crop quality and postharvest management for … quality and postharvest management for agriculture...

Crop Quality and Postharvest Crop Quality and Postharvest Crop Quality and Postharvest Crop Quality and Postharvest Management for Agriculture SectorManagement for Agriculture SectorManagement for Agriculture SectorManagement for Agriculture Sector

Ministry of Agriculture and IrrigationDepartment of Agriculture

Dr. Tin Ohnmar Win

Staff Officer

Agricultural Extension Division

November 29, 2012 ( Micasa Hotel, Yangon, Myanmar )

GREATER MEAKHONG SUB-REGION

MYANMAR- STRATEGICALLY FOCAL POINT FOR

ASEAN MEMBER STATES

OBJECTIVES

� Disseminate current situation of PHT

management systems of Myanmar

�Observe packing / transportation/ export

procedures in Myanmarprocedures in Myanmar

�Identify strength and weakness in supply chain

�Action research on cross border value chain

�Discussion points for urgently need action plans

SeedSeedSeedSeedPreparationPreparationPreparationPreparation

Land Land Land Land PreparationPreparationPreparationPreparation

Field Field Field Field MaintenanceMaintenanceMaintenanceMaintenance HarvestingHarvestingHarvestingHarvesting

StorageStorageStorageStorage

Value Chain for Quality Rice ProductionValue Chain for Quality Rice ProductionValue Chain for Quality Rice ProductionValue Chain for Quality Rice Production

Packing and Packing and Packing and Packing and RepackingRepackingRepackingRepacking

MarketingMarketingMarketingMarketing

Grading and SortingGrading and SortingGrading and SortingGrading and Sorting

At WarehouseAt WarehouseAt WarehouseAt Warehouse

TransportationTransportationTransportationTransportation

Postharvest losses of Monsoon RicePostharvest losses of Monsoon RicePostharvest losses of Monsoon RicePostharvest losses of Monsoon Rice

No. Stage Yangon(Hlegu Township)

Bago(Yedashe Township)

Ayeyawaddy(Zalun Tsp)

1. Harvesting (%) 1.4 – 2.1 1.1 – 1.8 1.2 – 1.8

2. Field Drying (%) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 –––– 3. 33. 33. 33. 3 1.71.71.71.7---- 2.42.42.42.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 –––– 6.26.26.26.2

3. Threshing/Cleaning 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 –––– 1.11.11.11.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 –––– 1.61.61.61.6 2.62.62.62.6---- 3.33.33.33.30.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 –––– 1.61.61.61.6 2.62.62.62.6---- 3.33.33.33.3

4. Transportation (%) 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 –––– 1.71.71.71.7 2.02.02.02.0----2.62.62.62.6 2.12.12.12.1----2.92.92.92.9

5. Drying (%) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 ---- 1.51.51.51.5 0.10.10.10.1---- 0.50.50.50.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 ----1.11.11.11.1

6. Storage(%) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 ---- 3.33.33.33.3 ၁၁၁၁....၁၁၁၁ ---- ၁၁၁၁....၉၉၉၉ 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 ---- 3.33.33.33.3

Total Losses (%) 6.9 -13.0 6.6 – 10.8 13.2 -18.6

(Source: Field Survey, 2011 Nov 10-27, Hlegu, Yadashe and Zalun Townships)

Climate Changes and Postharvest Losses of GrainsClimate Changes and Postharvest Losses of GrainsClimate Changes and Postharvest Losses of GrainsClimate Changes and Postharvest Losses of Grains

Source: World Development Report on Climate Change 2010

Drying in the Field After HarvestDrying in the Field After HarvestDrying in the Field After HarvestDrying in the Field After Harvest

Rice bundles in the field drying: the most damaging step of postharvest losses for resource poor farmers, under erratic climatic condition, should suggest threshing immediately to reduce cracking broken and quality damages of milled rice

(Source: Field Survey, 2010 & 2011 Nov 20-27, Zalun Township)

ThreshingVillagers under 1-2 acres of farmland are sometimes difficult to invest threshers

and even tarpoulin sheets to prevent harvested rice from erratic climatic variation

