types of criticism types of criticism -source criticism -traditional criticism -historical criticism...
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New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONS CLASS 5 Pages 58-71
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONCLASS NUMBER 5SECTION ONENew Testament Theology
•Types of Criticism•DISCOVERING THE TOOLS THAT HELP GOOD SCHOLARS RECOGNIZE THE BIBLE. •HOW CAN THEY HELP US?
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONREVELATION 1:9-11I, John, both your brother and
companion in the tribulation and kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ, was on the
island that is called Patmos for the word of God and for the
testimony of
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONREVELATION 1:9-11Jesus Christ. 10 I was in the
Spirit on the Lord’s Day, and I heard behind me a loud voice,
as of a trumpet, 11 saying, “I am the Alpha and the Omega, the
First and the Last,” and,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONREVELATION 1:9-11 “What you see, write in a book and send it to the
seven churches which are in Asia: to Ephesus, to Smyrna, to
Pergamos, to Thyatira, to Sardis, to Philadelphia, and to
Laodicea.”
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONS •TYPES OF CRITICISM
-SOURCE CRITICISM-TRADITIONAL CRITICISM-HISTORICAL CRITICISM
Detective work discovering the real truths that the text is trying to speak to the world about.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONS •TYPES OF CRITICISM
-SOURCE CRITICISM
What is the source of the material? Who wrote it and what was the relationship between his material and other material in the New Testament?
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONJUDE 1:3-4 “Beloved, while I was very
diligent to write to you concerning our common
salvation, I found it necessary to write to you exhorting you to contend earnestly for the faith
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONJUDE 1:3-4which was once for all delivered to the saints. 4 For certain men have crept in unnoticed, who long ago were marked out for this condemnation, ungodly men, who turn the grace of
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONJUDE 1:3-4our God into lewdness and
deny the only Lord God and our Lord Jesus Christ.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONJUDE 1:6-76 And the angels who did not
keep their proper domain, but left their own abode, He has
reserved in everlasting chains under darkness for the
judgment of the great day;
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONJUDE 1:6-77 as Sodom and Gomorrah, and
the cities around them in a similar manner to these, having
given themselves over to sexual immorality and gone
after strange flesh,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONJUDE 1:6-7are set forth as an example, suffering the vengeance of
eternal fire.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONIS THIS TEXT ALONE, IN ITS STRANGE ACCOUNTING OF
WHAT HAPPENED AT SODOM?
IS THERE ANOTHER TEXT SOURCE THAT CONFIRMS IT?
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:1-3 But there were also false
prophets among the people, even as there will be false
teachers among you, who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, even denying the
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:1-3Lord who bought them, and bring on themselves swift
destruction. 2 And many will follow their destructive ways, because of whom the way of
truth will be blasphemed.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:1-33 By covetousness they will exploit you with deceptive words; for a long time their judgment has not been idle,
and their destruction does not slumber.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-11 For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but cast
them down to hell and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved for
judgment; 5 and did not spare the ancient
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-11world, but saved Noah, one of
eight people, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the
flood on the world of the ungodly; 6 and turning the cities
of Sodom and Gomorrah
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-11into ashes, condemned them to
destruction, making them an example to those who
afterward would live ungodly; 7 and delivered righteous Lot,
who was oppressed by the filthy
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-11conduct of the wicked 8 (for that righteous man, dwelling among them, tormented his righteous soul from day to day by seeing
and hearing their lawless deeds)—
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-119 then the Lord knows how to
deliver the godly out of temptations and to reserve the
unjust under punishment for the day of judgment, 10 and especially those who walk
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-11according to the flesh in the
lust of uncleanness and despise authority. They are
presumptuous, self-willed. They are not afraid to speak evil of
dignitaries,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-1111 whereas angels, who are
greater in power and might, do not bring a reviling accusation against them before the Lord.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:
In SOURCE CRITICISM we look at whether two sources agree in theology and reconciliation of previous scriptures. Does their theology line up?
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:
In SOURCE CRITICISM we also look at where the source gained their SOURCES from which they are writing theological instruction (in this case the TANACH).
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONANOTHER GOOD EXAMPLE•Who are the disciples in the
GOSPEL RECORDS? Are they all the same?
•Who is Jesus in the GOSPEL RECORDS? Is He the same in all
of them?
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:
In SOURCE CRITICISM we also look at where the source lived, worked and was engaged in a community. Was he a loner or was he active in the community of Christ?
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONS •TYPES OF CRITICISM
-TRADITIONAL CRITICISM
Traditional Criticism sought to construct trajectories that were judged to unpack the development of tradition.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONTHE GRACE TRADITION OR THE CHURCH TRADITION
•Where did the traditions of the Church come from? Some are
Biblical, some are cultural.•Biblical traditions.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION
GRACE TRADITION
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 1:6-8I marvel that you are turning away so soon from Him who
called you in the grace of Christ, to a different gospel,
7 which is not another; but there are some who trouble you and
want
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 1:6-8to pervert the gospel of Christ.
8 But even if we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other
gospel to you than what we have preached to you, let him
be accursed.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:1-10Then after fourteen years I went up again to Jerusalem
with Barnabas, and also took Titus with me. 2 And I went up
by revelation, and communicated to them that
gospel which
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:1-10I preach among the Gentiles,
but privately to those who were of reputation, lest by any
means I might run, or had run, in vain. 3 Yet not even Titus who
was with me, being a Greek,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:1-10was compelled to be
circumcised. 4 And this occurred because of false brethren
secretly brought in (who came in by stealth to spy out our
liberty which we have in Christ Jesus,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:1-10that they might bring us into
bondage), 5 to whom we did not yield submission even for an
hour, that the truth of the gospel might continue with you.
