cs 695 network management techniques1 data communications and network management overview
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CS 695 Network Management Techniques 1
Data Communicationsand
Network Management Overview
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 2
Outline
• Analogy of telephone network
• Data and telecommunication network
• Distributed computing environment
• Internet
• Protocols and standards
• IT management
• Network and system management
• Current status and future of network
management
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 3
Telephone Network
• Characteristics:• Reliable - does what is expected of it• Dependable - always there when you need
it (remember 911?)• Good quality (connection) - hearing each
other well• Reasons:
• Good planning, design, and implementation• Good operation and management of
network
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Telephone Network Model
Regional CenterClass 1 switch
Sectional CenterClass 2 switch
Primary CenterClass 3 switch
Toll CenterClass 4 switch
End OfficeClass 5 switch
Regional CenterClass 1 switch
Sectional CenterClass 2 switch
Primary CenterClass 3 switch
Toll CenterClass 4 switch
End OfficeClass 5 switch
Voice Voice
To otherRegional centersSectional centersPrimary centersToll centersEnd offices
To otherPrimary centersToll centersEnd offices
To otherClass 4 toll pointsEnd offices
Figure 1.1 Telephone Network Model
Legend:Loop
Direct Trunk
Toll-Connecting Trunk
Toll Trunk
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Operations Systems / NOC
• Monitor telephone network parameters• S/N ratio, transmission loss, call blockage, etc.
• Real-time management of network• Trunk (logical entity between switches) maintenance
system measures loss and S/N. Trunks not meeting QoS are removed before customer notices poor quality
• Traffic measurement systems measure call blockage. Additional switch planned to keep the call blockage below acceptable level
• Operations systems are distributed at central offices• Network management done centrally from Network
Operations Center (NOC)
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Data and Telecommunication Network
Terminal
Modem
Voice
Terminal
Modem Modem
Voice
Host
Data communication network
Telecommunication network
Figure 1.3 Data and Telecommunication Networks
Loop Loop Loop
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IBM SNA Architecture
Mainframe
Communicationscontroller
Communicationscontroller
Clustercontroller
Clustercontroller
Figure 1.5 IBM Systems Network Architecture Model
Workstation Workstation
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DCE with LANDCE.. Distributed Computing Environment
Ethernet
Workstation
Workstation
Host
Host
Workstation
(a) Hosts and Workstations on Local LAN
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LAN-WAN Network
LAN A LAN B
LAN C
Bridge /Router
Bridge /Router
Bridge /Router
WANcommunication link
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Client/Server Model
Client Server
Controltransfer
Controltransfer
Figure 1.7 Simple Client-Server Model
Request
Response
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Client/Server Examples
InternetworkingConfiguration
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Architecture, Protocols and Standards
• Communication architecture• Modeling of communication systems, comprising
• functional components and• operations interfaces between them
• Communication protocols• Operational procedures
• intra- and inter-modules• Communication standards
• Agreement between manufacturers on protocols of communication equipment on
• physical characteristics and • operational procedures
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 14
Communication Architecture
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 15
OSI Reference Model
OS
I Lay
ers
and
Ser
vice
s
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PDU Communication Model
PDU: Protocol Data UnitPCI: Protocol Control InformationUD: User Data
PDU = PCI + UDUDn = PDUn+1
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TCP/IP Based Networks
• TCP/IP is a suite of protocols• Internet is based on TCP/IP• IP is Internet protocol at the network layer level• TCP is connection-oriented transport protocol
and ensures end-to-end connection• UDP is connectionless transport protocol and
provides datagram service• Internet e-mail and much of the network mgmt.
messages are based on UDP/IP• ICMP part of TCP/IP suite
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Basic Networking Concept – OSI-TCP/IP Comparison
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 20
TCP vs UDP
Gateway
DTE : Data Terminating Equipment
T
N
DP
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SNA, OSI, and Internet
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Application Protocols
NM Case HistoriesNM Case Histories
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Common Network Problems
• Loss of connectivity (Link, Node, Interface)
• Duplicate IP address (Procedural)
• Intermittent problems
• Network configuration issues
• Non-problems
• Performance problems
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Challenges of IT Managers
• Reliability• Non-real time problems• Rapid technological advance• Managing client/server environment• Scalability• Troubleshooting tools and systems• Trouble prediction• Standardization of operations - NMS helps• Centralized management vs “sneaker-net”
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Network Management (NM)
Definition OAM&P of Network and Services OAM&P: Operations, Administration,
maintenance, and Provisioning)
Goal To ensure that the users of a network receive
the IT services with the quality of service (QoS) that they expect.
