40,605 in 2008-09. The new per capita incomefigure estimates on current market prices is over Rs 2,000 more
than the previous estimate of Rs 44,345 calculated by the Central
Statistical Organisation. Per capita income means earnings of each
Indian if the national income is evenly divided among the country's
population at 117 crore (1.17 billion). Per capita income (at 2004-
05 prices) stood at Rs 33,731 in FY10 against Rs 31,801 in the
previous year.
The size of the economy at current prices rose to Rs 61,33,230 crore (Rs61,332.30 billion) in 2009-10, up 16.1 per cent over Rs 52,82,086 crore
(Rs 52,820.86 billion) in FY'09. Based on 2004-05 prices, the Indian
economy expanded by 8 per cent during the fiscal ended March 2010. This
is higher than 6.8 per cent growth in fiscal 2008-09.
The 98th Indian Science Congress was held at SRM University near
Chennai.
While 2010 was observed as the International Year of Biodiversity, from2011 started the Decade of Biodiversity. During the decade, a UN body,
much like the IPCC for Climate Change, pushed for action on biodiversity
front.
The Qingdao Haiwan Bridge in China is the worlds longest sea
bridge. It is 42.48 km long, 8.04 km further than the distance
between Dover and Calais, as also longer than a marathon. The
bridge links the main urban area of Qingdao city in east Chinas
Shandong province with Huangdao district.
January 14, 2011 marked the 250th anniversary of the third battle of
Panipat. The defeat of the Marathas by the army of Ahmad Shah Abdali
prepared the ground for the gradual take-over of India by the East India
company.
Army Day is observed in India on January 15.
On January 17, 2011, Indian Navy commissioned a squadron of Unmanned
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Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), named INAS 343, at Porbander, Gujarat, to
enhance coastal surveillance capabilities. The UAVs have been nick-named
Frontier Formidables.
RBI has decided to circulate Rs 5 coins to commemorate the 125thbirth anniversary of Dr Rajendra Prasad, Indias first President.
Anti-Leprosy Day is observed in India on January 30.
FEBRUARY
The Economic Survey 2011 placed Bihar on top in terms of performance on
growth, with the State posting a whopping 16.59 per cent growth in 2008-
2009, the latest year for which the data is available. But Gujarat pips Bihar
(which is followed by Orissa, Haryana and Uttrakhand) to the lead spotwhen the growth performance is measured from 2002-2003 onwards to
2009.
The Economic Survey 2011 revealed that though Rajasthan,
followed by Andhra Pradesh, UP, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and
Bihar, provided maximum employment under MNREGA in 2009-
2010, it was Punjab which employed the maximum Scheduled
Castes under the programme (Punjab also reports the lowest
number of people below poverty line in India) while MadhyaPradesh employed the maximum STs, followed by Jharkhand,
Gujarat and Chhattisgarh.
On February 16, 2011, India and Japan signed a comprehensive economic
partnership agreement (CEPA) to open markets and reduce barriers on
goods, services and movement of people between the two countries.
On February 18, 2011, India and Malaysia signed a comprehensive
market opening pact that throws up myriad trade opportunities for
both sides and give a boost to India's Look-East Policy and the
prospects for its economic integration with South-East Asia.
After three decades of armed conflict that cost thousands of lives in Assam,
the outlawed United Liberation Front of Assam( ULFA) finally decided to sit
for unconditional talks with the Government of India. On February 5,
2011, leaders of the outfit informed that ULFA had been invited by Union
Home Minister P. Chidambaram for a preliminary round of talks in New
Delhi, as a prelude to formal negotiations that would materialize once ULFA
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submitted its charter of demands.
On February 22, 2011, thirty one persons were convicted and 63
others, including the main accused Maulvi Umarji, were acquitted
by a special court in the 2002 Godhra train burning incident thatleft 59 persons dead and triggered violence in Gujarat that claimed
the lives of over 1200 people.
On February 11, 2011, Hosni Mubarak stepped down as Egypt's President,
handing over to the army and ending three decades of autocratic rule,
bowing to escalating pressure from the military and protesters demanding
that he go. A military council would run the affairs of the Arab world's most
populous nation, till a free and fair presidential election is held.
Ending a seven-month-long standoff over the Prime Ministerial
election, Nepal's Parliament, on February 3, 2011, elected veteran
communist leader and chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal-
Unified Marxist Leninist (CPN-UML) Jhalanath Khanal as the new
Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Nepal.
On February 5, 2011, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton launched a
landmark nuclear arms reduction pact with Russia, a showpiece of
Washingtons reset of ties with its former Cold War enemy. The newSTART officially came into force when Clinton and Russian counterpart
Sergei Lavrov exchanged ratification documents at a security conference in
the German city of Munich. The pact slashes existing warhead ceilings by
30 per cent over the next 10 years and limits each side to 700 deployed
long-range missiles and heavy bombers. The original 1991 pact expired at
the end of 2009 amid stark differences over how the two sides planned to
proceed.
Indias first inland fish processing unit has been set up in the
village of Bhutana in Karnal district of Haryana.
The National Science Day is observed on February 28 to mark the discovery
of Raman Effect by Sir C.V. Raman in 1928, for which he was awarded the
Nobel prize.
To reduce the burden of small tax-payers, a new, simplified income
tax return form, Sugam, has been introduced.
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The Union Budget 2011 has increased the Defence budget by 11 per cent.
Additional Rs 17,071 crore have been allotted over 2010 Budget figure of
Rs 1,47,344 crore. About Rs 69,199 crore has been earmarked for capital
expenses like weapons, planes, ships, special classified projects etc.
The Union Budget 2011 has earmarked Rs 52,000 crore for
education, out of which Rs 21,000 crore will be spent on Sarv
Shiksha Abhiyan, Rs 6,213 crore on secondary education and Rs
2,200 crore on higher education.
The Hyderabad international airport has bagged the first rank in its
category in the latest Airport Service Quality (ASQ) rankings of the Airports
Council International (ACI).
The theme song of Cricket World Cup, 2011 was De Ghuma Ke. It
was composed by the trio of Shankar, Ehasan and Loy India
received foreign direct investment (FDI) worth $21 billion 9Rs
96,104 crore) in the calendar year 2010, a decline of 22 per cent
over 2009.
The SAARC Foreign Ministers meet was held in Thimpu, Bhutan on
February 8, 2011.
The NASSCOM India Leadership Forum (NILF) was held in Mumbai
in February 2011.
Mahatma Gandhi and the Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama have been
listed by the Time magazine as the worlds top 25 political icons.
India has agreed to temporarily lend fragments of Buddhas bones,
famously known as Kapilavastu relics, to Sri Lanka for an
exposition to celebrate his 2600th year of enlightenment in 2011.
China has emerged as the worlds largest economy, surpassing Japan,
which had held on to the position for over four decades. At the end of
2010, Japanese economy was estimated to be worth about $5.5 trillion and
that of China $5.8 trillion. USA continues to be the largest economy of the
world with the economy worth $14.6 trillion.
MARCH
The Supreme Court of India rejected the petition for mercy killing of Aruna
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Shanbaug, who has been in a persistent vegetative state for the past 37
years. There is no law to allow it. However, the apex court permitted
passive euthanasia under certain, supervised by a High Court. Euthanasia,
also called assisted suicide, has been debated worldwide.
The Union Cabinet has given its nod to the Banking Regulation
(Amendment) Bill, which proposes to increase the voting rights of
foreign investors in private sector banks.
Paving the way for setting up of a regulator for the insurance sector, the
Union government, on March 24, 2011, introduced the long-awaited
Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) Bill in the
Lok Sabha. The move aims at providing social security to millions of
employees through efficient intermediation of long-term household savings.
India's most backward and populous States slowed down their rate
of population growth, helping the country register its sharpest
decline in population growth since Independence. India's
population grew to 1.21 billion, according to provisional results of
the decadal headcount declared by Census Commissioner C.
Chandramouli on March 30, 2011. The absolute addition of about
181 million people is slightly less than the population of Brazilthe
world fifth most populous countrybut the slower decadal growthrate of 17.64% has offered hope to policy makers.
