CRITICAL PL, POWER, POVERTY REDUCTION, POSTMODERNPwk PTS ft ub – planning theory

Critical planning Critical planning in developing countries

in 2000s: Resource management Integrating Mineral Development and

Biodiversity Conservation into Regional Land-Use Planning

Land Policies For Growth And Poverty Reduction

Poverty and Environment Urban Economy Paradigm for A New Planning

Resource management Indikator apa yang terbaik sebagai alat ukur? Bagaimana alat ukur tsb diinterpretasikan dengan baik?Criteria for indicators: Be easily measured (mudah diukur) Be sensitive to stresses of the system (sensitif thd tekanan dari sistem) Respond to stress in a predictable manner Be anticipatory: signify an impending change in key characteristics of the ecological system. Predict changes that can be averted by management actions Be integrative Have a known response to natural disturbances, anthropogenic stresses, and ecological changes over time Have low variability in response.

Prosedur dalam memilih indikator: Step 1: Identify Goals for the System. Step 2: Identify Key Characteristics of the

Ecological System Step 3: Identify Key Stresses Step 4: Determine How Stresses May Affect Key

Characteristics of the Ecological System Step 5: Select Indicators Step 6: Test Potential Indicators Against Criteria Step 7: Select Final Indicators and Apply Them to

the Decision-Making Process

Ecological indicators menawarkan alat untuk mengukur efek dari manajemen sumber daya. Tantangan utama adalah terkait dengan kompleksitas dari sistem ekologi. Kriteria dan prosedur untuk pemilihan indikator menawarkan cara terkait dengan kompleksitas tersebut.

Langkah berikutnya adalah mengimplementasikan indikator ke dalam praktik manajemen sumber daya.

Mengintegrasikan Mineral Development dan Biodiversity Conservation dalam Regional Land-Use Planning Pertambangan, tidak seperti pertanian, bukan

bagian permanen dari geografi dan economy dari banyak wilayah. Pertambangan adalah land use yang sifatnya temporer, terlokalisir dan dapat menghasilkan pendapatan besar dari area yang kecil.

Terdapat keinginan yang semakin tinggi dari masyarakat agar nilai lingkungan tetap dilindungi pada saat yang sama kita membangun pondasi ekonomi dan sosial. Harapan ini telah tertuang dalam konsep sustainable development.

Ada kebutuhan untuk terus mengeksplorasi pertambangan. Konsep dari responsible mining: commitment to shared high values and delivery of better social and environmental performance –

The case: The Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) Project (an independent multi-stakeholder analysis of the issues surrounding mining and sustainable development, organized at global and regional levels).

Untuk kasus Indonesia perhatikan tentang fenomena ‘kutukan sumber daya alam’

Biodiversity and Regional Land-Use Planning

Flambeau mine (Wisconsin) site before mining (foreground) and Flambeau River (upper background)

Flambeau mine during operation (1996)

Flambeau mine reclaimed after mining (2002)

Land Use yang serasi dengan aspek sosial

Issues (access to land and the ability to make productive use of such land is critical to poor people worldwide):

Farm Restructuring Land Reform Land Conflict Land Taxation State Land Ownership Land Use Regulation Land in the Broader Policy Context

Poverty reduction: Relevance of land right: Empowerment of

the Poor and Governance Land policy:

Political and Social Changes (Eastern Europe) Structural Reforms (Latin America) Combination of Situations in South and East

Asia Land rights:

The initial distribution of land affects the nature and rate of long-term economic growth

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Increasing Incomes Reducing ExpensesC

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Planning, Programming and Budgeting Mechanism

Banking & non-banking financial institutions; private sector; community

Four Pillars of Poverty

Reduction Strategy

The Basic Building Blocks of Poverty Reduction Strategy

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Initiative for an effective poverty

reduction

Ideal environment

for investment

Improving Performance of Local Governance

Public access for appropriate information

Participatory planning and decision making process

Public participation in development planning

Open process in formulating regional regulations

Policy and regulation reforms: clear vision and priority setting

Accountable local government and legislative:

Effective utilization of local budget according to local priority

Performance and output oriented

Clear local regulation towards a good governance

Independent public monitoring

Private investment that generates local economic and creating job opportunity

Involving NGOs in implementing and monitoring poverty reduction programs

Government program directed to fulfill the gap of poverty reduction programs

Poverty Reduction Strategy through Initiatives for Local Governance

Conceptual Framework of land rights:

Land rights are social conventions about the distribution of benefits from land use

Property Rights as a Public Good Property rights have public good

characteristics Public establishment of property rights will

prevent resource dissipation, providing particular benefits to the poor

Post modern planning? Rethinking planning:

Planning has not tackled the root causes of urban problems because it was never meant to:

the scope, content and direction of planning are shaped by political struggles, at various spatial scales, in which the protagonists (and lines of cleavage) arise from the conflicts of interest endemic in capitalist society (H. Thomas, 1999: 27).

Planning exists to help the market and support capitalism, not challenge and supplant it.

Social theory Nearly half a century on the Royal Town Planning

Institute still sees the role of planners as ‘to advance the art and science of Town Planning for the benefit of the public’ (RTPI, 1999)

The Post-Modern Age is a time of incessant choosing. It’s an era when no orthodoxy can be adopted without self-consciousness and irony, because all traditions seem to have some validity. This is partly a consequence of what is called the information explosion, the advent of organised knowledge, world communication and cybernetics. (Charles Jencks 1989)

Social theory The postmodern would be that which, in the

modern, puts forward the unpresentable in presentation itself; that which denies itself the solace of good forms, the consensus of a taste which would make it possible to share collectively the nostalgia for the unattainable; that which searches for new presentations, not in order to enjoy them but in order to impart a stronger sense of the unpresentable (Lyotard, 1983: 68).

Some common themes emerge: (from social theory of post modernism) A MICRO-POLITICS OF ANALYSIS A MICRO-POLITICS OF RESISTANCE

Information Society:Five broad meanings behind the term ‘information

society’ (Webster 1995) Technological Economic Occupational Spatial Cultural

Fordism (loosely refers to the mass production) and Post-Fordism

Sensibility 3 Criticism of the Postmodern:

First, that modernity’s critics have got it wrong. The contrasts with the pre-modern period are misleading and inaccurate and their position is unduly pessimistic and inchoate

Second, while modernity has a ‘sombre’ (as opposed to ‘dark’) side (and while some of the critiques of the critical-moderns are accepted), modernity is (and must be) redeemable.

Third, we are stuck with modernity, whether we like it or not, so let’s make the best of it rather than trying to destroy it.

So What is the Postmodern? 1 DIFFERENCE OR CONTINUITY? 2 NEW OR DIFFERENT TIMES? 3 POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE SOCIAL THEORY?

Planning is modern project Planning as a Postmodern Project?

conclusion Can we have a postmodern planning? No

(an answer that is itself not postmodern). Can we have a planning that is more open, sensitive to the needs of the many, radically challenges existing notions and actively seeks to encourage wider participation from those previously excluded in an continuously open discourse? Yes.

See you next week