Top-down View of NM functions
NetworkManagement
NetworkProvisioning
Network Operations
NetworkMaintenance
Planning
Design
Fault Management
Trouble Ticket
Administration
Network Installation
Network Repairs
Facilities Installation
& Maintenance
Routine Network
Tests
Fault Management / Service Restoration
Configuration Management
Performance Management / Traffic Management
Security Management
Accounting Management
Reports Management
Inventory Management
Data Gathering & Analyses
Figure 1.21 Network Management Functional Groupings
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NM Functional Flow Chart
NOC: Network Operation Center
I&M: Installation & Maintenance
TTTrouble Ticket
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Management Functional Areas, MFAs
Management Functional Areas, MFAs)Fault ManagementConfiguration ManagementAccounting ManagementPerformance ManagementSecurity Management
ITU-T X.700ITU-T X.700
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FCAPS: The Industry Standard Definition for NM
Level F - Fault detection and correctionLevel C - Configuration and operationLevel A - Accounting and billingLevel P - Performance assessment and
optimizationLevel S – Security assurance and
protection
ITU-M.3400ITU-M.3400
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 32
(1) Fault Management
Fault Management (FM) Detection of a problem, fault isolation and
correction to normal operation.FM involves the following steps:
Discover the problem. Isolate the problemFix the problem (if possible) Use of Trouble-Ticket Systems
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Fault Management Functions
Maintain and examine error logsAccept and act upon error detection
notificationsTrace and identify faultsCarry out sequences of diagnostic testsCorrect faults
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 34
Fault Management
InternetInternet
RMONDevice
UNIX....
FDDI
UNIX PC
Firewall/ Router ....
...
....
...
PC UNIX
PC
UserUser DNS
MailServer
WWWServer
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 35
(2) Configuration Management
Configuration Management The process of finding and setting up
(configuring) network devices.
CM identifies, exercises control over, collects data from, and provides data to networked systems.
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 36
Configuration Management Functions
Set the parameters that control the routine operation of the networked system.
Associate names with managed objects and sets of managed objects.
Initialize and close down managed objects. Collect information on demand about the current
condition of the networked system. Obtain announcements of significant changes in
the condition of the networked system. Change the configuration of the networked
system.
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 37
Configuration Management : Auto Discovery
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 38
(3) Accounting Management
Accounting Management (AM) Tracking each individual and group user's
utilization of network resources to better ensure that users have sufficient resources.
AM enables charges to be established for the use of network resources, and the costs to be identified for the use of those network resources.
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 39
Accounting Management Functions
Inform users of costs incurred or resources consumed.
Enable accounting limits to be set and tariff schedules to be associated with the use of resources.
Enable costs to be combined where multiple resources are invoked to achieve a given communication objective.
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 40
(4) Performance Management
Performance Management (PM) Measuring the performance of network
hardware, software, and media.
Examples： Overall throughput Percentage utilization Error rate Response time
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Performance Management Functions
Gather statistical information.Maintain and examine logs of system state
histories.Determine system performance under
natural and artificial conditions.Alter system modes of operation for the
purpose of conducting PM activities.
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 42
(5) Security Management
Security Management (SM) The process of controlling access to information
on the networked system.
Security Management Functions The creation, deletion, and control of security services
and mechanisms. The distribution of security-relevant information. The reporting of security-relevant events.
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 43
Network Management Components
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Interoperability
NMSVendor A
NetworkAgent
NetworkAgent
NetworkObjects
NetworkObjects
NMSVendor B
NetworkAgent
NetworkAgent
NetworkObjects
NetworkObjects
Messages
Services & Protocols
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 45
Interoperability (cont.)
Services & Protocols
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 46
Network Management Model
Legend ：MA: Manager ApplicationsMO: Managed Objects
R: Real Resource
Network Network
AgentAgent
R
Communication Protocols
ManagerManager
MAMAManagement Management OperationOperation
ResponResponseseEvenEven
tt
Communication Protocols
MOMO
ManagementStation
NetworkElement
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 47
Components of Network Management
ManagerAgentNetwork Management ProtocolNetwork Management Information
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 48
Status and Future Trends
• Status: • SNMP management• Limited CMIP management• Operations systems• Polled systems
• Future trends:• Object-oriented approach• Service and policy management • Business management• Web-based management
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 49
Management Pyramid
Business ManagementBusiness Management
Customer ManagementCustomer Management
Service ManagementService Management
Distributed System ManagementDistributed System Management
Network ManagementNetwork Management
Element ManagementElement Management
Network Management
System Management
Applications Management
Service Management
Eneterprise Management
Data
Voice
Video
Multimedia
LANMAN
WANCorporate Network
VPNIN
Fault
Configuration
Accounting
Performance
Security
Planning
Installation
Operation
Change
Network TypesNetwork TypesNetwork TypesNetwork Types
Functional AreasFunctional AreasFunctional AreasFunctional Areas
StagesStagesStagesStages
Information TypesInformation TypesInformation TypesInformation TypesDisciplinesDisciplinesDisciplinesDisciplines
Management Scope Management Scope ??
CS 695 Network Management Techniques 51
Network Management Basics
InternetInternet
RMONDevice
UNIX....
FDDI
UNIX PC
Firewall/ Router ....
...
PollingPolling NotificationNotification
....
...
PC UNIX
PC
NMNMNMNM
network
RMONRMONDeviceDevice