India accounts for a meagre 2.4% of the world surface area of 135 million
sq km and supports 17.5% of the worlds population. In contrast, the US
accounts for 7.2% of the surface area with only 4.5% of the population.
Indias total population, as per the 2011 Census is 12102.2 million.
Out of this 586.5 are females and 623.7 are males.
Literacy rate of India, as per Census 2011 has gone up to 74.04% from
64.83% a decade ago. 82.4% is male literacy and 65.46 is female literacy.
At 11,297 people for every sq km, Delhi tops the list of States and
Union Territories in terms of density. Chandigarh comes next, with
9,252 people. Among Andaman and Nicobar and Arunachal Pradesh
are the least densely populated territories, with 46 and 17 people,
respectively, in every sq km. Dibang valley of Arunachal has only
one person in a sq km, while Samba in J&K has two. Nagaland is
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the only State that has statistically demonstrated a negative
growth rate and a marginal decline in density.
More Indian women gained literacy over the past decade than men,
according to the 2011 census. A total of 110 million additional women havebecome literate since 2001, as opposed to 107 million men over the same
period. Never before have women outdone men in numbers gaining literacy
over any decade.
The Union government has approved a three-step strategy to create
a foolproof system for transferring fertilizer subsidy directly to
farmers. In the first step, the government plans to track the
movement of fertilizers from factories to farmers via retailers. This
is expected to be over by December. After this, based on thecollected data, it would start paying retailers. The revised estimates
put the subsidy billfood, kerosene and fertilizersat Rs 1,64,153
crore for 2010-11. The subsidy bill for food, petroleum and
fertilizers is estimated at Rs 1,34,210 crore for 2011-12.
Relaxing the rules for foreign direct investment (FDI) in the country, the
Union government, on March 31, 2011, decided to permit the issuance of
equity to overseas firms against imported capital goods and machinery.
Furthermore, the norms for overseas investment in production anddevelopments of seeds have been liberalised.
Much against the opinion of his own Cabinet, Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh invited Pakistani leadersboth Prime Minister
and Presidentto witness the cricket World Cup semi-final match
at Mohali, played between the teams of the two nations on April 29,
2011. Pakistans Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani accepted the
invitation to take forward the peace initiative taken by the Indian
Prime Minister.
On March 3, 2011, the Supreme Court of India ruled that the appointment
of P.J. Thomas was in contravention of the provisions of the CVC Act,
2003, and hence it is declared that the September 3, 2010,
recommendations of the HPC is non-est in law and consequently his
appointment is quashed. The verdict was given by a three-member Bench
headed by Chief Justice S.H. Kapadia.
On March 26, 2011, Canada's Governor-General dissolved the
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Parliament after a vote of no-confidence in Tory Prime Minister
Stephen Harper's government, setting up a May 2 election, the
fourth in seven years.
On March 30, 2011, Myanmars military handed power to a nominallycivilian government after almost half a century of army rule, as the junta
was disbanded and a new President appointed. Former PM Thein Sein, a
key Than Shwe ally, was sworn in as President. He is among a slew of
generals who shed their army uniforms to contest the elections and are
now civilian members of Parliament, which also has a quarter of its seats
kept aside for the military.
On March 10, 2011, the Dalai Lama announced his retirement plan
on the 52nd anniversary of the Tibetan Uprising Day. Announcingthat he would step down as political head of the Tibetan
government-in-exile, the Dalai Lama in his speech said he would
hand over his formal authority to a freely-elected leader.
Starting March 19, 2011, Western forces launched a series of air and
missile strikes against forces of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi to force
him to stop war on opposition forces in Libya. Earlier, on March 18, a UNSC
resolution had imposed a no-fly zone over Libya. India stayed away from
voting. India, along with four other countries, wanted the UNSC to wait forthe report of the special envoy of the Secretary-General. India also made it
clear that it was very important to fully respect sovereignty, unity and
territorial integrity of Libya.
Child sex ratio of India, as per Census 2011, is 914 females against
1000 males. This is lowest since independence. The overall sex
ratio has risen by 7 points to 940 females per 1000 males.
India Post has launched online portal e-post office to provide postal
transactions and tracking service online. This portal will provide electronic
money order (eMO), instant money order (iMO), sale of philatelic stamps,
postal information, tracking of express and international shipments, PIN
code search and registration of feedback and complaints online. Through
this portal, DoP will also sell products, handicrafts and other products made
by small-scale industries. The content of the portal is in English. The next
version of the portal is expected to be launched in Bangla and Kannada
language.
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NLU-Delhi, NALSAR-Hyderabad, NLSIU-Bangalore, NUJS-Kolkata
and RGSOIPL-IIT Kharagpur have come together to set up the
Legal Information Institute of India. The online portal provides for
300,000 decisions from 37 courts and tribunals, 800 bilateral
treaties, 500 law journal articles and much more.
The 11th Info-Poverty World Conference was held in March 2011 at the
United Nations.
The biennial Wind Power India conference was held in Chennai.
The three-day world Sufi music festival was held on March 11-13, 2011 in
New Delhi.
World House Sparrow day is observed on March 20.
World Water Day is observed on March 22.
APRIL
On April 15, 2011, the Supreme Court granted bail to civil rights activist Dr
Binayak Sen, holding that possessing Naxal literature or visiting jailed
Maoists did not amount to sedition.
On April 16, 2011, during the official visit of Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh to Kazakhstan, India and Kazakhstan signed
seven key accords, including one on cooperation in the civil nuclear
energy field and another for joint exploration in the oil and gas
sector, and condemned terrorism in all its forms and manifestations
and those who supported the menace.
On April 5, 2011, India and Thailand agreed to intensify their cooperation in
the areas of trade and investment, education, tourism and culture and to
aim towards doubling of their trade by 2014. The decisions were taken
during the visit of Abhisit Vejjajiva, Prime Minister of Thailand.
On April 25, 2011, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
arrested Suresh Kalmadi, Member of Parliament and former
chairman of the Organising Committee (OC) of the Delhi
Commonwealth Games (CWG). The CBI has charged him with
criminal conspiracy to buy timing, scoring and result (TSR) system
from a Swiss company at an inflated cost of R141 crore.
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On April 25, 2011, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) named DMK
Member of Parliament Kanimozhi as a co-accused in the supplementary
charge-sheet filed by it before the special CBI court in the 2G Spectrum
case. Kanimozhi has been charged under Section 7 and 11 of thePrevention of Corruption Act (PCA), which relates to acceptance of alleged
gratification.
On April 24, 2011, Yemen's embattled President agreed to a
proposal by Gulf Arab mediators to step down within 30 days and
hand power to his deputy in exchange for immunity from
prosecution. A coalition of seven opposition parties said they also
accepted the deal but with reservations.
BRIC, the grouping of the four countries thought to radiate the largest
lessons in developing an economyBrazil, Russia, India and Chinahas
decided to transform itself to BRICS, with the much-awaited induction of
South Africa into the cohort, making it more representative. Started in year
2009, the 2011 summit, held in Sanya on south China's tropical island of
Hainan on April 13-15, was the first one for South Africa.
Indias exports for 2010-11 have clocked $245.9 billion registering
a growth of 37.5 per cent. This is the first time exports havecrossed $200 billion.
World Heritage Day, also known as the international day for monuments, is
observed on April 18.
World Health Day is observed on April 7.
World Haemophilia Day is observed on April 17. Haemophilia is a genetic
blood disorder in which blood does not clot properly.
Civil Services Day is observed on April 21.
MAY
More than 40 years after it was mooted, the Union Cabinet, on May 13,
2010, gave its approval to set up the nations first defence university at
Binola, around 20 km from Gurgaon. It would aim at imparting education
on strategic challenges to armed forces officials, bureaucrats,
academicians, parliamentarians and trainees at military academies.
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In a verdict expected to weaken cases against terrorists, other
dreaded criminals and high-profile offenders, the Supreme Court
has cited mental privacy to rule that police and other prosecuting
agencies cannot forcibly conduct lie detector testsnarco-analysis,polygraph or brain electrical activation profile (BEAP, popularly
known as brain mapping)on accused, suspects or witnesses.
The Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change has approved the National
Water Mission, focusing on making water conservation a peoples'
movement in the country.
Indian President Pratibha Patil visited Beijing from May 27, 2010.
She is the first Indian Head of State to visit China in a decade. Shehad been invited by her Chinese counterpart Hu Jintao and her trip
coincided with the 60th anniversary of the establishment of
diplomatic relations between India and China. During her visit, Patil
inaugurated Chinas first Indian-style Buddhist temple in Luoyang
city in Henan province.
The bidding frenzy for third generation (3-G) spectrum came to an end on
May 19, 2010, with leading operators Bharti Airtel, Reliance
Communications and Aircel winning licences for 13 circles each. This wasthe 34th day of the auction and it saw the price of a pan-India, or
nationwide, licence touching Rs 16,828 crore, nearly five times its base
price. No single operator could garner enough cash to win bids for all the
22 circles that went under the hammer.
On May 3, 2010, a Mumbai court found 22-year-old Pakistani
national, Mohammad Ajmal Kasab, guilty of mass murder and
waging war against India, while acquitting two other accused,
Fahim Ansari and Sabahuddin Ahmed for want of evidence, in the
November 26, 2008 attacks on the city. Kasab is the lone surviving
gunman from the attacks that killed 166 people. He has been given
the death sentence.
In a significant development, Pakistan, on May 30, 2010, withdrew its
objection to construction of Uri-II and Chutak hydel power projects in
Jammu and Kashmir. At the Indus Water Commissioner-level talks in New
Delhi, the Pakistani side said it had no objection to the designs of the two
power projects after the Indian side provided details of these.
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On May 7, 2010, Britain woke up to a hung Parliament, an election
outcome that this country last experienced in 1974 when the then
Prime Minister Edward Heath tried and failed to persuade the
Liberal Party to join him in a coalition. The Conservatives underDavid Cameron emerged as the single largest party with 306 seats
in the 650-member House of Commons, while Labour bagged 258
and Lib Dems 57.
On May 24, 2010, South Korea announced steps to tighten the vice on the
Norths already stumbling economy in punishment for sinking one of its
navy ships, with both sides stepping up their war-like rhetoric.
India is ranked 73 in the list of 77 nations rated for the best placeto be a mother, according to a report by child rights organisation
Save the Children. What is more shocking in the State of the
World's Mothers 2010 report is that India is rated much lower
than a host of conflict-ridden African countries like Kenya and
Congo. China is at 18th place, Sri Lanka at 40, while Pakistan lags
behind India at 75th place. Bangladesh, featured in the list of 40
least developed countries, is ranked 14. The report analysed a total
of 166 countries, among which Sweden is placed at the top while
Afghanistan is at the bottom.
A survey of slums in cities and towns with a population of over one lakh as
per the 2001 Census, says there are 189 cities and towns in India with big
slums. Andhra tops the listit has 36 cities and towns with a slum
population of 50,000 and above. It is followed by Maharashtra with 26,
Uttar Pradesh (25), West Bengal (21) and Madhya Pradesh (15).
The world's first gold vending machine has been set-up in a hotel in
Abu Dhabi in the UAE. The 'Gold To Go' machine gives out 1, 5 and
10 gram gold bars as well as gold coins.
National Technology Day is observed on May 8.
In a rating of 423 cities, done by the Union Urban Development
Ministryto check their access to proper sanitation facilities, how
the solid waste is managed and quality of drinking water
Chandigarh has been ranked on the top of the list, followed by
Mysore, Surat, New Delhi, Tiruchirrapalli and Jamshedpur. Charu
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(Rajasthan), Lakhimpur (UP), Pilibhit (UP) and Srinagar (J&K)
were listed among the bottom ten.
Vienna has retained its ranking as the place offering the best quality of
living in the world in an annual survey which was dominated by Europeancities. Bengaluru remains the best placed among Indian cities in the global
list at 140th rank. New Delhi climbed to 143 rank from 145th slot in 2009.
Mumbai moved up four places to 144th rank.
Sahara India has won the sponsorship rights of Indian cricket team
till 2013.
The 11th International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) awards were held in Sri
Lanka.
India observed May 21 as Anti-Terror Day to mark former Prime
Minister Rajiv Gandhis assassination on May 21, 1991.
The Reserve Bank of India has decided to increase the cash withdrawal
limit for ATMs to Rs one lakh in a single day.
JUNE
On June 5, 2010, the Union government made it mandatory for all listedcompanies to have a minimum public float of 25 per cent. Those below this
level will have to get there by an annual addition of at least 5 per cent to
public holding. The move is expected to result in equity dilution of about Rs
1,60,000 crore by 179 listed companies. These include Reliance Power,
Wipro, Indian Oil Corporation, DLF and Tata Communications.
On June 7, 2010, nearly 26 years after the world's worst industrial
disaster left more than 15,000 dead in the Bhopal gas tragedy,
former Union Carbide India Chairman Keshub Mahindra and seven
others were convicted and sentenced to two years imprisonment.
The 89-year-old Warren Anderson, the then Chairman of Union
Carbide Corporation of USA, who lives in the United States, appears
to have gone scot free for the present as he is still an absconder
and did not subject himself to trial. There was no word about him in
the judgement.
The Union government has given national oil companies, Oil and Natural
Gas Corp (ONGC) and Oil India Ltd (OIL), freedom to price any additional
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natural gas produced from blocks given to them on nomination basis at
market rates. So far, all gascurrent and futureproduced from blocks
given to ONGC and OIL was priced at government-controlled rates, called
administered price mechanism (APM).
On June 25, 2010, the Union government announced that prices of
petrol and diesel would become market-driven, in line with the
recommendations of a panel headed by former Planning
Commission member Kirit Parikh.
On June 1, 2001, Jharkhand came under Central rule with President
Pratibha Patil accepting a recommendation of the Union Cabinet after the
Congress and the BJP gave up efforts to form an alternative government
following resignation of Chief Minister Shibu Soren.
On June 28, 2001, India and Canada signed a civil nuclear
cooperation agreement. The pact was signed during Prime Minister
Manmohan Singhs visit to Canada. The deal, the ninth signed by
New Delhi, significantly alters Canadas stance towards India. The
North American nation had led the world in pushing for nuclear
isolation after the 1974 tests in Pokhran. The US, France, Russia,
Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Argentina, Namibia and Britain are the eight
countries that have already signed similar pacts with India.
On his maiden visit to an Asian country as the President of South Africa,
Jacob Zuma was given a rousing reception by the Indian leadership on June
4, 2010, as the two countries signed three key pacts, including one on air
services, and agreed to support each others candidature for the non-
permanent seat at the UN Security Council for the 2011-2012 term.
Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa visited New Delhi on June
9, 2010. During his talks with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, he
sought to cool down tempers in India over the plight of Tamils in
his island nation by promising to quickly resettle displaced Tamils
and expedite a political solution to the ethnic issue.
Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, who ended five decades of
single-party rule when he swept to power in August 2009, but stumbled
when he confronted a long-time ally, the United States, resigned on June 2,
2010. Hatoyama quit at a meeting of leaders of the Democratic Party of
Japan in Tokyo, becoming the fourth straight Japanese leader to leave after
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a year or less in office. Mr Naoto Kan succeeded Hatoyama as the new
Prime Minister.
Nepals Prime Minister announced his resignation on June 31, 2010,
bowing to pressure from opposition Maoists who had beendemanding his ouster in Parliament and on the streets. Prime
Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal said in a televised speech that he
decided to resign to end political deadlock and shore up the peace
process.
On July 1, 2010, the US House of Representatives approved a landmark
overhaul of financial regulations. The Bill would impose tighter regulations
on financial firms and reduce their profits. It would boost consumer
protections, force banks to reduce risky trading and investing activities andset up a new government process for liquidating troubled financial firms.
Russia sent hundreds of paratroopers to Kyrgyzstan on June 13,
2010 to protect its military facilities as ethnic clashes spread in the
Central Asian State, bringing the death toll from days of fighting to
97. Ethnic Uzbeks in a besieged neighbourhood of Kyrgyzstans
second city Osh said gangs, aided by the military, were carrying out
genocide, burning residents out of their homes and shooting them
as they fled. Witnesses saw bodies lying on the streets.