(Source: Field Survey, 2011 November 20-27, Hlegu and YadasheTownships)

Prevention of Postharvest Losses Equal with Increasing of Sown Area

If Losses may be 10 %, Total Rice Production – 30 million MTTotal milled Paddy – 18 million MTLosses milled paddy – 1.8 million MT( can feed 9,00,000 people per year)

Highway Drying ( Cause quality damages of milled rice, storability, germination percent

and also to seedling vigour)

Source : Dr. Myo Aung Kyaw, CARTC Postharvest Training 10-14 Sep, 2012

Technology Changes and Utilization in Technology Changes and Utilization in Technology Changes and Utilization in Technology Changes and Utilization in

Commercial ScaleCommercial ScaleCommercial ScaleCommercial Scale

Source: Minister report for President Visit at Nay Pyi Taw, 2011

Utilization of Dryers in Ayeyawaddy Region( Myanmar rice producer association is focal point for drying technology

development in Myanmar )

(Source: Dr. Myo Aung Kyaw( MRPA), CARTC Postharvest Training, 2012 September 14-19)

Storage System ( Hopper silo) in Commercial Scale

Initial Investment cost- 700-3050USD ( FOB Price)/ Set

Capacity – 3-300 Ton of paddy

Advantages:�Moisture proof�Storage pest reduce

Source: Minister report for President Visit at Shwe Taung Farm, 11 November 2012

Storage pest reduce�Easy for fumigation�Aeration control�Temperature regulated

Disadvantages�Electricity need for operation� Clean out the crop residue

Paddy Dryer and Paddy Dryer and Paddy Dryer and Paddy Dryer and

Light HouseLight HouseLight HouseLight House

Source: Chai village, DOA model farm, Nay Pyi Taw 2011-2012

Seed Production and Processing For Quality Rice

Source: Minister report for President Visit at Shwe Taung Farm, 11 November 2012

Postharvest Losses of Food LegumesStage Black gram

( Phyu Tsp)Chickpea

( Chaung Oo Tsp.)Pigeon peaPigeon peaPigeon peaPigeon pea( ( ( ( MahlaingMahlaingMahlaingMahlaing))))

HarvestHarvestHarvestHarvest0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ---- 1.31.31.31.3 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. –––– 1.91.91.91.9 0.90.90.90.9---- 1.51.51.51.5

Transportation Transportation Transportation Transportation (((( field to threshing floor)field to threshing floor)field to threshing floor)field to threshing floor) 0.70.70.70.7---- 0.90.90.90.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 –––– 0.70.70.70.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 –––– 0.60.60.60.6

Threshing/Winnowing/Threshing/Winnowing/Threshing/Winnowing/Threshing/Winnowing/CleaningCleaningCleaningCleaning

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 –––– 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 –––– 1.41.41.41.4 0.90.90.90.9---- 1.11.11.11.1CleaningCleaningCleaningCleaning

DryingDryingDryingDrying 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 –––– 0.90.90.90.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 –––– 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.70.70.70.7---- 0.80.80.80.8

StorageStorageStorageStorage 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 –––– 3.23.23.23.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 ---- 4.24.24.24.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 ----3.83.83.83.8

Total Losses (%)Total Losses (%)Total Losses (%)Total Losses (%) 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 –––– 7.57.57.57.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 –––– 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 –––– 7.87.87.87.8

(Source: Field Surveys, 2012 Feb 18-25, Nyaung Bin Thar, Chaung Oo and Mahlaing,

Townships in Myanmar)

Storage of Pulses at Government Farm

( Hinthada Township)

17

Storage of black gram infarmers’ house

Lewai Township, Shar Chaung village( using superbag for airtight storage

for 5 months)

(Source: Farmers participatory

postharvest research in Shar Chaung

Village, 2011 and 2012 May to October,

Lewai Township)

Legumes Threshing Machines produced by Thapyay Tan Village in Yedashe Township

18(Source: Field Survey in Thapyattan Village, 2010 February- Yadhashe Township)

ColourColourColourColour Polishing Machine in Myanmar for LegumesPolishing Machine in Myanmar for LegumesPolishing Machine in Myanmar for LegumesPolishing Machine in Myanmar for Legumes

Initial Investment-2040 - 3000 USD/set

( FOB price)

Capacity – 3-100 MT

Advantages: �Consumers attraction

19

(Source: UMFCCI, U Tun Aung, Bean Forum, 2009)

�Consumers attraction� Price up� Prevent storage damage�Reduce dull colour of beans

Storage and Stacking of Legumes at Warehouse

� Warehouses in Trade Zones required moisture and temperature proof storage faciliteis andinfrastructure

�Awareness on postharvest losses by brokers, middle men (agents) and wholesale depot andexporter are critically important.

