crime scene mgmt (fbi) i.ppt

8/19/2019 Crime Scene Mgmt (FBI) I.ppt

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Crime Scene Administration

and Management

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Evidence Response Team


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Instructional Goal

• To provide the participant with an

understanding of the fundamentals of crimescene management as it pertains to the

collection and preservation of physical

evidence.


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Instructional O!ectives

The participant will e ale to...

• E"plain the steps for crime scene preparation

• Identify the purpose and operational structure

of a #rime $cene %nit• &escrie the asic si" team positions of a

crime scene unit


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Instructional O!ectives

• Identify the stages involved in evaluating a

crime scene• 'ist asic e(uipment re(uired to process a

crime scene

• &escrie asic safety considerations• &escrie methods of controlling crime

scene contamination


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Importance of )hysical

Evidence• *dmissiility in court

+ It doesn,t matter if you -now who did it if you

can,t convince a !ury


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/0 1hy is there a need to collectevidence correctly2

*0


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Three Types of Evidence

• #onfessions

• 1itnesses

• )hysical Evidence


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)otential )rolems with

Evidence

• #onfessions + The voluntary nature of the confession

will e (uestioned

+ &efense will claim it was coerced + 3iranda issues


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Evidence

• 1itnesses

+ #rediility

+ Imperfect recollection

+ #onflicting statements


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Evidence

• )hysical Evidence

+ 1as it collected properly2

+ 1as it handled properly2

+ 1as it processed properly2• 4ou can control the first two


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Two General Types of )hysical

Evidence• #lass Evidence

+ That evidence which can e matched to a classof individuals5 6consistent with7 e"emplars

from victim or su!ect

• 8airs and fiers trace

• Individual or Identifying Evidence + That evidence that can e matched to a specific

individual

• Fingerprints &9*


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'egality of a $earch

• There is no crime scene e"ception to the :th

*mendment

• Once a scene is secure e"igent circumstances

no longer e"ist

+ Get a warrant

+ Get consent


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*dvanced )reparation


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• *ccumulate pac-aging and collection ofmaterials necessary for typical crime scene.

• )repare format for the paperwor- needed to

document the crime scene search


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• Ensure specialists are aware of the proper

collection and documentation of evidence

li-ely to e encountered.• Before arrival discuss the crime scene search

with involved personnel.

• Before arrival designate a person;in;chargeand ma-e preliminary personnel assignments.


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• #lothing• #ommunication

• 'ighting assistance

• $helter

• Food and li(uids• 3edical assistance

• $cene security

• E(uipment < $upplies


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)ersonnel Responsiilities


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Team 'eader

• *dministrative log

• 9arrative description

• )reliminary survey

• $cene security

• Final decision ma-ing


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)hotographer

• Ta-es the appropriate photographs

• Responsile for preparing

photographic log + &ictate to designated scrie


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$-etch )reparer

• &raw the s-etch + &epict spatial relationships

• &ocumentation of items

collected on s-etch + 3atch item =,s


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Evidence Recorder

• )repare the evidence logdocuments

• Function as the Evidence

#ustodian


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Evidence #ollectors

• Balance of team memers

• #onduct search

• #ollect and pac-age evidence

+ 3a-e sure all items collected are photographedlocated on s-etch and logged


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$pecialists

• #onsider what specialists might e

necessary to assist with the processing ofthe crime scene

• $pecialists include pathologists

anthropologists entomologists otanistsgeologists fingerprint specialists om

technicians engineers etc...


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Important #onsiderations

• )rolonged searches

+ Estalish personnel re(uirements ; shifts + 3ultiple shifts that overlap

• #ommunications

+ *ncillary services >e.g. medical e"aminer &*etc.?

+ Organi@e a command post for ma!or cases


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Important #onsiderations

3ulti;!urisdictional events

+ Estalish liaison with other !urisdictions + &evelop memoranda of understanding

+ )ool availale resources

+ &esignate media A press coordination


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$teps of #rime $cene $earch


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$tep )rocess

• *pproach the scene

• $ecure and protect• Initiate a preliminary

survey

• Evaluate the physicalevidence

• )repare a narrative

description

• )hotograph the scene

• )repare a s-etch• #onduct a detailed search

• Record and collect the

physical evidence• #onduct a final survey

• Release the crime scene


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*pproach $cene

• Be alert for all forms of physical evidence

• 3a-e pertinent notes concerningoservations

• Be in the frame of mind to ta-e control

• #onsider personal safety

• #onsider all resources needed for

processing the scene


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$ecure and )rotect $cene

• Ta-e aggressive control upon arrival

• &etermine the e"tent of the scene protectionupon arrival

• #hec- for ade(uate scene security

• Otain all information possile regardingthe original condition of the crime scene

• *ppoint one individual as person;in;charge


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$ecure and )rotect $cene

• )erson;in;charge has final decision and

resolution ma-ing authority

• Ta-e e"tensive notes ; do not rely on yourmemory >or others,?