A Summit meeting of Leaders from the Group of 20 economic powers was
held in Toronto, Canada on June 28, 2010. The leaders agreed to halve
deficits by 2013 and stabilise or reduce the government debt-to-GDP ratio
by 2016. At the same time, the bloc left it to individual countries to decide
on levying taxes on banks or adopting other means to fund future bailouts.
Equity markets across the world made handsome gains on June 21,
2010, after China announced plans to make its currency, the yuan,
more flexible against the dollar. Indias benchmark equity index,
the Sensex, and the broad-based Nifty today touched their highest
levels in more than two months.
On June 9, 2010, the UN Security Council slapped sanctions on Iran over
its controversial nuclear programme, targeting the powerful Revolutionary
Guard, ballistic missiles, and nuclear-related investments, despite
opposition from Brazil and Turkey. In the 15-member Council, 12 countries,
including the US and Britain, voted in favour of the resolution, with
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Lebanon abstaining and Brazil and Turkey voting against.
Members of SAARC have pledged to step up coordinated action
against the common menace of terrorism, including steps to
apprehend or extradite persons connected with acts of terrorismand facilitate real-time intelligence sharing. The meeting of the
Interior Ministers of the South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation, held on June 27, 2010 in Islamabad, Pakistan, also
resolved to step up cooperation in real time intelligence-sharing
and to consider Pakistans proposal for creation of SAARCPOL, an
institution on the lines of Interpol.
On June 25, 2010, US President Barack Obama declared he had succeeded
in resetting the US-Russia relationship, which he said had reached itslowest point since the Cold War at the end of George W. Bushs term in
office. Obama was speaking to reporters in the East Room of the White
House following meetings with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev.
Medvedev, meanwhile, agreed to allow a resumption of US poultry exports
to his country which Russia had banned earlier in 201, claiming that a
chemical used in the US violated its food safety rules.
A long-awaited inquiry into the 1985 Air India Kanishka bombing,
which killed 329 persons, mostly of Indian origin, has blamed theCanadian government for its failure to prevent the tragedy and
recommended the appointment of a powerful security czar to
resolve disputes between conflicting interests among security
agencies. Years of criminal investigation have yielded just one
conviction, for manslaughter, against a British Columbia mechanic
Inderjit Singh Reyat, who assembled bomb components.
On June 27, 2010, G-8 leaders met in Totonto, Canada for their annual
Summit meeting. The leaders decided to drop a commitment to complete
the troubled Doha trade round in 2010 and vowed to push forward on
bilateral and regional trade talks until a global deal could be done.
Indian consumers are the greenest in the world, according to a
global survey of 17 countries. Brazil is ranked number 2, while US
consumers are ranked last, just below Canada.
Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) has become the first municipal body
of India to cash in on cutting down carbon emissions warming the planet. A
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municipal compost plant in south Delhi, run by the private sector ILFS
group, generated a first modest cheque of Rs 5 lakh in carbon emission
reduction (CER) credits for its plan to keep more than 9,000 tonnes of
carbon over the next 10 years by stopping methane leaks from garbage.
World Environment Day is celebrated on June 5.
World Day against Child Labour is observed on June 12.
World Blood Donor Day is observed on June 14.
Vaxiflu-S is Indias first indigenous vaccine to counter influenza-A H1N1,
also known as swine flu.
India is ranked a lowly 128 on 2010 Global Peace Index. Pakistan
(145) is placed among the five countries that were least peaceful.
India had ranked 122 in 2009. New Zealand was ranked the most
peaceful, followed by Iceland and Japan.
In June 2010, the Union government approved infusing of Rs 6,211 crore
into five public sector banksUnion Bank of India, Bank of Maharashtra,
IDBI Bank, UCO Bank and Central Bank of India.
JULY
The Reserve Bank India (RBI) has announced linking new branch licensing
to the number of rural branches that banks open.
With financial inclusion being a key agenda of both RBI and the
government, the central bank has decided to give private banks a
push to go rural. RBI, in its circular, said that banks should
allocate at least 25% of the total number of branches proposed to
be opened during a year in un-banked rural (tier 5 and tier 6)
centres. An un-banked rural centre would mean a rural (tier 5 and
tier 6) centre that does not have a brick-and-mortar structure of
any scheduled commercial bank for customer- based banking
transactions. Earlier banks were expected to reach most of the un-
banked customers through the use of business correspondents. The
new circular shifts the emphasis to a physical branch.
On July 28, 2011, the Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
announced that an entity buying 25 per cent stake in a listed firm will have
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to mandatorily make an offer to buy additional 26 per cent from public
shareholders. This is seen as an attempt to lure investment after mergers
and acquisitions fell 37 per cent.
Ending two decades of uncertainty in the Darjeeling hills, a historictripartite agreement for a new council with more powers was
signed on July 18, 2011, even as the West Bengal government ruled
out any division of the State. The new autonomous, 50-member
elected hill council will have more administrative and financial
powers to independently run the three hill sub-divisions of
Kurseong, Kalimpong and Darjeeling, as compared to its former
avatar, the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council, formed in the late 1980s.
While 45 members will be elected, the remaining five will be
nominated by the government.
On July 30, 2011, India and Bangladesh inked a key agreement aimed at
enhancing quality of border management and ensuring cross-frontier
security through measures like joint vigils to deal with human trafficking
and smuggling of drugs and weapons. India and Bangladesh share 4,096
km border, of which 6.1 km is still un-demarcated.
On July 25, 2011, Britain and India confirmed trade deals worth
billions of dollars between the two countries at talks in London.Britains Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne and his
Indian counterpart, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee, met in
London for discussions on boosting economic ties between the G-20
partners.
On July 27, 2011, at the talks between External Affairs Minister S.M.
Krishna and his young Pakistani counterpart Hina Rabbani Khar, New Delhi
extracted an assurance from Islamabad to fight and eliminate the scourge
of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. Refraining from rhetoric
with a clear intent to keep the dialogue process on track, India and
Pakistan also announced additional cross-LoC travel and trade confidence-
building measures (CBMs) and resolved to find a peaceful solution to the
Kashmir issue by narrowing down differences and building convergences.
On July 25, 2011, India signed a historic civil nuclear cooperation
agreement with South Korea, paving the way for the possibility of
Seoul exporting its atomic power plants. South Korea has now
become the ninth country which had signed nuclear agreement
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with India after it got the waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers Group
(NSG) in 2008. The other countries are the US, France, Russia,
Canada, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Argentina and Namibia.
The India-US strategic dialogue was held in New Delhi on July 18, 2011,during the visit of US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. A joint statement
issued after the strategic dialogue said the two sides covered a wide range
of bilateral issues as well as global developments during the four-hour
talks. The two countries also signed a MoU to promote closer cooperation
and the timely exchange of information between the organisations of their
respective governments responsible for cyber security.
In a far-reaching order to deal with the massive problem of
astronomical levels of black money stashed in secret overseasbank accounts, the Supreme Court, on July 4, 2011, directed the
government to set up a Special Investigation Team (SIT), headed
by former SC judges B.P. Jeevan Reddy and M.B. Shah, and disclose
the names of such bank account holders against whom show-cause
notices have been issued.
Karnataka Lokayukta Santosh Hegdes report on illegal mining, submitted
to the State government on July 27, 2011, accused Chief Minister B.S.
Yeddyurappa of corruption and asked the Governor to take action againsthim under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The report also names the two
Reddy brothers, Janardhana and Karunakara, both Cabinet ministers in
Karnataka, V. Somanna, also a member of the Yeddyurappa-led Cabinet,
JD(S) leader and former Chief Minister H.D. Kumaraswamy and Congress
MP Anil Lad.
The Central Board of Trustees of Employees' Provident Fund (EPF)
has appointed Reliance Capital Asset Management, along with HSBC
Bank, ICICI Securities and State Bank of India to manage its corpus
of Rs 3.5 trillion, for a period of three years.
