CSOs AND AID CSOs AND AID EFFECTIVENESSEFFECTIVENESS

Is aid reducing poverty and Is aid reducing poverty and achieving development?achieving development?

Development strategies and program Development strategies and program effectiveness effectiveness – Human rights based and empowered Human rights based and empowered

developmentdevelopment

Aid management and deliveryAid management and delivery– Free for all competition, weak country Free for all competition, weak country

ownership, transaction costs and duplications, ownership, transaction costs and duplications, etc.etc.

Aid management and deliveryAid management and delivery

High Level Forum Rome on HarmonizationHigh Level Forum Rome on Harmonization

High Level Forum 2 in Paris on Aid High Level Forum 2 in Paris on Aid EffectivenessEffectiveness

High Level Forum 3 in Accra High Level Forum 3 in Accra

Ghana September 08Ghana September 08

High Level Forum to take stock of Paris High Level Forum to take stock of Paris Declaration implementationDeclaration implementation

CSO parallel processCSO parallel process– Monitoring implementationMonitoring implementation– Advocacy to strengthen governance and Advocacy to strengthen governance and

accountability processesaccountability processes– Advocacy to deepen aid effectiveness of Advocacy to deepen aid effectiveness of

donors and partnersdonors and partners

Paris declaration and donor Paris declaration and donor commitmentscommitments

56 commitments around 56 commitments around

Five principlesFive principlesOwnershipOwnership

HarmonizationHarmonization

AlignmentAlignment

Managing for development resultsManaging for development results

Mutual accountabilityMutual accountability

CSO concernsCSO concerns

Unprecedented broad range of Unprecedented broad range of commitments to reform aid system and aid commitments to reform aid system and aid deliverydelivery

However structured narrowly on aid However structured narrowly on aid delivery rather than broader framework of delivery rather than broader framework of development and human rightsdevelopment and human rights

CSO concernsCSO concerns

Commitments lack ambition, have low Commitments lack ambition, have low targets and unclear benchmarkstargets and unclear benchmarks

No commitments at all on such key issues No commitments at all on such key issues as tied aid, conditionality and as tied aid, conditionality and accountability of donorsaccountability of donors

Accra HLF3 Taking StockAccra HLF3 Taking Stock

HLF3 will take stock of implementationHLF3 will take stock of implementation– Monitoring surveyMonitoring survey– Generally low level of awarenessGenerally low level of awareness– Even lower level of commitmentEven lower level of commitment

Accra Action AgendaAccra Action Agenda

CSO and aid effectivenessCSO and aid effectiveness

Advisory Group of WP EFF on CSO and aid Advisory Group of WP EFF on CSO and aid effectivenesseffectiveness

To look into the two overarching functions of To look into the two overarching functions of civil society as development actors in the civil society as development actors in the broad sense, and more specifically in terms broad sense, and more specifically in terms of its role in promoting accountability and of its role in promoting accountability and demand for results.demand for results.

Advisory Group mandateAdvisory Group mandate

To facilitate a multi-stakeholder process that To facilitate a multi-stakeholder process that aims to clarify:aims to clarify:– The roles of civil society in relation to the Paris The roles of civil society in relation to the Paris

Declaration Declaration – CSO aspirations to deepen the wider national CSO aspirations to deepen the wider national

and international aid effectiveness agendasand international aid effectiveness agendas– Key considerations and principles that will be Key considerations and principles that will be

internationally recognized by all of the relevant internationally recognized by all of the relevant parties.parties.

Advisory Group mandateAdvisory Group mandate

To advise WP-EFF and the HLF Steering To advise WP-EFF and the HLF Steering Committee on the inclusion of Aid Committee on the inclusion of Aid Effectiveness and Civil Society as well as Effectiveness and Civil Society as well as other issues to deepen the aid effectiveness other issues to deepen the aid effectiveness agenda in the agenda of the Accra Forum, in agenda in the agenda of the Accra Forum, in a manner that builds on the Paris a manner that builds on the Paris Declaration.Declaration.

Advisory Group mandateAdvisory Group mandate

To prepare, in consultation with the Steering To prepare, in consultation with the Steering Committee, the WP-EFF and civil society Committee, the WP-EFF and civil society organizations, proposals on Aid organizations, proposals on Aid Effectiveness and Civil Society for Effectiveness and Civil Society for discussion as part of the Accra agenda.discussion as part of the Accra agenda.