• Record all entries and e"its from the scene

+ 9ame

+ &epartment

+ Reason for entering

• Ceep unauthori@ed personnel out


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Initiate )reliminary $urvey

• Initial cautious wal- through of the scene• Identify the e"tent of the search area ; may

re(uire e"panding initial perimeter

• Organi@e the methods and proceduresneeded to process the scene

• &etermine manpower and e(uipment needs

•3a-e personnel assignments

Organi@ational stage to plan search0


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)reliminary $urvey

• Identify and protect all transient physical

evidence

• &evelop a general theory of the crime

• 3a-e e"tensive notes to document physical

and environmental conditions assignments

and movements of personnel


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Evaluate )hysical Evidence

• Evaluation egins upon arrival at the scene

• Becomes more detailed in preliminarysurvey stage

• #oncentrate on the most transient evidence

first and wor- towards least transient• Insure you have appropriate pac-aging

material for evidence to e collected


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9arrative &escription

• 9arrative is a running general description

of the condition of the crime scene

• )resent an overall general to specificdescription of crime scene

• 9ote items that catch your attention

• 3ethods of narrative can e0

*udio Dideo1ritten


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#rime $cene )hotography

• )urpose0

+ Record Original $cene < #onditions

+ &ocument *ppearance of Evidence

+ #apture )ermanent Record

• *dmissiility Issues0

+ )hoto must e relevant

+ 9on;pre!udicial

+ &istortion;free

+ *ccurate representation


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$cene )hotography

• )hotograph the scene completely to include0

+ )oints of entryAe"it + $urrounding areaAneighorhood

• Ta-e photographs at eye level

• )hotographs supplement s-etches and notes; they do not stand alone

• FI'3 I$ #8E*) %se it


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8omicide )hotography

• %se #olor Film

• Body wA *ngles

• #lose;up of Ovious 1ounds• 1eapons

• Trace Evidence

• $igns of )rior *ctivity• Evidence of $truggle

• 1itness )erspective $hots

• *utopsy


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$cene )hotography

&Os and &O9,Ts

• &o ta-e your time

+ &oing more is etter than less

• &on,t Reposition Evidence• &on,t destroy in the process


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&iagramA$-etch

• )ermanent record of items estalishes

distanceAsi@e and their spatial relationships

• Rough s-etch may e drawn at scene ;never to scale.

+ Retain in file

• Final s-etch in officeAla + #an e to scale

+ 3ay utili@e personnel with drafting or

computer s-ills


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&iagramA$-etch

• $hould &epict

+ Features• Buildings• Furniture• )lants

+ Items of evidence• 9umers or letters

+ 3easurements• In ad!acent tale


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Record and #ollect )hysical

Evidence

'ocate evidence

Record evidence

#ollect evidence )ac-age evidence


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'ocate )hysical Evidence

• In open areas consider using speciali@ed

search patterns0 + 'ine

+ Grid

+ $piral

• Be sure to address areas aove and elow

normal eye level


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Strip or Line Search

• 'anes must e estalished• Overlap to ensure full coverage

• 'ane width should e

manageale• 3ultiple personnel on line within

a lane re(uire e"tra discipline


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Spiral

• $tart at center and spiral

out

• 3ay have advantages ifwor-ing alone

• &ifficult to manage


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Grid

A B C D

1

2

3

4


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'ocate A#ollect

)hysical Evidence

• #onsider speciali@ed forensic techni(ues

+ 'atent fingerprits

+ 8airs and fiers

+ Trace evidence

+ Blood and odily fluids + Toolmar-s

+ Impressions


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'atent Fingerprints

• 'atent fingerprints are a marvelous tool

for solving crimes ut they havelimitations0

+ 'iftaility

+ Identifiaility

+ 3atchailiy


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'atent Fingerprints

'iftaility

• The fact that one can locate and develop a

latent fingerprint at the scene does not meanthat print can e lifted

+ $urface characteristics

• )hotograph efore lifting


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'atent Fingerprints

Identifiaility

• The fact that one can locate and see a latentfingerprint does not mean that it contains

identifiale finger ridge detail


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'atent Fingerprints

3atchaility• The fact that one can locate develop and

lift a good latent fingerprint does not meanthat it can e matched to a su!ect or victim