Punjab, Kerala and Karnataka are now among the most urbanized States in
India, having more than 35 per cent of their population living in urban
areas. Uttar Pradesh has the maximum number of its people living in rural
areas; 55.5 crore people in UP live in rural areas. Mumbai tops the list of
places having maximum number of people in urban area at 5 crore.
Punjab has become the first State in India to start an integrated
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solid waste management programme in the entire State.
World Population Day is celebrated every year on July 11.
News of the World, 168-year-old newspaper of Britain, wasclosed down in July 2011, in a breathtaking response to a phone-
hacking scandal engulfing the media empire of Rupert Murdoch.
The Union Cabinet has cleared a massive hike of Rs 3 crore per MP in the
annual allocation of MPLAD fund that enables every MP to recommend
development works in his/her constituency. The allocation has been hiked
from Rs 2 crore per MP to Rs 5 crore per MP and will cost the exchequer an
additional Rs 2,370 crore annually.
Juba is the capital of the new nation of South Sudan which declared
independence on July 9, 2011.
Mumbai and Delhi are among the five cheapest places in the world,
according to the Worldwide Cost of Living survey. The five cheapest cities
are: Karachi (Pakistan), Tunis (Tunisia), Mumbai (India), Tehran (Iran) and
New Delhi (India), in that order. The five costliest places are: Tokyo
(Japan), Oslo (Norway), Osaka Kobe (Japan), Paris (France), Zurich
(Switzerland).
According to the UN Millennium Development Goals Report, as
many as 320 million people in India and China are expected to
come out of extreme poverty by 2015, while Indias poverty rate is
projected to drop to 22%, from 55% in 1990. Those living on less
than $1.25 a day are considered extremely poor.
The four-day fifth conference of SAARC Speakers and Parliamentarians was
held in New Delhi from July 9, 2011.
On July 8, 2011, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee launched a
new set of coins and Rs 10 notes bearing the rupee symbol. With
this India became the second country after England to have its
currency symbol printed on its notes.
National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a judicial body constituted to try all
matters related to environmental issues. The Tribunal is headed by Justice
L.S. Panta. The first sitting of NGT was held on July 4, 2011.
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AUGUST
On August 1, 2011, India assumed the monthly Presidency of the UN
Security Council after a gap of 19 years.
On August 29, 2011, the Reserve Bank of India released its much-
awaited draft guidelines for new banking licences, with the basic
message that it is looking for companies with diversified ownership
and less exposure to risky business such as broking and real estate.
The RBI has suggested a 49% limit on foreign shareholding and a
two-year deadline to list shares for new banks. According to the
draft, new banks total exposure to their founding groups should be
limited to 20%, with the exposure to a single entity capped at 10%.
The last time India issued a banking license was in 2004, to YesBank Ltd.
Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana rank among the top 10 States in a
report titled Sustainable Competitiveness Report 2011 for Indian States,
released by Marcus Potter, executive director, developing markets, RICS.
The report shows the ranking of Indian States in terms of the sustainability
of their growth story.
On August 27, 2011, the extraordinary 12th day of Anna Hazaresanti-corruption fast, the Parliament responded with extraordinary
grace to show what it could do to honour a crusaders urge. After
over eight hours of debate around the structure of the Lokpal Bill,
the Government and the Opposition in both the Lok Sabha and
Rajya Sabha came together to agree in-principle to the three
major demands the activist had raised in his letter to Prime
Minister Manmohan Singh as a condition to end his protest. In
doing so, the Parliament paved the way for the Gandhian to end his
fast.
On August 20, 2011, Bangladesh and India inked strip maps to demarcate
over 4,000-kilometre international border between the two neighbours, in a
bid to settle the long-standing frontier-related discord. This signing of the
strip maps containing the Bangladesh-India International border boundary
line coordination point will end an outstanding issue which remained
unresolved since 1947.
Maoist ideologue Baburam Bhattarai was sworn in as Nepals new
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Prime Minister on August 29, 2011. After taking over as the Prime
Minister he said that he would work to complete the fragile peace
process within six months and form a national unity government to
bring political stability in the nascent republic.
London picked itself up on August 7, 2011, from some of the worst violence
seen in the British capital in years, which politicians and police blamed on
criminal thugs but residents attributed to local tensions and anger over
rising financial hardship. The riots erupted after a street protest over the
fatal shooting of a man by armed officers and came amid deepening gloom
in Britain with the economy struggling to grow amid deep public spending
cuts and tax rises brought into help eliminate a budget deficit, which
peaked at more than 10 per cent of the GDP.
On August 1, 2011, for the first time, China blamed Uyghur
militants trained in Pakistan for the deadly violence in its restive
Xinjiang province which left at least 20 persons dead in two days.
While, it was no secret that China has been pressing Pakistan to
crackdown on ETIM militants for a long time, but perhaps this was
the first time that it chose to openly point finger at it, when
Islamabad is reeling under pressure being exhorted by the US to
carry out operations against Al-Qaida and Taliban.
The Parliament has permitted the government to mint coins of Rs 1,000
denomination. The Coinage Bill, 2009, passed by Rajya Sabha in August
2011, limits payment through coins up to Rs 1,000. The Lok Sabha had
passed the Bill without discussion in March.
It has been proposed to change the name of West Bengal to
Paschimbanga. The name change will become official after it is
cleared by the Parliament.
The Reserve Bank of Indias gross income for 2010-11 rose by 12.73 per
cent to Rs 37,070.12 crore, from Rs 32,884.14 crore a year ago, due to
increase in earnings from domestic assets.
India and South Africa have decided to increase two-way trade
between both the countries to $15 billion by 2014, from $10.64
billion now. The decision was taken at the India-South Africa CEOs
Forum, held in New Delhi in August 2011.
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SEPTEMBER
The Union Government has introduced in the Lok Sabha an amended
version of the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill 2011,
deleting from it the previously proposed provision to impose a blanket-ban
on the acquisition of multi-cropped, irrigated land. The new Bill, which, asand when it is passed, will replace the 117-year old Act of 1894 and will
allow acquisition of multi-cropped irrigated land as a last resort. The Bill
also provides that any land, not used within 10 years for the purpose for
which it was acquired, will be transferred to the States' land bank and upon
every such transfer, 20 per cent of its appreciated value will be shared with
the original land owner. The Bill, for the first time, ensures a
comprehensive compensation package for land owners and livelihood
losers. It proposes that market value calculated for the land will be
multiplied by a factor of two in the rural areas.
On September 6, 2011, India and Bangladesh signed a slew of
agreements and resolved their long-standing boundary dispute, but
failed to ink any water-sharing deal. Upset at India backing out of
the Teesta water-sharing treaty at the eleventh hour, following
West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjees refusal to endorse
the accord, Bangladesh retaliated by holding back the big-ticket
transit treaty that would have given the North-Eastern States in
India easier and faster access to the rest of the country. PrimeMinister Manmohan Singh, who arrived at Dhaka on a two-day visit,
sought to calm down tempers in Bangladesh over the Teesta
controversy by telling Sheikh Hasina that the two sides would
continue discussions on water-sharing accords to reach a mutually
acceptable, fair and amicable arrangement for the sharing of Teesta
and Feni river waters.
India and 25 other countries including the US, China, Russia and Brazil,
have opposed the European Unions plan to include aviation under its
emission trading scheme (ETS) and impose emission charges on airlines
flying into the region starting 2012. The EU-ETS, also known as the
European Union Emissions Trading System, is the largest multi-national
emissions trading scheme in the world. Under the EU-ETS, large emitters of
carbon dioxide, including airlines, within the EU must monitor and annually
report their carbon dioxide emissions. They are obliged every year to return
an amount of emission allowances to the government that is equivalent to
their carbon dioxide emissions in that year.
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World Heart Day is celebrated on September 29.
TRAI has renamed the National Do Not Call list as the National Consumer
Preference Registry.
SLINEX-II was the joint Indo-Lankan naval exercise held at the
Trincomalee navy base, 275 km east of Colombo, in September
2011.
Jammu & Kashmir has become the first State of India to get MY Stamp by
which people will get personalised stamps with their photographs on these.
The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), the
regulatory body which makes rules for food safety, hasrecommended the use of Stevia, a natural sweetener, for use in
carbonated water, soft drink concentrates, chewing-gums and
table-top sweeteners.
