Criticism & Criticism & ReformulationReformulationThe Second New DealThe Second New DealSection 2Section 2Ms. GarrattMs. Garratt

Works Progress Works Progress Admin.Admin.

Bldg projects included construction Bldg projects included construction of hospitals, schools, airports, etcof hospitals, schools, airports, etc

Employed teachers, artists, actorsEmployed teachers, artists, actors Painters designed muralsPainters designed murals San Antonio beautification project San Antonio beautification project

stimulated the economystimulated the economy Provided jobs to 8million in 5 yearsProvided jobs to 8million in 5 years

Social Security ActSocial Security Act

In 1935 the gov accepted direct In 1935 the gov accepted direct responsibility for meeting the needs responsibility for meeting the needs of its citizensof its citizens– Pension plan for elderly orphansPension plan for elderly orphans– Survivor benefitsSurvivor benefits– Benefits for those injured on the jobBenefits for those injured on the job

Monthly payments ranged from $12-Monthly payments ranged from $12-8585

Millions, however, did not qualify Millions, however, did not qualify particularly minority groupsparticularly minority groups

Signing the Social Security Signing the Social Security ActAct

National Labor Relations National Labor Relations BoardBoard

Aka the Wagner ActAka the Wagner Act Established after Supreme Ct ruled Established after Supreme Ct ruled

that the NIRA was unconstitutionalthat the NIRA was unconstitutional Workers lost the right to unionize Workers lost the right to unionize

and bargain collectivelyand bargain collectively The Wagner Act restored those The Wagner Act restored those

workers’ rightsworkers’ rights Unions increased during the ’30sUnions increased during the ’30s

Soil Conservation Act Soil Conservation Act 19361936

Supreme Court also struck down the Supreme Court also struck down the AAAAAA

So FDR proposed the Soil Conservation So FDR proposed the Soil Conservation Act Act

Under this law the subsidy paid to Under this law the subsidy paid to farmers not to plant crops would come farmers not to plant crops would come from the Treasury not from a from the Treasury not from a processing taxprocessing tax

Rural Electrification Act Rural Electrification Act 19351935 Lent money to farmers who Lent money to farmers who

organized to build power plants.organized to build power plants. Utility companies had refused to Utility companies had refused to

extend service to rural areas because extend service to rural areas because it wasn’t cost-effectiveit wasn’t cost-effective

Before the REA fewer than 1 in 10 Before the REA fewer than 1 in 10 had electricity – by 1940 90% had had electricity – by 1940 90% had electricityelectricity

Public Utility Holding Public Utility Holding CompanyCompanyActAct

Reduced holding company control of Reduced holding company control of utility companiesutility companies

Helped eliminate corruption and Helped eliminate corruption and inefficiencyinefficiency

Reduced consumer costsReduced consumer costs Enraged business owners who felt gov Enraged business owners who felt gov

had too much control over businesshad too much control over business

Revenue Act of 1935Revenue Act of 1935

FDR proposed raising taxes on FDR proposed raising taxes on wealthy corporations and wealthy corporations and individualsindividuals

Angered business leaders but Angered business leaders but convinced millions of Americans convinced millions of Americans that FDR was on their side.that FDR was on their side.

Protests of Tenant FarmersProtests of Tenant Farmers

Tenant farmers were negatively Tenant farmers were negatively impacted by the AAAimpacted by the AAA

Landowners didn’t share the gov Landowners didn’t share the gov subsidy so tenant farmers lost their subsidy so tenant farmers lost their jobs & became homelessjobs & became homeless

Tenant farmers formed the interracial Tenant farmers formed the interracial Southern Tenants Farmers Union Southern Tenants Farmers Union (STFU)(STFU)

Met with strong opposition due to Met with strong opposition due to interracial component interracial component

Southern Tenants Farmers Southern Tenants Farmers UnionUnion

They were unfairly hit hard by AAAThey were unfairly hit hard by AAA Subsidies given to landowners were Subsidies given to landowners were

not shared with themnot shared with them They were usually kicked off land as They were usually kicked off land as

part of the policy to reduce agric part of the policy to reduce agric outputoutput

Promoted nonviolence and was racially Promoted nonviolence and was racially integrated group which generated integrated group which generated oppositionopposition

Harrassed by law enforcement & Harrassed by law enforcement & landownerslandowners

Only rec’d verbal support from FDR Only rec’d verbal support from FDR

J.R. Butler, J.R. Butler, Pres of STFUPres of STFU

Members of STFUMembers of STFU

Criticism Criticism

Critics included liberals and Critics included liberals and conservativesconservatives

Liberals didn’t think the two New Liberals didn’t think the two New Deals when far enough.Deals when far enough.