6 But from those who seemed
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:1-10to be something—whatever
they were, it makes no difference to me; God shows
personal favoritism to no man—for those who seemed to be something added nothing to
me.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:1-107 But on the contrary, when
they saw that the gospel for the uncircumcised had been
committed to me, as the gospel for the circumcised was to Peter 8 (for He who worked
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:1-10effectively in Peter for the
apostleship to the circumcised also worked effectively in me
toward the Gentiles), 9 and when James, Cephas, and John,
who seemed to be pillars,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:1-10perceived the grace that had been given to me, they gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we
should go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:1-1010 They desired only that we
should remember the poor, the very thing which I also was
eager to do.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:1-1010 They desired only that we
should remember the poor, the very thing which I also was
eager to do.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:
In TRADITION CRITICISM we also look at WHO is recognized as apostles by others who are also apostles. Any material that says differently is tossed out.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:11-16 Now when Peter had come to Antioch, I withstood him to
his face, because he was to be blamed; 12 for before certain men came from James, he
would eat with the Gentiles;
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:11-16but when they came, he withdrew and separated
himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. 13 And the
rest of the Jews also played the hypocrite with him,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:11-16so that even Barnabas was
carried away with their hypocrisy. 14 But when I saw
that they were not straightforward about the truth
of the gospel, I said to Peter before them all,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:11-16 “If you, being a Jew, live in the manner of Gentiles and not as the Jews, why do you compel Gentiles to live as Jews? 15 We who are Jews by nature, and not sinners of the Gentiles,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:11-1616 knowing that a man is not
justified by the works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ,
even we have believed in Christ Jesus, that we might be justified
by faith in Christ and not by
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONGALATIANS 2:11-16the works of the law; for by the works of the law no flesh shall
be justified.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:
In TRADITION CRITICISM we also look at WHICH authority is recognized as SUPREME. Even the apostles were corrected by the HOLY SPIRIT.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:
In TRADITION CRITICISM any material that lets MAN and his mortal thoughts ATTEMPT TO MOVE or dislodge the revelation of the HOLY SPIRIT doctrines, we toss out.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONS •TYPES OF CRITICISM
-HISTORICAL CRITICISM
HISTORICAL criticism seeks to capture the culture in which WORDS were used to communicate the WORD.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but cast
them down to hell and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved for
judgment; 5 and did not spare the ancient
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22world, but saved Noah, one of
eight people, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the
flood on the world of the ungodly; 6 and turning the cities
of Sodom and Gomorrah into
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22ashes, condemned them to
destruction, making them an example to those who
afterward would live ungodly; 7 and delivered righteous Lot,
who was oppressed by the filthy
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22conduct of the wicked 8 (for that righteous man, dwelling among them, tormented his righteous soul from day to day by seeing
and hearing their lawless deeds)—
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-229 then the Lord knows how to
deliver the godly out of temptations and to reserve the
unjust under punishment for the day of judgment, 10 and especially those who walk
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22according to the flesh in the
lust of uncleanness and despise authority. They are
presumptuous, self-willed. They are not afraid to speak evil of
dignitaries,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-2211 whereas angels, who are
greater in power and might, do not bring a reviling accusation against them before the Lord.
But these (FALSE TEACHERS), like natural brute beasts made to
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22be caught and destroyed,
speak evil of the things they do not understand, and will utterly perish in their own corruption, 13 and will receive the wages of
unrighteousness,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22as those who count it pleasure to carouse in the daytime. They
are spots and blemishes, carousing in their own
deceptions while they feast with you, 14 having eyes full of
adultery and that cannot
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22cease from sin, enticing
unstable souls. They have a heart trained in covetous
practices, and are accursed children. 15 They have forsaken the right way and gone astray,
following the way of
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22Balaam the son of Beor, who
loved the wages of unrighteousness; 16 but he was rebuked for his iniquity: a dumb donkey speaking with a man’s voice restrained the madness
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22of the prophet.
17 These are wells without water, clouds carried by a
tempest, for whom is reserved the blackness of darkness
forever.18 For when they speak great swelling words
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22of emptiness, they allure
through the lusts of the flesh, through lewdness, the ones who have actually escaped from those who live in error. 19 While they promise them
liberty,
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22they themselves are slaves of
corruption; for by whom a person is overcome, by him
also he is brought into bondage. 20 For if, after they
have escaped
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22the pollutions of the world
through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they are again entangled in
them and overcome, the latter end is worse for them than the
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-22beginning. 21 For it would have
been better for them not to have known the way of
righteousness, than having known it, to turn from the holy
commandment delivered to them.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATION2 PETER 2:4-2222 But it has happened to them according to the true proverb:
“A dog returns to his own vomit,” and, “a sow, having
washed, to her wallowing in the mire.”
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:
In HISTORICAL CRITICISM we must consider that all the MORAL touch points are rooted in the Jewish Scriptures.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:
In HISTORICAL CRITICISM we MUST remember that the NEW TESTAMENT church was birthed out of the HISTORICAL TRADITIONS OF THE JEWISH FAITH.
New TESTAMENT
FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:
In HISTORICAL CRITICISM we MUST remember that WE CAN NEVER DISCONNECT THE NEW TESTAMENT from the OLD TESTAMENT!!!!!!!!!!!!