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California Test 360

STATE OF CALIFORNIABUSINESS, TRANSPORTATION AND HOUSING AGENCY July 1998

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONENGINEERING SERVICE CENTERTransportation Laboratory5900 Folsom BoulevardSacramento, California 95819-4612

METHOD OF TEST FOR SURFACE ABRASION OFCOMPACTED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES

CAUTION: Prior to handling test materials, performing equipment setup s, and/ or condu cting th is

method, testers are required to read SAFETY AND HEALTH in Section G o f thismethod. It is the resp onsibility of th e user of th is method to consult and use

departm ental safety and health practices and determine the app licability of regulatory

limitations before any testing is performed .

A. SCOPE

The surface abrasion test measures the

ability of a comp acted bituminou s mixture to

resist surface abrasion or raveling in the

presence of water.

B . A PP AR AT US

1. An oven capable of maintaining tempera-

tures up to 110 3C.

2. A m echan ica l shaker , w it h a t ta chm en t s

to contain the mold an d sam ple, having a

25 3 mm v ert ical stroke, and able to

operate at 20 0.2 Hz. See Figure 1.

3. Eight s tee l ba ll s. Each bal l sha ll have a

mass of 4.5 0.3 g and an ap pr oximate

diam eter of 10.3 mm.

4. Rubber gaskets having an outside

diameter of 101 0.6 mm , an inside

diameter of 82.6 0.6 mm and ap proxi-

mately 1.6 mm th ick.

5. A steel surface abrasion test mold

assembly having a diameter of 101.6

0.13 mm , a heigh t of 127 0.3 mm , and

a built-in shoulder that provides a

constant bou nce space of 76.2 3.2 mm .

See Figu res 2 through 6.

6. A base assembly fixture which wil l hold

the mold during base installation and

rem oval. See Figure 5.

7. A g r adua ted cyl inde r hav ing a capacit y

of 250 mL.

8. Circular aluminum pans having a

nominal diameter of 190 mm and a dep th

of 63.5 mm.

9. A polye th lylene wash bot tle having a

minimu m capacity of 500 mL.

10. A balance hav ing a cap acity of 4500 g

and a sensitivity of 0.1 g.

11. A compactor assembly including th e

following: a compactor, steel molds, a

mold holder, cardboard discs, a testing

ma chine, a follow er ram, a mechan ical

spader or feeding trough, a fla t me tal

scoop, a 12.5-mm sieve and a height

measuring device as described in

California Test 304.

C. MIXING AND FABRICATION

Batch four 1-kg sam ples as follows:

1. M ix and cu r e t he a spha lt and aggr ega te

in accordan ce w ith Califor nia Test 304,

Part 1.

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2. Bring the mixture to a temperature of

110 3C for comp action.

NO TE: If a l iquid a sphalt is used, bring

the mixture to a temp erature of 60 3C

prior to compaction.

3. Place a mold , prehea ted to the

compaction temperature, in the mold

hold er. Position th e mold assembly

in th e mech anical spad er. Place a

6-mm thick shim u nder the mold adjacent

to the base portion of the mold holder

that extends up into the mold. Place a

100-mm diameter cardboard disc on top of

the mold h older base.

N OTE: In lieu of using a mechan ical spad er

in Section C-3, han d sp ad ing may be used asd escribed in California Test 304, Part 2.

4. Weigh 1000 g of mixture as a pilot

sample to determine the quantity of

material needed to achieve the required

specimen height.

5. Separa te the mixture by screening th e

fine material through a 12.5-mm sieve

onto a flat m etal scoop.

6. Arrange the separated material in to two

p ar allel rows across the w idth of th e

scoop.

7. P lace the m ix on the feede r be lt of t h e

mechanical spad er, exercising care to not

disrupt the size arrangement from the

previous step.

8. Start the mechanical spader and continue

until all the material has been

distributed into the compaction mold .

9. Place the mold holder , containing the

mix and the mold, into position in th e

mechanical compactor.

10. App ly 100 tamps at 2.41 MPa using

the procedure described in California

Test 304, Part 2.

11. Remove the mold and specimen from the

holder and place them on the press.

12. App ly a level ing-off load of 56 kN at a

rate of 6.4 0.05 mm / min. When this is

achieved, release the load immed iately.

NOTE: If th e testing machine has a

spherically seated upper head, use propershims to lock the device in p lace. Make sure

the contact face is firmly positioned in a

horizontal plane.

13. Measure and record the height of the test

specimen to th e nearest 0.1 mm , and

calculate the m ass necessary to achieve a

50.8 3-mm high specimen.

14. Eject th e test specimen from th e mold,

allow it to cool to room temperature,

and determine the specific gravity

as described in Califor nia Test 308,Method B.

15. Prepare the remaining thr ee specimens

for testing as follows:

a . Using the mass establi shed in

Section C-13, prepare and compact

the mix according to Sections C-5

throu gh C-12.

b. Let the compacted specimen remain

at 25 2C for a minimu m of 1 h prior

to the soaking period.

c. Place the mold in an a luminum pan

and p our 500 mL of w ater on th e

specimen. Allow the items to stand

undisturbed at room temperature

25 2C for 16 1 h .

D . T ES T P RO CE DU RE S

1. After the soaking period, pour off and

save the water and remove the specimen

from the mold.

2. Inver t the abras ion t est mold and p lace

the rubber gasket against the build-in

shoulder.

3. Inser t the bot tom of the specimen against

the rubber ring so th at it will be abraded .

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4. Screw the base on the bot tom of the mold

to f irmly h old the specimen, th en p lace

the mold in an up right position.