�Ventilation and Temperature for storage food legume are important for prolong storability.

� Chemical fumigation should reduce for food safety and workers’ health aspect.

Mango from Myanmar ( cv. Seintalone ) Export to Singapore, Bangkok and China

(Source: Field Surveys, 2012 August 20-

25, Southern Shan State)

Mango from Yatsauk and Sesai

township go to Singapore market

( Farmgate price – 1 gm = 0.80 ks)

Transport Fee – 4 S$/ 10 kg

(Source: Field Surveys, 2012 August 20-25,

FOB, Taungyi ,S.Shan State)

Mango ( Sein Ta Lone, Hinthar, Yinkwe cvs.) prepare for Chinese market via 105 mile trade zone))

(Source: Field Survey, 2012 June 25-29,

Mandalay Region,

michaung Tat village)

� Mango export to China by Plastic basket ( reduce damages and spoilage significantly)

(Source: Losses Assessment Field Survey, 2012 June 25-29, Mandalay and Northern

Shan State State)

Cartoon used in 2009

Changes of Packing Systems from 2003 to 2012


26



Transportation of Mango from Mandalay to 105 Transportation of Mango from Mandalay to 105 Transportation of Mango from Mandalay to 105 Transportation of Mango from Mandalay to 105 mile Trade Zone ( Cross Border Point) Chinamile Trade Zone ( Cross Border Point) Chinamile Trade Zone ( Cross Border Point) Chinamile Trade Zone ( Cross Border Point) China


Shan State State)

Mango in High Beer Boxes arrive to 105 mile Trade Zone Auction

On 27 June 2012 ( 08.00 a.m.) ( Losses – 50 /540 box/truck )

(Source: Losses Assessment Field Survey at 105 mile trade zone, 2012 June 20-29,

Northern Shan State State)

Damaged Fruits on Truck Car under Rain on the Way ( Mandalay-Lasho-Muse- 105 Mile)


Shan State State)

Chinese Buyers decide market price at Mango AuctionBy Checking Fruit Quality

�15 -18 kg/ box = 40 to 120 Yuan (cv. Sein Talone)

�Criteria: free from heat damage

No underriped fruit

Free from fruit fly

Free from anthracnose and

stem end rot

(Source: Losses Assessment Field Surveys, 2012 June 25-29, Mandalay and

Northern Shan State State)

Action Plans for Action Plans for Action Plans for Action Plans for 2013201320132013----2014201420142014Based on the field surveys in Mandalay, Amarpura, Myitthar, Lasho, Muse, Taunggyi, Sesai and Yat Sauk Townships, the following action plans are recommended to be continue the activities.

စ@စ@စ@စ@AAAA အCDကFငAHအရFအCDကFငAHအရFအCDကFငAHအရFအCDကFငAHအရF CဆFငAရKကAရမညCဆFငAရKကAရမညCဆFငAရKကAရမညCဆFငAရKကAရမညANAN ANANCဒသCဒသCဒသCဒသ

အခRSနAကFလအခRSနAကFလအခRSနAကFလအခRSနAကFလ မVတAခRကမVတAခRကမVတAခRကမVတAခRကAAAA

၁။ ကYနAသKယACရHဇY\ရVSသစAသ]HပK_ Y\ပSYငAရVငAမRFH/DကFHပK_ စFHမRFHအFHCစRHကKကAခRSတAဆကAမa စ]မ\ခနA NခK_CရHသငAတနAHပSY NခRbခငAH

