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CRI: Universal Wireless Open Research KIT (WORKIT)

Henning Schulzrinne Scott Miller, Milind BuddhikotColumbia University Lucent Bell Laboratories

Tom La Porta Elizabeth Belding-RoyerPenn State University University of California, Santa Barbara

26/23/06

Outline

Genesis of WORKIT and our Goals

WORKIT details• Four main modules• Module capabilities• Baseline kit to be released Sept 2006

Current status and ongoing planned second year activity• Students involved, website, dissemination plans

Additional directions• Inclusion in test-beds and additional dissemination

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Roaming or evenSeamless Handoffin Multiple Networks

One bill fromOne provider

Uninterrupted Applications:Streaming, Email, Corporate VPN, WebSensor data, commands

SubscriberServices

Evolving Integrated Public Wireless Network

HandoffPossibilities Intertech

HandoffIntratechHandoff

IntertechHandoff

WirelessAccessNetworks

2.5G/3GAccess of C

802.16Access of DWiFi

Access of BWiFi

Access of A

NetworkOwners

CorporateNetwork

E

VPN

Roamingagreement

Roamingagreement

Wireless ISPA

Wireless ISP B

Cellular CarrierC

802.16provider

D

Roamingagreement

Internet

TerminalPossibilities

PDA w/ WiFi & 3G

3G card

Laptop withBuilt-in WiFi

Smart Sensors w/Radio Links

Laptop3G card

WiFi card

Laptop withBuilt-in WiFi & 3G

Laptop withSoftware Defined

Radio (SDR)

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Key Observations

Emergence of an integrated, seamless wireless world creates plethora of significant new research problems

Requires systems research that does faithful construction of end-to-end behavior• Daunting due to cross-layer interactions, complexity and scale of

the problems• Realistic systems require components at various layers

Large scale systems research is “an exception than a norm”• Intellectual contributions via analytical and simulation tools

Why?

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Major Impediment

NSF Wireless Network Workshop (Sept, 2003, Chicago)““There is a critical need for provisions and

procedures for procuring community tools for wireless networking. This would allow significant infrastructure for experimental research to be developed and to be reused by a wider academic community”.

“Remove the non-academic burden from the university research groups and allow a significant number of software tools to be reused by the community”.

Serious lack of experimental wireless tools and platforms available to the research community

WORKIT addresses this problem

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Universal Wireless Open Research KIT (WORKIT)

Create a software intensive toolkit that works “out-of-the-box” and provides advanced functionality in the areas of

• Integration of heterogeneous wide area cellular and 802.11 WLAN networks

• Mesh networking• VOIP, Multimedia-over-IP SIP infrastructure• Transient, mobile hotspots with group mobility and aggregation

support

Use Bell Labs supplied base kit as starting point• Based on highly successful Integration of Two Access Technologies

(WORKIT) project

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Module I: Integrated Wide Area Cellular and WLANs(Bell Labs)

Seamless roaming between 802.11 WLANsand 3G Wireless for multi-radio client devicesMobile, portable hotspotsComponents• Unified Multi-interface

mobility client software• Backend server called

Home Server• Integration gateway• Mobile gateway

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WORKIT Integration/Mobile Gateway

Combines 802.11 access point, public access gateway, 3G Backhaul, and optional wireline backhaul

• Simple power-on installation, web based configurationSimultaneous support for MobileIP and SimpleIP modes of operationMulti-layer (Layer 2,3,4,7) Authentication & Packet FilteringDynamic rate limiting Class-based QOS and fairness IP & Web Services:

• Dynamic packet filter/firewall, HTTP redirection, DNS redirection/DNS proxy, NAT, DHCP, Local Portal

QoS DHCP NAT

IP services

802.11Security Radius

Security/Accounting

MIPForeignAgent

PPPManagement

Mobility

WebAdmin

WebServer

Web Services

LocalPortal

Integrated802.11AccessPoint

IntegratedEV-DO

Backhaul(also works with1xRTT, UMTS,

GPRS & ethernet)

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WORKIT Mobile Gateway (Contd.)