+ #an,t lways sumit a partial print to *FI$ and

get a match

+ 3ust first develop a suspect through other

investigative means

+ Then attempt to match latent to hisAher prints


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TraceA8airs < Fiers

Edmund 'ocard,s Transference

Theory061hen any two o!ects come in

contact there is always a transfer of

material from each o!ect on to theother7


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Two Types of Transfer0

• &irect Transfer

+ Dictim to $uspect

+ $uspect to Dictim

• Indirect Transfer

+ $uspect to suspect,s car to victim


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Blood Evidence

• Bloodstain pattern analysis

+ Estalishes what happened

• Blood collection and analysis

+ Blood typing and &9*

+ Estalishes who was leeding

d d ll h i l


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Evidence

• )hotograph all items efore collection

• Record in the )hotography 'og

• %se scale when necessary

• 3ar- evidence locations in diagramAs-etch• #omplete the Evidence 'og

d d # ll h i l


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Evidence

8ave at least two persons0

+ Oserve the evidence in place efore collection

+ Oserve the evidence eing collected

+ $elect the proper pac-aging material

+ 3ar- the evidence directly or

+ 3ar- the evidence containers for identification


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Evidence

If feasile5

• 8ave one person as Evidence #ustodian

• $eal the evidence containers at the scene

• Otain control samples where needed• #hec- all logs and evidence for accuracy


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Evidence )ac-aging

• General Rules

• For latent fingerprints0

+ )orous material goes in paper pac-aging

+ 9on;porous material goes in plastic

• $ecure so it doesn,t move

• Blood and odily fluid evidence0 + )orous pac-aging

• 9EDER in plastic

+ &ry efore pac-aging

R d d # ll t )h i l


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Evidence

Four asic premises to consider0

+ The est search options are usually the most

difficult and time;consuming

+ 4ou cannot over;document the physical evidence

collected

+ There is only O9E #8*9#E TO &O IT RIG8T + $tart your search out #*%TIO%$'4 and finish

DIGORO%$'4


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#onduct Final $urvey

• #ritical review of all aspects of the search

• &iscuss the search !ointly with all personnel

for completeness

• &oule chec- documentation to detect

inadvertent errors or omissions

• Ta-e e"it photographs

• Ensure all evidence is accounted for and the

scene is secure efore departing


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#onduct Final $urvey

• Insure you have all of your e(uipment prior

to departing• 3a-e sure that nothing has een overloo-ed

• Before you leave the scene ma-e sure you

have collected everything you could to helpsolve the case

• Only one chance to do it right


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Release the #rime $cene

• Release only after final survey is complete

• &ocument the

+ TimeA&ate of release

+ ToABy whom scene was released

• Insure appropriate receipts and inventory have

een provided as necessary• Once you have released scene reentry may

re(uire getting a warrant


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Release the #rime $cene

• Before you release the scene5.

• Insure you have utili@ed all appropriateresources such as loodstain pattern analyst

om technicians forensic anthropologist

ehavioral scientist etc. to review thescene.


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$afety #onsiderations

• Ensure personnel have personal protective

e(uipment

• Treat all lood and ody fluids as infectious

• Diew crime scene as source of

contamination

• 9ever place hands where you can,t see

• &o not eat drin- or smo-e at crime scene


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#rime $cene #ontamination


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#ontrol Techni(ues

• &ont touch face with contaminated gloves

• &oule glove and change gloves fre(uently

• %se shoe covers and remove when you

leave crime scene

• *void using same personnel to search crime

scene and su!ect,s car or home

• If you decide to use same personnel ensure

their clothing and shoes are changed


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#ontrol Techni(ues

• #ollect all trash generated y crime scene

team• &o not wear !ewelry at crime scene

• &o not smo-e at scene

• %se face mas-s and eye protection when

dealing with ody fluids

crime scene mgmt (fbi) i.ppt

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