India and China launched their first economic dialogue in end-September.
Montek Singh Ahluwalia, deputy chairman of Planning Commission, led the
strategic dialogue from Indian side, with an aim to increasing Indian
investment in China and addressing the burgeoning trade deficit.
International Literacy Day is celebrated on September 8.
Former atomic energy commission chairman Anil Kakodkar has been made
head of the high-level committee to review railway safety.
The Union government has decided to reduce the lock-in period of
investment by FIIs in long-term infra bonds to one year.
OCTOBER
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has freed interest rates on savings deposits.
As per a rough estimate, about Rs 13 lakh crore of funds are parked in
savings bank. The interest on these accounts had been fixed at 4% even as
inflation was two-and-a-half times that level. Now savings rate deregulation
gives people an opportunity to shift to banks that come up with better
deals.
A new study on learning and teaching outcomes in government
schools of rural India has thrown up significant challenges for the
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Right to Education Act. It has found that in language and Maths,
children are at least two grades behind where they should be.
Besides, though the RTE Act stresses teacher qualifications
immensely, neither higher educational qualifications nor teacher
training are associated with better student learning. It is theteachers ability to teach that matters. Conducted by NGO Pratham,
which comes out with the Annual Status of Education Report
(ASER), the study tracked 30,000 children in Standard 2 and
Standard 4 in 900 schools spread over Andhra Pradesh, Assam,
Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Rajasthan.
Widening the scope of human rights, the Supreme Court has ruled that
peoples right to own property fell very much within the domain of human
rights. Pointing out that human rights were gaining a multi-faceteddimension, a Bench comprising Justices Dalveer Bhandari and Deepak
Verma observed that these rights had already covered the individual rights
such as right to health, right to livelihood, right to shelter and employment
etc.
On October 25, 2011, the UPA government cleared its ambitious
national manufacturing policy (NMP) that seeks to create a massive
100 million additional jobs in the manufacturing sector by 2025, as
well as create large sized industrial zones with easier complianceand labour laws. The new policy seeks to boost the stagnating
manufacturing sector to contribute at least 25 per cent of the
national GDP by 2025.
On October 21, 2011, the Planning Commission released the second India
Human Development Report (HDR) 2011, which records controversial
claims and a few surprises on income, education, health, literacy and
sanitation. The last India-specific report had come out in 2000. The report
claims that poverty, unemployment and child labour are declining, inter-
State disparities are getting narrower and that the improved Human
Development Index has been driven by strides made in education. It does
concede, however, that the absolute number of the poor (27 per cent
according to the report) stood at 302 million, compared to 320 million in
1973. Sixty per cent of the poor are still concentrated in Bihar, it holds.
Prepared by the Institute of Applied Manpower Research of the
Commission, the report claims that between 2000 and 2007, the Human
Development Index rose by 21 per cent, higher than 17 per cent recorded
by China during the same period and the 18 per cent estimated by the
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Global Human Development Report, 2010. The top five slots, states the
report, were occupied by Kerala, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Goa and Punjab
(same as in the last India HDR 2000). Haryana slipped two places from 7 to
9 while Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand improved a notch to finish
9th and 14th, respectively. For the six lowest HDI statesBihar, AndhraPradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and AssamHDI
improvement has been considerably above the national average.
On October 3, 2011, the Union government unveiled the draft
National Policy on Electronics, 2011, which aims at $400 billion
turnover in 2020 by the domestic industry and focuses on reducing
imports. It envisions creating a globally competitive electronics
systems design and manufacturing (ESDM) industry, including
nano-electronics, to meet the country's needs and serve theinternational market. It is aimed at making India the hub of
electronic manufacturing. The policy proposes setting up of over
200 electronic manufacturing clusters.
The draft national policy on information and communications technology,
2011, was unveiled by Telecom & IT Minister Kapil Sibal on October 7,
2011. It aims at increasing the revenues of the information technology and
IT enabled services (ITES) industry to US $300 billion by 2020. The focus
of the IT policy is on deployment of ICT in all sectors of the economy andproviding IT solutions to the world.
Disillusioned by Pakistans attitude and its hobnobbing with the
Haqqani network, Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai focused on
strengthening ties with India during his visit to New Delhi on
October 4, 2011. India and Afghanistan entered into a strategic
partnership under which India will, among other things, assist the
war-ravaged nation in training, equipping and capacity building
programmes for Afghan National Security Forces. The two countries
also concluded a MoU on cooperation in the field of development of
hydrocarbons and another on cooperation in the field of mineral
resource development.
Rolling out the red carpet for Myanmar President U Thein Sein, India, on
October 14, 2011, exhorted him to strengthen democratic transition in his
country in an inclusive and broad-based manner. During talks with the
visiting leader, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced the extension of
a new concessional facility of $500 million line of credit (LoC) for specific
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projects in the South-east Asian country. This is in addition to $300 million
line of credit already extended by India for the development of railways,
transport, power transmission lines and oil refinery there. Myanmar is
crucial for India as it shares nearly 1,600-km border with the north-eastern
States. It has helped India immensely in tackling north-eastern insurgentgroups. It also shares more than 2000-km-long border with China.
Traditionally considered any ally of Beijing, Myanmar recently suspended a
$3.6 billion China-backed dam project in Yangon.
Nepal's Maoist Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai arrived in New
Delhi on October 20, 2011a visit aimed at mending fences with
India and removing any misunderstandings, particularly over
Kathmandus increasing tilt towards China. India extended a 250
million Line of Credit (LoC) to Nepal and signed a key bilateralinvestment promotion and protection agreement (BIPPA).
India and Switzerland will start exchanging information on tax related
matters from 2012-13 after the new tax information exchange treaty is
ratified by the Swiss Parliament, paving way for obtaining data on black
money stashed there. The move comes at a time when the issue of black
money stashed in Swiss banks has become a major concern in India, with
political parties and civil society taking up the matter. The protocol
amending the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) between Indiaand Switzerland was concluded in New Delhi on August 30 2011. The
revised treaty would allow India to access tax related information from the
Swiss authorities with a prospective effect.
President of Vietnam, Mr Truong Tan Sang, visited New Delhi on
October 11, 2011 to further strengthen the ties between the two
countries. Un-fazed by Chinese threats, he said India and other
foreign nations were welcome to explore hydrocarbons in areas
within his country's jurisdiction, as he sought to deepen strategic
and defence ties with New Delhi.
Telecommunications Minister Kapil Sibal unveiled the draft National
Telecom Policy (NTP) 2011 on October 10, 2011. The policy not only seeks
to give the consumer the right to free roaming within the country but also
seeks to increase the countrys tele-density to 100 per cent by 2020 and
bring about transparency in spectrum allocation. The new policy also
proposes to introduce a stronger customer grievance redressal mechanism
and recognise telecom as an infrastructure sector, which will help ease
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credit flow to companies for funding roll-out plans or expansion activities.
On October 20, 2011, Muammar Gaddafi, who ruled Libya for 42
years was killed by fighters who overran his home-town and final
bastion Sirte. His bloodied body was stripped and displayed aroundthe world from a cellphone video. The dictator was captured
cowering in a drainage pipe full of rubbish and filth. Fiercely anti-
western and inspired by Egypt's President Nasser, he governed
according to his unique political philosophyset out in his Green
Bookbased on a combination of socialism and Arab nationalism.
The 2012 Commonwealth Summit concluded in Perth, Australia on October
30, 2011. The group collectively pledged to fight terrorism by preventing
the use of their territories for terrorist acts or financing and also vowed toaccelerate efforts to combat piracy and strengthening maritime security in
the Indian Ocean. The 54-nation bloc also committed to unequivocally
preventing the use of their territories for the support, incitement to
violence or commission of terrorist acts. They also agreed to work towards
implementing the necessary legal framework for the suppression of
terrorist financing, and preventing the raising and use of funds by
terrorists, their front organisations, and transnational terrorist
organisations. The 2013 CHOGM meet will be hosted by Sri Lanka.