Built on Linux operating systemPicture shown with EV-DO and 802.11b cardsInterchangeable wireless interface capability with PC card slots• EV-DO, 1xRTT, UMTS, GPRS, 802.11b/g/a

Works also with ethernet wireline backhaul

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Seamless roaming across networks using different air interfaces• intra- and inter- technology handoffs using MobileIP

Management of multiple physical interfaces (802.11, 3G/PPP, Ethernet)Automated network (“stove-pipe”) selection algorithm • Based on priority, signal strength, and preferred network list• No end-user interaction necessary

Mobile VPN capability: IPSec over MobileIP

WORKIT Multi-interface Unified Mobility Client Software

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WORKIT Unified Mobility Client Software Architecture for WinXP/2000

Software runs on Windows 2000/XP operating systemApproximately 45,000 lines of code, 13,000 of which are Windows NDIS kernel networking codeLinux version will be developed

New code developed,Specifically for3G-802.11 integration

VPN/IPSec integration(e.g. Lucent IPSecClient)

Interaction withExisting WindowsOS modules

TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Virtual MobileIPAdaptor

VPN/IPSecControl

OS

PPP Support

Graphical User Interface & Monitoring

Ethernet

MobileIP State Machine

Interface Abstraction Layer/API

Network Detection

Network Selection

MobileNAT Client

802.11 PPPCDMA2000

Sierra 3G1xRTT

VPN/IPSec Client Driver

Multi-interface Mobility Client Driver

EthernetInterface

802.11Interface

PPP Interface

IS-835 Shim

Serial Driver

AT Com

mand Set

User Level

OS K

ernel Level

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WORKIT Home Server

Home Server consists of• Scalable Mobile IP Home Agent (HA) with all recent MIP RFC and

3GPP2 options support• VitalAAA Radius server, Lucent product (ranked #1 in Network

Magazine survey)Scalable, highly configurable with its own policy languageBinary with Academic use license. No source code for this will be available!

• A simple web based management, user profile creation and management service

Runs on a Linux blade server or workstation

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Baseline Kit (Release Sept 1, 2006)

Baseline Kit containsMature components• MobileWORKIT Gateway • Multi-interface Windows mobility client

softwareEarly versions• Beta version of WORKIT Backend Mobility

Server Server• WORKIT Mesh module

Misc• 802.11 a/b/g, 3G Cards?• Kit documentation

Complete source code for Baseline kit (non-commercial license)

Essential components for wireless systems research made availablein one documented kit

+

WORKIT/MobileWORKITGateway SOFTWARE

3G, 802.11a/b/g Cards

+

+Misc Cables

+

WORKIT Home Network Server

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Module II: Infrastructure Mesh Networking Module(UCSB, Bell Labs)

• Management• Monitoring

Centralized Management &Monitoring

3G EV-DO

802.11Mesh

Gateway

WiredEthernet

Internet

Gold (High Capacity path)Silver (Medium capacity, low delay)Bronze (Best effort)

VOIP, SIP Multimedia

Traffic

WebTraffic

WORKITMultiradio

Relay

WORKITMultiradio

Relay

WORKITMultiradio

Relay

WORKITMultiradio

Relay

WORKITMultiradio

Relay

WORKITMultiradio

Relay

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Module II: Mesh module (contd)

Support for following be well tested and documented

• Optimized mesh routing using AODV-Spanning Tree (AODV-ST) with routing metric support

For two radio relays (i.e one relay and one access)

• Simple auto-configurationVia gateway advertisements and AODV-ST

• Mesh monitoring toolset

• Simple mobility support

Additional capabilities that will be “available as is”• Multi-radio frequency assignment• Multi-interface, multi-channel routing

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Module III: High Capacity Mobile Gateway, Group Mobility (Penn State)

Support for multiple simultaneous backhaul cards• Multiple providers for same

technologySprint, Verizon EV-DO

• Multiple cards of different technology

• Cingular 14.4 Mbps HSDPA and Verizon EV-DO

Operate in Simple IP mode• Connection lost if layer-3 breaks

Automated monitoring and reactivationSimple user assignment to inteffaces for traffic distribution

Verizon1xEV-DO

Mobile WORKIT Gateway

Verizon1xRTT NextTel

UMTS

WINSTAR802.16

MN1 MNn

IP1

IP5

IP3IP2

Internet

AT&TUMTS

A1AN

IP4

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Modile III: High Capacity Mobile Gateway (contd.)

Mobile IP support on the backhaul interfaces using Linux MIP client from baseline kit• When gateway moves,

access side TCP connections not lost!

Seamless, high bandwidth internet backhaul

IP1

IP5

IP3IP2

AT&TUMTS

IP4

NextTelUMTS

MIP Client

MIOTAHome-addr

NAPT

Verizon1xRTT

WINSTAR802.16

Verizon1xEV-DO

HomeAgent(HA)

Internet

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Module IV: VOIP (Columbia University)

VoIP and Application Layer Mobility using SIP

• ScalableIRT SIP proxy• IRT SIP user agent• Media Traffic Generator• Signaling traffic generator and benchmark tools

SIMPLEStone, SIPStone

Configuration and Management tools for SIP servers and benchmark testing

Integration and testing with rest of the kit

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Kit Dissemination

Kit advertisement• Creation of the WORKIT project website and set up of the release

of baseline kit• Continued updates of new software• Advertise on email lists

Proposal solicitation and evaluation• Invite proposals from the academic community for research and

teaching

Distribution of 25 kits

Encourage growing the kit software base

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Current Status

Selection of new Debiandistribution and upgrade to new Linux kernel 2.6

Why Debian?