5. Pour 250 mL of the retained water on the

specimen.

6. Place e ight c lean s tee l ba ll s in the mold

assembly.

7. Fasten th e mold in place on the

mechanical shaker.

8. Shake the sample at 20 0.2 H z for

15 min 5 s at 25 2C, then remove i t

from the m echanical shaker.

9. Remove the s teel bal ls and pour th e

contents from the testing mold into atared aluminum pan. Using the w ash

bottle, w ash all loosened fines into th e

dry, clean pan .

10. After 1 h, decant as much of the clear

water as p ossible.

11. Place the pan in an oven at 110 3C and

dry the contents to a constant m ass.

12. Weigh the pan with the abraded

material, subtract the pan tare and record

the d ifference as gram s of abrasion loss.

13. Repeat Sections D-1 throu gh D-12 for the

rem aining test specimens. Average th e

results of the three tests.

E . P RE CA UT IO NS

The mass of the steel balls will chan ge w ith

usage. Period ically weigh each ball and

discard those not within the specified

tolerance.

Routin ely check the mechanical sh aker for

compliance to the stroke and frequency

requirements.

F. REPORTING OF RESULTS

Report the abrasion loss to the nearest

1 g/ mm2.

Reported Loss =L

5270 mm2

Wher e :

L = Average ab rasion loss of three testsreported to th e nearest 1 g. See

Section D-13.

G. SAFETY AND HEALTH

Personnel should use heat resistant gloves

when working w ith hot ma terials. Use

prop er lifting techniques w hen h and ling bags

of aggregate. Reasonable care should be

exercised to avoid being burned by hot

asphalt, aggregate or equipment.

Caution m ust be exercised in th e operation ofthe compactor to prevent any object, other

than the sample itself, from interceding

between th e compactor foot and th e mold

at any time while the ram is in motion. The

clearance between the edge of the mold an d

the compactor foot is app roximately 2 mm.

The applied shearing force on the test

specimen could cause severe injury to body

extremities or dam age to equipmen t.

Caution shou ld be exercised in the operation

of the press to keep an y objects other than th e

sample and testing apparatus clear of the

loading head d uring the testing op eration.

Prior to hand ling, testing or d isposing of any

waste materials, testers are required to read:

Par t A (Section 5.0), Par t B (Section s: 5.0, 6.0

an d 10.0) and Part C (Section 1.0) of Caltran s

Laborator y Safety Manu al. Requirem ents for

proper safety equipment and disposal of

solvents are discussed in the above-noted

references. Users of th is method do so

at their own risk.

REFERENCES:Californ ia Tests 304 and 308

End o f Text (California Test 360 contain s 9 pages)

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FIGURE 1

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1

N ot to Scale

ASSEMBLY SECTION

LIST OF MATERIALS

No.

Required

Part

No. Descrip tion Mater ia l

1 1 Body N ickel Plated Steel

1 2 Cover Aluminum

1 3 Wear Plate Neoprene, Type A Shore Durometer 60 5, 114 mm Dia., 3.2 mm

Thick

1 4 Base N ickel Plated Steel

1 5 O Ring Neoprene 104 mm ID by 110.4 mm OD by 3.2 mm Dia.(Fabricated)

1 6 O Ring Neoprene 104.8 mm ID by 114.3 mm OD by 4.8 mm Dia.

1 7 Gasket Neoprene, Type A Shore Durometer 60 5 mm

8 8 Ball Bearing Steel 10.3 mm, 4.5 0.3 g

FIGURE 2

18

2

3

6

5

4

7

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82

LUGS, SILVERSOLDER IN PLACE,

2 AT 180

10

10

112.9 DIA.

101.6 0.13 DIA.

107 P.D. O RING

GROOVE 3.3 0.5 WIDE

X 2.3 0.5 DEEP

CHAMFER AT 45

RETAINING RING

HARDENED AND SILVER

SOLDER TO MOLD

CHAMFER AT 45

THREAD, MODIFIED

ACME, 0.47 THDS./mm

AT 119 mm P.D.

5

20

45 40

28.5

126.

71.3

47.5

25.4

8. 5

5. 5

102.9 DIA.

105.7 DIA.

114.0 DIA.

120.0 DIA.

BODY

108.0 DIA.

NOTE: All dimensions within

2 mm, unless otherwise stated.

FIGURE 3

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118 DIA.

5144

25.4

115 DIA.

130 DIA.

CHAMFER 1.5 mm

AT 45

FINISH O RING

CONTACT

SURFACE TO

32 RMS

THREAD, MODIFIED

ACME, 0.47 THDS/mm

AT 119 P.D.

NOTE: All dimensions within

2 mm, unless otherwise stated.

FIGURE 4

BASE

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165

145

72.5

16

16

150

75

MILL SLOT

13 mm WIDE

13

8 mm - DRILL THROUGHAND COUNTER SINK

115 DIA.

82.5

4034

20

6

BASE ASSEMBLY FIXTURE

NOTE: All dimensions within

2 mm, unless otherwise stated.

FIGURE 5

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NOTE: All dimensions within

2 mm , un less otherw ise stated.

GASKET

FIGURE 6

70 mmWEAR PLATE CEMENTED

IN PLACE 3.18 0.02 mm

THICK

13 mm

10.4 0.02 mm DRILL

THROUGH 2 PLACES

AT 180 7.50 B.C.

11 mm

3.2mm108 mm

216 mm

COVER

98.4-mm O.D.

89-mm I.D.

1.60 0.02 mm