The 5th IBSA Summit, which was held in Pretoria on October 18,
2011, came out with a declaration on major global issues with
focus on reforms of multilateral organisations, including the UN
Security Council, the IMF and the World Bank, to give greater voice
to emerging countries like India. On global governance reform, the
three leaders reaffirmed their commitment to increase the
participation of developing countries in the decision-making bodies
of multilateral institutions.
On October 31, 2011, Palestine won full admission into UNESCO, the United
Nations science, education and cultural heritage organization, in a closely
watched vote in Paris. Global diplomacy hands view the 107-14 vote as a
benchmark carrying larger implications for the Palestinians bid for State
recognition before the UN Security Council. Both the United States and
Israel have strongly opposed both initiatives. The United States, Israel,
Canada, Germany, Sweden and Australia were among the 14 nations voting
against the Palestinians UNESCO bid, while 107 countriesincluding
France, Spain, Ireland, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, India, Russia, China, South
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Africa and Indonesiavoted in favour. Fourteen nationsincluding the
United Kingdom and Italyabstained.
National Voluntary Blood Donation Day is celebrated on October 1.
International Day of Older Persons is celebrated on October 1.
The Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has renamed
the Lakhanpur-Jammu-Srinagar National Highway 1-A as the
Lakhanpur-Jammu-Srinagar National Highway 44. It is the lone
surface link between the Kashmir valley and rest of the country.
The Union government has planned to float seven mega zones to boost
manufacturing. These will be: Ahmedabad-Dholera (Gujarat), Shendra-Bidkin (Maharashtra), Manesar-Bawal (Haryana), Khushkhera-Bhiwadi
(Rajasthan), Dighi Port Area (Maharashtra), Dadri-Noida-Ghaziabad (Uttar
Pradesh) and Pithampur-Dhar-Mhow (Madhya Pradesh).
World Polio Day is observed on October 24.
Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Day is observed on October
21.
The Union government has announced setting up of National
Institute of Sports Science and Medicine (NISSM) at Jawaharlal
Nehru Stadium, New Delhi. The institute will aim at fostering the
disciplines of physiology, psychology, nutrition, biochemistry,
biomedical, anthropometry and sports medicine.
President Pratibha Patil unveiled a bust of Rabindranath Tagore at the
University of Lausanne in Switzerland on October 4, 2011, as part of the
Nobel laureates ongoing 150th birth anniversary.
Sudarshan Shakti was the massive joint exercise held by Indian
Army, with Air Force and Navy.
The World Food Day is observed every year on October 16. It was on this
day in 1945 that the Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations
came into being. The aim of the Day is to heighten public awareness on the
scarcity of food and strengthen movement against hunger, malnutrition and
poverty.
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Jugnu, a nano-satellite built by IIT, Kanpur, is Indias first
indigenously designed nano-satellite to be successfully placed into
its orbit. It was launched on October 12, 2011 by PSLV-C18.
NOVEMBER
On November 24, 2011, the Union Cabinet approved the Companies Bill,
2011, which aims to update corporate laws in the country and introduce
modern concepts like mandatory CSR and class action suits. Intended to
replace the existing half-a-century-old Companies Act, the Bill has
undergone several modifications in view of the Rs 14,000-crore Satyam
accounting fraud. Besides strengthening the provisions to check fraud, the
Bill has introduced ideas like mandatory corporate social responsibility
(CSR), class action suits and a fixed term for independent directors.
The Union Cabinet has given its approval for the Pension Fund
Regulatory and Development Authority Bill, which seeks to
establish an authority that will develop, promote and regulate old-
age income security. The Bill doesn't mention the extent of foreign
ownership to be allowed in Indian pension funds and in a cen
tral record-keeping agency. But in August 2011, the Finance
Ministry had proposed to cap foreign investment in the pensionsector at 26%, a suggestion accepted by a Parliamentary panel that
was examining the Bill.
Close on the heels of the world population crossing the 7 billion-mark, the
new Human Development Report of UNDP has revealed a major reason
behind Indias growing numbers. While we are worrying about high total
fertility rates (TFRs) of 2.6, new data points out that our adolescent fertility
rates (AFR) are even more shocking at 86.3. One of the main drivers of
high gender inequality in India, which has the poorest (129th) GenderInequality Index rank in South Asia (leaving aside Afghanistan which is
poorer at 141), high adolescent fertility rate reflects that our child marriage
prevention laws have simply not worked and our contraception prevalence
rate remains poor at 54%. Even Sri Lanka has a higher contraception
prevalence rate at 68%.
India is ranked 134th among the 187 countries assessed for their
performance in three key areas of human developmenteducation,
health and income. The UNDP Global Human Development Index(HDI) 2011 places Norway, Australia and The Netherlands on top of
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the charts, while Congo, Niger and Burundi fare the worst in the
annual rankings. Indias place remains unchanged because the
index includes 18 new countries this time as against just 169 in
2010, when India stood at rank 119. This year, though, India is
placed behind all its partners in BRICS, where Russia is the leaderat number 66, followed by Brazil at 84; China at 101 and South
Africa at 123.
During his visit to Male, on November 12, 2011, viewing the Indian Ocean
region as part of India's extended neighbourhood, Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh spelt out initiatives spanning student scholarships,
banking and finance credit lines worth $100 million, infrastructure projects
and security and climate change cooperation in his address to
PeoplesMajlis, the Maldivian Parliament. Making clear Indias interests inthis strategic chain of islands straddling key shipping and trade routes,
Prime Minister Singh told Peoples Majlis that The President and I have
signed a historic framework agreement on cooperation for development.
On November 22, 2011, Tunisia entered a new era of democracy
with the inaugural session of its democratically elected Constituent
Assembly, ten months after a popular uprising ended years of
dictatorship. The 217-member Assembly is the first elected body
produced by the Arab Spring. At the inauguration, the lawmakers,who will be tasked with drafting a new constitution and paving the
way to fresh elections, sang the national anthem as the session got
under way in the Bardo palace.
On November 30, 2011, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton arrived in
Myanmar on the first top-level US visit for half a century, seeking to
encourage a movement for change in the military-dominated nation.
Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, has surprised observers with a series
of reformist moves in the past year, including releasing opposition leader
Aung San Suu Kyi from house arrest and nominally ending decades of
military rule.
India beat China fair and square in a rare direct fight for a key post
in the UN, signalling that for all the display of Chinese hard power,
India retains a fair bit of international clout. India will now serve a
five-year term in the Joint Inspection Unit, the UNs only external
oversight body. Indias candidate A. Gopinathan, envoy to the UN in
Geneva, convincingly defeated the Chinese candidate, Zhang Yan,
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Chinas envoy to New Delhi, winning 106 votes against Zhangs 77.
China has held the post for the past 10 years. India will get the
post after 35 years.
Myanmar has won approval of ASEAN to chair Southeast Asias regionalbloc in 2014, in a reward for hints of reform from its new government after
decades of military rule. Despite warnings from the US that the move was
pre-mature, leaders of ASEAN handed Myanmar the diplomatic prize at
their summit held on the Indonesian island of Bali. Along with the ASEAN
chairmanship, the decision means Myanmar will host the East Asia Summit
in 2014, which brings ASEAN members together with US, China and Russia,
among others.
On November 17, 2011, China has warned Australia that it may becaught in the crossfire if the US uses new Australia-based
military forces to threaten its interests, a day after Canberra and
Washington renewed a defence pact. US President Barack Obama,
on his first official visit to Australia, had met Australian Prime
Minister Julia Gillard and unveiled plans to station 2,500 US
marines in the Northern Territory within five years.
A decade after the Taliban government was ousted from power, regional
leaders, on November 2, 2011, pledged to find ways to improve securityand economic development in Afghanistan as international combat forces
prepare to leave by the end of 2014. The one-day conference in Istanbul
followed the September assassination of an Afghan peace envoy and other
high-profile assaults in Afghanistan that have diminished prospects for a
negotiated settlement and intensified suspicion of Pakistani support for the
insurgency, an allegation that the Pakistans government denies.
Demanding an end to external interference in Afghan internal affairs, India
stressed on the need to eliminate safe havens and sanctuaries, a stand that
was reflected in the outcome document.