Conservatives felt gov assumed Conservatives felt gov assumed too much power regulating too much power regulating business – feared that gov was business – feared that gov was becoming socialistbecoming socialist

Frances TownsendFrances Townsend

Wanted gov to give each person over Wanted gov to give each person over 60 $200 a month on condition they 60 $200 a month on condition they spend it all in 30 days.spend it all in 30 days.

This would aid the elderly and stimulate This would aid the elderly and stimulate the economy with its trickle-down-the economy with its trickle-down-effect.effect.

Would stimulate demand for goods Would stimulate demand for goods which would decrease unemploymentwhich would decrease unemployment

Had 5 million supportersHad 5 million supporters His plan was defeated in Congress in His plan was defeated in Congress in

19351935

Dr. Frances E. Dr. Frances E. TownsendTownsend

Charles CoughlinCharles Coughlin Demogogue who gained power by Demogogue who gained power by

appealing to people’s prejudices & fearsappealing to people’s prejudices & fears Wanted nationalization of banks to be Wanted nationalization of banks to be

run like postal servicerun like postal service Called FDR “liar” and “great betrayer” Called FDR “liar” and “great betrayer”

because FDR did not agree with himbecause FDR did not agree with him Had weekly radio show w/ 30 m listenersHad weekly radio show w/ 30 m listeners Was anti-semitic and blamed Jews for the Was anti-semitic and blamed Jews for the

DepressionDepression In 1942 Church pulled the plug on his In 1942 Church pulled the plug on his

showshow

Father Charles CoughlinFather Charles Coughlin

Huey LongHuey Long Won immediate popularity when as Won immediate popularity when as

Louisiana governor he raised taxes to Louisiana governor he raised taxes to fund schools, hospitals for the poor & fund schools, hospitals for the poor & build roads & bridges in impoverished build roads & bridges in impoverished areasareas

As US senator he abolished LA local gov As US senator he abolished LA local gov and ran it from DC, putting himself in and ran it from DC, putting himself in controlcontrol

Launched Launched Share Our Wealth Share Our Wealth campaign campaign which would confiscate all income over which would confiscate all income over $5m and redistribute it so that every $5m and redistribute it so that every family had $5,000 a yearfamily had $5,000 a year

Huey Long – Share the Huey Long – Share the WealthWealth

Attack from Attack from ConservativesConservatives

SupportSupport

1936 Reelection1936 Reelection

Reelection was geared toward Reelection was geared toward middle & lower classesmiddle & lower classes

His opponent, Alfred Landon, His opponent, Alfred Landon, supported New Deal legis but said supported New Deal legis but said he would run it more efficientlyhe would run it more efficiently

FDR won by a landslide with 60% of FDR won by a landslide with 60% of all voters.all voters.

Seen as mandate for his New Deal Seen as mandate for his New Deal programsprograms

Court-packing Bill 1937Court-packing Bill 1937

The Supreme Court had declared some The Supreme Court had declared some New Deal programs unconstitutionalNew Deal programs unconstitutional

In order to have a more sympathetic In order to have a more sympathetic Sup Ct FDR proposed a bill to add 6 Sup Ct FDR proposed a bill to add 6 more judges to the Court.more judges to the Court.

Stated he was just trying to ease the Stated he was just trying to ease the Court’s workload.Court’s workload.

This bill provoked a lot of criticism from This bill provoked a lot of criticism from both parties & was seen as an attempt both parties & was seen as an attempt to interfere with the judicial process & to interfere with the judicial process & the separation of powers.the separation of powers.

Fair Labor Standards Act Fair Labor Standards Act 19381938

By 1937-38 FDR’s political By 1937-38 FDR’s political momentum was slowing downmomentum was slowing down

However, this act regulated However, this act regulated wages & working hourswages & working hours

FDR also had to focus more time FDR also had to focus more time on events in Europeon events in Europe

The end section 2The end section 2