လFH cH၊CတFငAeက]H ၂၀၁၂-၂၀၁၃ နယAစပAကYနAသKယACရHဦHစ]HဌFန+စSYကAပRSlHCရHဦHစ]HဌFန

၂။ ရFသ]ခRSနAလYပAသFHမRFHmVငANသစAသ]Hbခ\ပSYငAရVငAမRFHအFHစနစAတကRခnHဆKတAတငAပSY NမaနညAHစနစAမRFHပညFCပHသငAတနAHမRFHပSY NခRbခငAH

ရပACစFကA၊bမစAသFH ၂၀၁၂ - ၂၀၁၃ bခ\ပSYငAရVငAမRFH+စSYကAပRSlHCရHဦHစ]HဌFန

၃။ ရSတAသSမAHခRSတAလKနAစကAကSရSယFမRFHပ\NပSYHCပHbခငAHရSတAသSမAHခRSတAလKနAစကAကSရSယFမRFHပ\NပSYHCပHbခငAHရSတAသSမAHခRSတAလKနAစကAကSရSယFမRFHပ\NပSYHCပHbခငAHရSတAသSမAHခRSတAလKနAစကAကSရSယFမRFHပ\NပSYHCပHbခငAH(((( အဆငအဆငအဆငအဆငANAN ANANခK_ခK_ခK_ခK_/ / / / အရKယAအစFHခK_စကအရKယAအစFHခK_စကအရKယAအစFHခK_စကအရKယAအစFHခK_စကA၊A၊A၊A၊ထYတAပSYHပစpညAHစကA Y\စသညထYတAပSYHပစpညAHစကA Y\စသညထYတAပSYHပစpညAHစကA Y\စသညထYတAပSYHပစpညAHစကA Y\စသညANAN ANAN))))

မnဆယA(၁၀၅)မSYငAကYနAသKယACရHဇY\ ၂၀၁၃ -၂၀၁၄ စSYကAပRSlHCရHဦHစ]HဌFန+ စ]HပKFH/ကnHသနAHဝနAeက]HဌFန

၄။ ကYနACခRFbပlbပငAထYတAလYပAမaကYနACခRFbပlbပငAထYတAလYပAမaကYနACခRFbပlbပငAထYတAလYပAမaကYနACခRFbပlbပငAထYတAလYပAမa စကAကSရSယFမRFHပ\NပSYHCပHbခငAHစကAကSရSယFမRFHပ\NပSYHCပHbခငAHစကAကSရSယFမRFHပ\NပSYHCပHbခငAHစကAကSရSယFမRFHပ\NပSYHCပHbခငAH CတFငAeက]H၊bမစAသFH၊မnဆယA

၂၀၁၃ - ၂၀၁၄ FAO+စSYကAပRSlHCရHဦHစ]HဌFန

၅။ သယAယnပSY NCဆFငAမaလYပAငနAHCဆFငAရKကAသnမRFHအFHပညFCပHသငAတနAHပSY NခRbခငAH မmtCလH၊ CတFငAeက]H ၂၀၁၂ -၂၀၁၃ bပညAနယA/တSYငAHCဒသeက]HအစSYHရအဖK_ N Y\H+စSYကAပRSlHCရHဦHစ]HဌFန

(Source: Losses Assessment Field Surveys, 2012 June and August, Mandalay, South

Shan and Northern Shan State State)

Urgent Needs of Postharvest Technology Urgent Needs of Postharvest Technology Urgent Needs of Postharvest Technology Urgent Needs of Postharvest Technology Development in MyanmarDevelopment in MyanmarDevelopment in MyanmarDevelopment in Myanmar

�Updated grading and sorting machines� Gravity separators and colour sorters� Dehydrators and dryers� Dehydrators and dryers� Packing machines and materials� Cold storage facilities and MAP system� Cool chain vehicles for transportation� Quality assurance laboratory� Sustainable encouragement of HRD

Cleaning/ Grading and Sorting InfrastructuresCleaning/ Grading and Sorting InfrastructuresCleaning/ Grading and Sorting InfrastructuresCleaning/ Grading and Sorting Infrastructures

AyetharyarIndustrial Zone ( Taunggyi) for grading and sorting Who will invest?AyetharyarIndustrial Zone ( Taunggyi) for grading and sortingof mango before go to Singapore market ( Thanks to Southern Shan Mango Group)

Who will invest?