The 17th summit of the South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC) was held at the Addu atoll in Maldives. In its
26th year, SAARC has finally taken the shape of a cohesive
grouping of nations willing to cooperate in key areas to boost their
economic clout. The Addu Declaration that the leaders agreed upon
focused on the theme of Building Bridges. The leaders committed
to work towards a huge boost in intra-SAARC trade, improving air,
rail, motor and water transport connectivity between member
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countries and putting their heads together to solve common
developmental concerns. Four agreements were also signed that
included a rapid response mechanism to deal with natural
disasters, an agreement to establish a SAARC Seed Bank and two
agreements on harmonising regional standards for goods andproducts.
The island nation of Kirabati has become the first to declare that its
territory has become uninhabitable due to global warming. They have
asked for help to evacuate the population.
Buddhist sites in Sanchi have become the first blind-friendly world
heritage monuments of India. Special tactical walk-ways, signages
in Braille, beepers and Braile map will make the monuments,including the Stupa, come alive for the visually-challenged, who
will also be allowed to feel the grandeur in every sense.
National Integration Day is observed on November 19.
Vivek Express is the new weekly train that covers Indias longest
rail route from Dibrugarh in Assam to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu,
covering the distance of 4,286 km in approximately 83 hours. The
train was flagged-off on November 19, 2011.
The Union Finance Ministry has increased the investment limit for Foreign
Institutional Investors (FII) in government securities (G-secs) and
corporate bonds by $5 billion each, a move that will enhance capital flows
and increase the availability of resources for Indian corporate. FIIs can now
invest up to $15 billion in G-secs and $20 billion in corporate bonds.
Queenslands Gold Coast in Australia has been named as 2018
Commonwealth Games host.
Interest rate on post office savings has been hiked to 4%. PPF will now
fetch 8.6% return and investment limit has also been increased to Rs one
lakh per year.
National Education Day is observed on November 11, birthday of
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
November 7 is observed as the National Cancer Awareness Day.
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From April 1, 2012, the Reserve Bank of India has cut the validity of
Cheques and bank drafts to three months instead of the six months
earlier.
The Union Cabinet has cleared a new public procurement policy under
which central government departments and public sector undertakings will
give preference to small scale enterprises, including those belonging to
scheduled castes and tribes. The policy has set an annual target of 20%
procurement from micro, small and medium enterprises.
DECEMBER
In order to strengthen risk management mechanism, the Reserve Bank has
issued draft guideline envisaging that the equity capital of a bank shouldnot be less than 5.5% of risk-weighted loans. Besides, it also recommends
Tier 1 capital comprising pure equity and statutory and capital reserves
must be at least 7% and total capital must be at least 9% of RWAs. RBI
has also suggested setting up of the capital conservation buffer in the form
of Common Equity of 2.5% of RWAs. It is proposed that the
implementation period of minimum capital requirements and deductions
from Common Equity will begin from January 1, 2013 and be fully
implemented as on March 31, 2017.
Eleven hours after an often stormy debate, the Lok Sabha passed
the Lokpal & Lokayukta Bill, 2011 on December 27, 2011, after
incorporating several amendments. But the UPA suffered a setback,
and a major embarrassment, when the government failed to muster
two-thirds majority of the Members present and voting in the
House, which turned down the proposal to confer Constitutional
status to the Lokpal. On December 29, however, the Parliament lost
the historic opportunity to enact the Lok Pal law when an
embarrassed government was forced to beat a hasty retreat in the
Rajya Sabha, lacking the numbers to push through the Lokpal and
Lokayukta Bill. A total of 185 amendments were moved by different
parties and what weighed in the minds of UPA managers was that if
the amendments were carried the legislation then would have to go
back to the Lok Sabha. If the Lower House was to reject the
amendments, it would have necessitated a joint session of the
Parliament.
On December 27, 2011, Lok Sabha passed the Whistleblowers Protection
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Bill which seeks to provide for setting up a regular mechanism to
encourage persons to disclose information on corruption or wilful misuse of
power by public servants, including ministers. The Bill also seeks to provide
adequate protection to persons reporting corruption or wilful misuse of
discretion that causes demonstrable loss to the government or commissionof a criminal offence by a public servant. While the measure sets out the
procedure to inquire into the disclosures and provides adequate safeguards
against victimisation of whistleblowers, it also seeks to provide punishment
for false or frivolous complaints.
The Citizens Charter Bill, called the Right of Citizens for Time-
bound Delivery of Goods and Services and Redressal of their
Grievances Bill, 2011, was introduced in the Lok Sabha on
December 20, 2011. It envisages the Right to Service under whichevery individual citizen shall have the right to time-bound delivery
of goods and provision of services and redress of grievances.
Brushing aside fears of food scarcity and inflation, the Union Cabinet, on
December 18, 2011, cleared the much-awaited National Food Security Bill,
taking the Manmohan Singh government a step closer to fulfilling the
promise made to the Aam Admi in the Congress manifesto for the 2009
Lok Sabha election. Under the proposed landmark law, the government
would provide rice at Rs 3 per kg and wheat at Rs 2 per kg to all peopleliving below the poverty line (BPL) across the country. The law is aimed at
providing access to food to 75 per cent of the rural population and 50 per
cent of the urban households by subsidising foodgrains sold to them.
Child survival strategies are beginning to pay dividends with India,
for the first time ever, reporting a consecutive drop of three points
in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) for the second year in a row. The
countrys latest IMR is 47 as against 50 in 2009, indicating a
reduced mortality of three infants per 1000 live births. If this rate
of drop is sustained, India could achieve the target of bringing
down infant deaths to 30 by 2015, as planned.
Prime Minister of Japan, Yoshihiko Noda visited India on December 28,
2011. He held wide-ranging talks with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on
bilateral issues as well as international developments. In a significant
departure from its long-standing policy, Japan today said it was not
insisting on India signing the CTBT as a prerequisite for nuclear cooperation
between the two countries and indicated it was open to hold talks with New
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Delhi on exporting military technology to India.
India and Russia signed a slew of agreements in the fields of
military, energy and trade during Prime Minister Manmohan Singhs
three-day visit to Moscow from December 15, 2011. His visit camein the midst of a political unrest in Russia over allegations of
rigging in the recent Parliamentary elections. The Russian
leadership was keen to go ahead with the visit for the annual India-
Russia Summit lest its postponement sends wrong signals to the
world.
On December 19, 2011, North Korea announced the death of supreme
leader Kim Jong Il and asked its people to rally behind his young son and
heir-apparent, while the world watched for signs of instability in a nationpursuing nuclear weapons. South Korea launched a high alert for its
military as it faces the Norths 1.2 million-strong armed forces, while
President Barack Obama and South Korean President Lee Myung-bak
agreed to closely monitor the events and cooperate.
On December 12, 2011, Canada became the first country to
announce it would withdraw from the Kyoto protocol on climate
change, dealing a symbolic blow to the already troubled global
treaty. Canada, a major energy producer which critics complain isbecoming a climate renegade, has long complained Kyoto is
unworkable precisely because it excludes so many significant
emitters.
On December 11, 2011, UN climate negotiators, who had gathered in
Durban, South Africa, struck a compromise deal on a roadmap for an
accord that will, for the first time, legally force all major carbon emitters to
cut greenhouse gas emissions, ending days of wrangling between India and
the EU over the fate of the Kyoto protocol. While the new pact to be
finalised till 2015, will, for the first time, bring India and China under the
ambit of a legal mechanism guiding emission cuts, the accord will come
into effect only from 2020. The pact on tackling climate change must be
completed by 2015, and talks on the new legal deal covering all countries
will begin next year, when Kyoto Protocol expires.
On December 5, 2011, the United States and other nations vowed
to keep supporting Afghanistan after most foreign forces leave the
country in 2014, as the nation faces an enduring Taliban-led
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insurgency and possible financial collapse. The international
community has much to lose if the country again becomes a
source of terrorism and instability, US Secretary of State Hillary
Rodham Clinton said. The Bonn conference was focused on the
transfer of security responsibilities from international forces toAfghan security forces during the next three years, long-term
prospects for international aid and a possible political settlement
wit