cropping system dan crops-livestock production systems
DESCRIPTION
CROPPING SYSTEM dan crops-livestock production systems. Artharini I. Cropping system. Pola dan praktek penanaman dalam suatu lahan Monoculture vs polyculture. Cropping Systems. 1.Monoculture (one crop) 2. Polyculture (many crops) a) crops separated in time: crop rotation, cover crops - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CROPPING SYSTEMDAN CROPS-
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
SYSTEMSArtharini I
CROPPING SYSTEM Pola dan praktek penanaman dalam
suatu lahan Monoculture vs polyculture
CROPPING SYSTEMS 1. Monoculture (one crop) 2. Polyculture (many crops)
a) crops separated in time: crop rotation, cover crops
b) crops at same land and time: intercropping/mixed cropping
c) combinations: relay cropping
INTERCROPPING
INTERCROPPING
Smith et al., 2001
Row Mixed
TYPES OF INTERCROPPING Mixtures of crops (no rows) Alternate rows or strips Relay cropping – 2nd crop planted during
life cycle of first crop May have various combinations of
these !!
1.2. PEARL MILLET & GROUNDNUT3. BUCKWHEAT COVER CROP IN POTATO CROPPING SYSTEM
MULTILAYER CROPPING SYSTEM
MULTI STOREY CROOPING SYSTEM
FIG. 1. BARLEY, SOYBEAN, AND CORN CROPS IN A 15 FOOT STRIP INTERCROPPING SYSTEM IN NORTHEAST IOWA.
DETERMINING INTERCROP ADVANTAGE –LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO = amount of monocultured land needed
to produce same yield as intercrop
Photo: Thomas Wright Photo: P. E. Hildebrand
LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO = amount of monocultured land needed
to produce same yield as intercrop
LER = RY1 + RY2 =I1 I2---- + ----M1 M2
Yield of crop 2 grown as intercrop
Yield of crop 2 grown as monoculture
LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO = amount of monocultured land needed to
produce same yield as intercrop
If LER > 1 intercrop is more efficient If LER < 1 monoculture is more
efficient
LER = RY1 + RY2 =I1 I2---- + ----M1 M2
Yield of crop 2 grown as intercrop
Yield of crop 2 grown as monoculture
LER EXAMPLECorn Soybean
Corn monoculture
4000 0
Soybean monoculture
0 1000
Intercrop 3000 750
(kg/ha)
LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO
LER = RY1 + RY2 =I1 I2---- + ----M1 M2
Yield of crop 2 grown as intercrop
Yield of crop 2 grown as monoculture
Corn I/M = 3000/4000Soybean I/M = 750/1000
LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO
LER = RY1 + RY2 =I1 I2---- + ----M1 M2
LER = 3000/4000 + 750/1000 = 0.75 + 0.75 = 1.50Corn Soybean
LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO
LER = 3000/4000 + 750/1000 = 0.75 + 0.75 = 1.50Corn Soybean
1.5 ha of land needed to produce same amount through monoculture
0.5 + 0.5 is expected just based on land area
CROPS-LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION SYSTEM
SISTEM PRODUKSI TANAMAN & TERNAK Integrasi yg saling menguntungkan
antara :1. sistem tan. Pangan2. ternak3. tanaman pakan ternak
BAGAN INTERAKSI
TANAMAN PAKAN
TANAMAN PANGAN
TERNAKPUPUKPAKAN
PAKAN
PUPUK & TENAGA
MULSA
PUPUK & ME-I EROSI
Erosion Control
FUNGSI TERNAK Fungsi fisik : mghasilkan daging, susu, telur dsb Tenaga kerja : pengolahan lahan Manure ternak sbg pupuk, bahan bakar dan
bangunan Tabungan :
- long term saving- semi annual suplementary cash income (tambahan) : kambing, domba,babi- instant petty cash/home meat supply
Kelestarian lingkungan : penggunaan pupuk kandang sebagai pupuk untuk mencegah degenerasi lahan dan menjaga ekosistem tanah
TUJUAN PEMELIHARAAN TERNAK Akumulasi modal Menguragi resiko, ternak < usahatani
tanaman Menyediakan jasa (tenaga
kerja,pupuk,bahan bakar) Sumber penghasilan Menyediakan makanan (produk ternak) Meningkatkan status/prestise petani Memenuhi kebutuhan kultural (sesajen,
kurban,dll)
SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Integrated tree cropping system Silvi pastural system/agroforestry
system Intercropping (food-food intercropping) Companion crop (food-feed
intercropping) Alley cropping Relay cropping Live fence system Three Strata Forage system
SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Integrated tree cropping system
Sistem penanaman tanaman pohon secara terpadu. Contoh :1. penanaman tmt (rumput dan legum) di
perkebunan kelapa2. penanaman tmt semak atau pohon
sebagai naungan di perkebunan kopi dan kakao atau vanili
SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Silvi pastural system/agroforestry
systempenanaman tmt bersama-sama dengan tanaman hutan atau penanaman tanaman hutan yg bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak.Contoh :- Penanaman sesbania, leucaena,
akasia,albizia di hutan- Penanaman rumput dibawah/sela2 tan.
hutan
SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Intercropping (food-food
intercropping)= tumpang sari = penanaman tan. Pangan secara bersama2 dg tan. Pangan lainContoh :- tan. Padi dan jagung- ketela pohon dengan jagung- kedele dengan jagung- kedele dengan ketela pohon
SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Companion crop (food-feed
intercropping)penanaman ta. Pangan bersama-sama dg tmt.contoh :- padi gogo dengan jagung sbg pakan ternak- padi-jagung dg stylo/desmodium
SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Alley cropping
penanaman tan.pangan / hortikultura diantara 2 baris tmt
Relay croppingSistem penanaman dimana satu tan. Ditanam sblm tan. yg lain (pertama) dipanenContoh :- padi/jagung dg kedele/kcg hijau- ketela pohon dg jagung/padi gogo
SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Live fence system
Penanaman tan. Pakan ternak sebagai pagar hidup (legum pohon)
Three Strata Forage system (STS)