AG expected outcomesAG expected outcomes

· Better understanding and recognition of the roles of · Better understanding and recognition of the roles of civil society organizations (CSOs) as development actors civil society organizations (CSOs) as development actors and as part of the international aid architecture, and and as part of the international aid architecture, and engagement of CSOs in general discussions of aid engagement of CSOs in general discussions of aid effectiveness (recognition and voice).effectiveness (recognition and voice). · Improved understanding of the applicability and · Improved understanding of the applicability and limitations of the Paris Declaration for addressing issues limitations of the Paris Declaration for addressing issues of aid effectiveness of importance to CSOs, including of aid effectiveness of importance to CSOs, including how CSOs can better contribute to aid effectiveness how CSOs can better contribute to aid effectiveness (applying and enriching the international aid (applying and enriching the international aid effectiveness agenda). effectiveness agenda). · Improved understanding of good practice relating to · Improved understanding of good practice relating to civil society and aid effectiveness by CSOs themselves, civil society and aid effectiveness by CSOs themselves, by donors and by developing country governments by donors and by developing country governments (lessons of good practice). (lessons of good practice).

Role of CSOsRole of CSOs

Role and responsibility of csosRole and responsibility of csos– The role of civil society as a pillar of The role of civil society as a pillar of

good governancegood governance– Its role in providing effective delivery of Its role in providing effective delivery of

development programs and operationsdevelopment programs and operations– Its role in the social empowerment of Its role in the social empowerment of

particular groups and the realization of particular groups and the realization of human rights. Social transformationhuman rights. Social transformation

As donors, as channels of assistance and As donors, as channels of assistance and as grassroots actors; as watchdogsas grassroots actors; as watchdogs

CSO Role as part of CSO Role as part of international aid architectureinternational aid architecture$14.7B US in 2005, equal to about $14.7B US in 2005, equal to about 14% of all Official Development 14% of all Official Development Assistance (ODA) or 18% of ODA Assistance (ODA) or 18% of ODA exclusive of debt cancellationsexclusive of debt cancellations DAC’s top 15 CSO DAC’s top 15 CSO fundersfunders ranged ranged between 6 to 34% of their bilateral between 6 to 34% of their bilateral ODA, totalling approximately $4.6 B ODA, totalling approximately $4.6 B USUS advocates and watchdogs of both advocates and watchdogs of both governments and donorsgovernments and donors

The role and recognition of the The role and recognition of the voice of CSOsvoice of CSOs

CSOs as development actors and as CSOs as development actors and as watchdogswatchdogs

Objective for greater development results Objective for greater development results and effectivenessand effectiveness

Policy dialogue at country and Policy dialogue at country and international levelsinternational levels

Commitments in the PDCommitments in the PD

In commitment 14, in which partner countries commit to In commitment 14, in which partner countries commit to “take the lead in coordinating aid at all levels in “take the lead in coordinating aid at all levels in conjunction with other development resources in conjunction with other development resources in dialogue with donors and encouraging the participation dialogue with donors and encouraging the participation of civil society and the private sector”of civil society and the private sector”In commitment 39, in which donors commit to “align to In commitment 39, in which donors commit to “align to the maximum extent possible behind central the maximum extent possible behind central government-led strategies or, if that is not possible, government-led strategies or, if that is not possible, donors should make maximum use of country, regional, donors should make maximum use of country, regional, sector or non-government systems”sector or non-government systems”In commitment 48, in which partner countries commit to In commitment 48, in which partner countries commit to “reinforce participatory approaches by systematically “reinforce participatory approaches by systematically involving a broad range of development partners when involving a broad range of development partners when formulating and assessing progress in implementing formulating and assessing progress in implementing national development strategies.”national development strategies.”

How apply PD to CSOs? What are How apply PD to CSOs? What are implications of PD?implications of PD?

Local ownership, alignment and Local ownership, alignment and partnershippartnership

Donor coordination and harmonization, Donor coordination and harmonization, and program-based approachesand program-based approaches

Managing for resultsManaging for results

Mutual accountabilityMutual accountability

Aid Effectiveness as Aid Effectiveness as relationshipsrelationships

Ownership, leadership and mutual accountabilityOwnership, leadership and mutual accountabilityFor csosFor csos– Between CSOs and the people they serve or Between CSOs and the people they serve or

represent represent – Between and among CSOs at country level and Between and among CSOs at country level and

beyondbeyond– Between Northern and Southern CSOs specificallyBetween Northern and Southern CSOs specifically– Between CSOs and governmentsBetween CSOs and governments– Between donors and CSOs.Between donors and CSOs.