• Better package-dependency management.

• More formal procedure to qualify packagers (Debian Developers) and a set of explicitly defined policies (DebianPolicy), which are diligently enforced.

• In general official Debian packages behave more consistently than similar one on other Linux distributions

Code clean up and repackaging under Debian

Automatic backhaul (ethernet vs. 3G) detection (ifc)Stateful firewall (ipf)Authentication state database (db)Mobile-IP mode (mipagent)Simple-IP mode (udhcp, webauth)

Workit website www.wirelesskit.org preliminary version now readyBackend Mobility Server (just started)Expected software release date: Sept 1, 2006

Windows Mobility ClientMobile IOTA Gateway and software

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Benefits of Universal Wireless Research Platform Kit Distribution Project

A step towards addressing recommendations from the NSF Wireless Workshop report

Flexible platform as a starting point for wide range of wireless research

Dramatically shorten time to develop comprehensive system implementations of research ideas and avoid duplication of effort

Base kit enhanced over time by absorbing new prototypes into kit

Stimulate new ideas and research efforts that otherwise would be avoided due to complexity in building system prototype foundation

Promotes university and industrial research interaction

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Details

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Why the Bell Labs kit?

Allows for complete end-to-end mobile networking environment• Mobility Client Software on terminal• Multi-interface gateway with interchangeable wireless and wireline interfaces• Backend server for authentication, mobility, accounting, and QoS policy

Interchangeable wireless (and wireline) interfaces

Networking and higher layer support independent of wireless interface• Platform can be extended with SDR wireless interface

Provides seamless mobility for heterogeneous wireless access

Applicable to many mobile networking systems research topicsExamples:• Programmable wireless networks• Multi-hop/Mesh network• Fast handoff and authentication

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Bell Labs Platforms supportIntegrated 802.11/3G Network

Hot-spot 802.11(802.11 WISP)

802.11AP

Leased line(T1, DSL, cable…)

Access Router

WISP: Wireless Internet Service ProviderRAN: Radio Access NetworkBS: Base-Station3G examples: 1xRTT (153Kbps/carrier/sector)

EV-DO (2.4Mbps downlink, 153Kbps uplink)UMTS (384 Kbps downlink, 64 kbps uplink)

WORKIT components

WORKIT Gateway

WORKIT Backend Mobility Server

WORKITHomeAgent

HomeAAA Billing

WORKIT Unified Mobility Client Software

ROAM

Mobile withDual Radio (802.11 & 3G) Interfaces

Public Internet3G CoreNetwork

BSBS

BSBS

3GRAN

3GRAN

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Bell Labs Platforms Support Mobile, Portable, Transient and Remote HotSpots

Mobile has only 802.11 interfaceWiFi access networks with 3G backhaulIncremental adoption of 3G data services

Portable,Remote,TransientHotspots (Conference & Expo)

WiFi

MobileWORKITGateway

Mobile Hotspots (Train, Bus)

WiFi

MobileWORKITGateway

Auth Server

Bill Server

Web

CorporateIntranet

eCommerce

Internet3G

network

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Bell Labs Technology Platform

Bell Labs Research Platform originally developed to address twomethods of embracing 802.11 as complimentary to 3G wireless

802.11/3G Service Integration• Challenges: End-to-end networking and service architecture for user

authentication, billing, accounting, service profile, security, roaming, dual/multi-network terminal support, and seamless inter-technology handoffs

Mobile WLAN Hotspots and Portable, Transient, Remote WLAN Hotspots • Challenges: Enable subscribers to access the Internet using 802.11 bridged

to a 3G high-speed wireless data backhaul (e.g. EV-DO) in buses, trains, hotspots, and places where it is not feasible to have a wired backhaul or for quick temporary network setup

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WORKIT components for Integrated 802.11/3G and Mobile Hotspots

Hot-spot 802.11(802.11 WISP)

802.11AP

Leased line(T1, DSL, cable…)

Access Router

WORKIT IntegrationGateway

WORKIT Home ServerWORKITHomeAgent

WORKITHomeAAA

WORKIT Unified Mobility Client Software

ROAM

Mobile withDual Radio (802.11 & 3G) Interfaces

Public Internet3G CoreNetwork

BS

3GRAN

MobileHotspot

WiFi

WORKITMobileGateway