Who will invest?

Who will invest for mango farmers?/ Cooperatives?/ Association?

Packing with conveyer belt

Dehydration of leafy vegetables and fruits

Drying and Packing Systems for Tropical Fruits

Who will invest?

Systematic Palletizing System

Agricultural Commodity Prepared Ready for Cross Border (Export)

Who will invest?

Programs Need for Implementation Programs Need for Implementation Programs Need for Implementation Programs Need for Implementation

Systematic aeration in packing system

Ready for Cargo ( Action to Change)(Systematic export at border point)

Actions for FutureActions for FutureActions for FutureActions for Future

Pelletizing in 2012 ( present) at

105 mile trade zone

bပညAပတငAပSY NမaလYပAငနAHစ@AတစACလbပညAပတငAပSY NမaလYပAငနAHစ@AတစACလbပညAပတငAပSY NမaလYပAငနAHစ@AတစACလbပညAပတငAပSY NမaလYပAငနAHစ@AတစACလzzzzFကAအFHနညAHခRကAmVငFကAအFHနညAHခRကAmVငFကAအFHနညAHခRကAmVငFကAအFHနညAHခRကAmVငANAN ANANbပlbပငAရနbပlbပငAရနbပlbပငAရနbပlbပငAရနAAAA

လSYအပAခRကAမRFHလSYအပAခRကAမRFHလSYအပAခRကAမRFHလSYအပAခRကAမRFH သY\HသပAတငAbပbခငAHသY\HသပAတငAbပbခငAHသY\HသပAတငAbပbခငAHသY\HသပAတငAbပbခငAH

Action Research in 105 MileTrade Zone ( Cross Border Point)

Myanmar need Postharvest EquipmentsMyanmar need Postharvest EquipmentsMyanmar need Postharvest EquipmentsMyanmar need Postharvest Equipments

We have Human Resources and Technology but

No infrastructure and Equipment, yet.

Future ProspectFuture ProspectFuture ProspectFuture Prospect

� Post Harvest and Food Processing Industryisat a starting point in Myanmar as compared toThailand, China and Vietnam.

� But under proper strategic drive, it will be ableto set national standards such as GAPcertification, organic certification, ISO, HACCPcertification, trainings related certification,awareness and knowledge will be able tocomplete in region in 10 years afterwards, webelieve.

�Positive correlation between Technology awareness and adoption and Postharvest management system development.

� Clearly observed and identified the basic requirementof farmers.

� To createjob opportunitiesin villages,SMEsfor

SUMMARY

� To createjob opportunitiesin villages,SMEsforagro-based industry should be basically implemented.

� Concrete Policy for market and guarantee prices for agricultural commodities is essentially required.

RECOMMENDATION

Foundation of PHT need to be strengthened:

� Facilitate Producers, buyers and

exporters linkageexporters linkage

� Invite Private investment and FDI

� Infrastructure and Equipment are crucially needed

� Encourage SMEs

ACTIONS FOR FAREMRS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT!!!

CONCLUSION

Motivate growers

Provide technology

Support Seeds /

planting materials

Advise/ Education ProgramsQuality Products

Policy,

Rules and Regulations

Contract Signing

Coordinating between

Producers and Exporters

Regional Authorized

Organizations

FARMERSAND PRODUCER ASSOCIATIONS

Bilateral Agreement, Quality and Safety AspectTechnology Follow upDistribution and Marketing

BUYERS, EXPORTERS

AND

PRIVATE COMPANIES

Advise/ Education Programs

CoordinationQuality Products

Guarantee Market

Producers and Exporters

THANK YOU!

COMMENTS, SUGGESTION AND QUESTIONS ARE WARMLY COMMENTS, SUGGESTION AND QUESTIONS ARE WARMLY COMMENTS, SUGGESTION AND QUESTIONS ARE WARMLY COMMENTS, SUGGESTION AND QUESTIONS ARE WARMLY WELCOME!!!WELCOME!!!WELCOME!!!WELCOME!!!

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