Relationships entail:Relationships entail:

Sharing of resources in pursuit of mutually Sharing of resources in pursuit of mutually defined objectivesdefined objectivesNegotiations and practices regarding the use of Negotiations and practices regarding the use of those resourcesthose resourcesRegulatory frameworks specifying the Regulatory frameworks specifying the obligations, responsibilities and restrictions on obligations, responsibilities and restrictions on behaviour of the partnersbehaviour of the partnersKnowledge-sharingKnowledge-sharingPolicy dialoguePolicy dialogueAccountability relationshipsAccountability relationshipsTrust and legitimacy.Trust and legitimacy.

Partnerships of CSOs and Partnerships of CSOs and citizenscitizens

What characteristics of CSO operations enhance or limit What characteristics of CSO operations enhance or limit their effectiveness in pursuing development results on their effectiveness in pursuing development results on behalf of poor and otherwise marginalized citizens?behalf of poor and otherwise marginalized citizens?What is the relationship between these characteristics and What is the relationship between these characteristics and the aid effectiveness principles of local ownership, the aid effectiveness principles of local ownership, alignment and mutual accountability?alignment and mutual accountability?What strategies and systems might CSOs implement to What strategies and systems might CSOs implement to strengthen their various accountabilities, and to prioritize strengthen their various accountabilities, and to prioritize conflicting claims of accountability for the greatest conflicting claims of accountability for the greatest development effectiveness? development effectiveness? What can donors do to facilitate the implementation of What can donors do to facilitate the implementation of such strategies and systems?such strategies and systems?

Good practice - CSOs at country Good practice - CSOs at country levellevel

With reference to a particular country or region, how With reference to a particular country or region, how can the make up of civil society best be can the make up of civil society best be summarized? What are its strengths and summarized? What are its strengths and weaknesses and what sort of structures are in place weaknesses and what sort of structures are in place to promote more effective civil society intervention in to promote more effective civil society intervention in development over time?development over time?

With reference to a particular country or region, what With reference to a particular country or region, what sorts of collaborative arrangements are in place to sorts of collaborative arrangements are in place to ensure greater effectiveness in areas where ensure greater effectiveness in areas where collaboration can pay dividends, such as advocacy collaboration can pay dividends, such as advocacy work and policy dialogue?work and policy dialogue?

Good practice - CSOs at country Good practice - CSOs at country levellevel

What models of good practice can be identified that What models of good practice can be identified that strategically combine the advantages of strategically combine the advantages of decentralized or community-based efforts with those decentralized or community-based efforts with those of a larger programming perspective?of a larger programming perspective?

Taking CSO success or lack of in working together Taking CSO success or lack of in working together more programmatically as a starting point, what more programmatically as a starting point, what conditions helped to ensure (or undermine) those conditions helped to ensure (or undermine) those efforts, including those relating to the character of efforts, including those relating to the character of civil society itself in that particular context, and the civil society itself in that particular context, and the role that donor models of support may have played?role that donor models of support may have played?

CSOs from the North as donorsCSOs from the North as donorsWhat distinctions need to be made between Northern What distinctions need to be made between Northern and Southern CSOs with regard to the roles that they and Southern CSOs with regard to the roles that they play in development? How might those roles play in development? How might those roles complement each other more effectively? How do complement each other more effectively? How do Southern CSOs perceive the intermediations role Southern CSOs perceive the intermediations role often played by Northern CSOs, in terms of value often played by Northern CSOs, in terms of value added? added? What sorts of guiding principles might shape What sorts of guiding principles might shape international CSO aid partnerships to promote international CSO aid partnerships to promote relationships based on mutual learning and benefit, relationships based on mutual learning and benefit, mutual respect, and accompaniment of citizens’ mutual respect, and accompaniment of citizens’ initiatives in developing countries to further their own initiatives in developing countries to further their own development options? How might these principles development options? How might these principles relate to those of the Paris Declaration?relate to those of the Paris Declaration?

CSOs from the North as donorsCSOs from the North as donorsWhat is the feasibility and desirability of joined-up What is the feasibility and desirability of joined-up models of Northern-CSO support for CSO models of Northern-CSO support for CSO development programs in the South? What are some development programs in the South? What are some examples of good practice in this regard?examples of good practice in this regard?

What are the strengths and limitations of the INGO What are the strengths and limitations of the INGO model, involving reliance on INGO affiliates to deliver model, involving reliance on INGO affiliates to deliver programs in the South, and what measures might be programs in the South, and what measures might be taken either to enhance the contribution of such taken either to enhance the contribution of such organizations to development and better align them organizations to development and better align them with domestic priorities and systems, or to level the with domestic priorities and systems, or to level the playing field so that domestic CSOs capable of playing field so that domestic CSOs capable of making a qualitatively different type of contribution making a qualitatively different type of contribution are also encouraged to emerge and to thrive?are also encouraged to emerge and to thrive?

Role of governments in providing Role of governments in providing enabling environments and support for enabling environments and support for

CSOsCSOs

What specific examples of good practice exist in providing an enabling What specific examples of good practice exist in providing an enabling environment for CSOs and their effectiveness as development actors (re: environment for CSOs and their effectiveness as development actors (re: legislation, regulatory framework, tax regulation, means for participation, legislation, regulatory framework, tax regulation, means for participation, access to information, protection and exercise of civil and political rights)?access to information, protection and exercise of civil and political rights)?To what extent are the roles of CSOs and of elected bodies complementary To what extent are the roles of CSOs and of elected bodies complementary rather than competitive in different countries and regions? In what areas of rather than competitive in different countries and regions? In what areas of representation and advocacy are CSOS most active in different countries representation and advocacy are CSOS most active in different countries and regions, and internationally and what measures might be taken to and regions, and internationally and what measures might be taken to improve the contributions of civil society in that regard?improve the contributions of civil society in that regard?Looking at the division of labour between CSOs and government, in which Looking at the division of labour between CSOs and government, in which cases does a separation of efforts make the most sense? In which cases cases does a separation of efforts make the most sense? In which cases would enhanced collaboration be desirable, for example in the context of would enhanced collaboration be desirable, for example in the context of SWAps or other development programs intended to be relatively SWAps or other development programs intended to be relatively comprehensive in scope, and how might such collaboration be promoted?comprehensive in scope, and how might such collaboration be promoted?

Donor models of support for CSOsDonor models of support for CSOsConsidering that much donor support is currently channelled through Northern Considering that much donor support is currently channelled through Northern CSOs, what is the balance of advantages and disadvantages of channelling funds CSOs, what is the balance of advantages and disadvantages of channelling funds in this way? Should measures be taken to promote a greater share of funding to in this way? Should measures be taken to promote a greater share of funding to be channelled directly to Southern CSOs, and if so, how could the advantages of be channelled directly to Southern CSOs, and if so, how could the advantages of North-South CSO partnerships be maintained?North-South CSO partnerships be maintained?In specific countries and regions, what is the current balance between responsive In specific countries and regions, what is the current balance between responsive and more targeted or strategic forms of intervention? Does this balance seem and more targeted or strategic forms of intervention? Does this balance seem about right, or could alternative approaches be recommended, including strategies about right, or could alternative approaches be recommended, including strategies that would help to build up the capacity of civil society to add value to that would help to build up the capacity of civil society to add value to development processes, over time?development processes, over time?What features do models of donor support need to have in order to decrease the What features do models of donor support need to have in order to decrease the costs of uncoordinated, project-based funding, while addressing the multiple and costs of uncoordinated, project-based funding, while addressing the multiple and diverse needs of civil society in an increasingly strategic way? What are good diverse needs of civil society in an increasingly strategic way? What are good examples of this at the country level? examples of this at the country level? How can donors and CSOs “tell the story” of civil society’s contribution to How can donors and CSOs “tell the story” of civil society’s contribution to development in a convincing way?development in a convincing way?What sorts of results-management approaches and systems can best allow CSOs What sorts of results-management approaches and systems can best allow CSOs to strengthen their various accountabilities, and to accommodate conflicting claims to strengthen their various accountabilities, and to accommodate conflicting claims of accountability for the greatest development effectiveness? What can donors do of accountability for the greatest development effectiveness? What can donors do to facilitate the implementation of such approaches and systems?to facilitate the implementation of such approaches and systems?