BYKUMAR ANAND

RAJNKANT GEORGE MAHENDRA PRASAD

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Credit Requirement for women

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Targeting women for credit programmes began to receive serious consideration at international women conference in Mexico City in 1975. In India this universal concern found recognition in the sixth plan (1980-85)

 

Journey of women development in India

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Sixth five year plan (1980-85) “ welfare and development of women”,

Eighth plan (1992-97) formation of Rashtriya Mahila Kosh in 1993 to meet the credit need of poor and asset less women,

Ninth five year plan (1997-02) - primary objective: “empowerment of women”

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Secondary objective: “convergence of exiting service”• Tenth plan (2002-07) “empowering women as the agent of socio

economic change and development”

Women Population

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Indictors of women population and status in India

sources: “Yojana January

2005” pg:28

Year Particulars Population

1991 Total female population

407.1 million

1992 Total female population

495.7 million

1989-93

Life expectancy at birth

59.7

1996-01

Life expectancy at birth

65.7

1991 Sex ratio 927

2001 Sex ratio 933

Major issue

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Gender discrimination, Low level of education,Work participation,Poor nutritional status, Violence against women and Poor health etc

Major Hurdle in Empowering Indian women

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Poverty in India

Less job opportunity

and Low

productivity

Poor status Low

income Vicious circle

Of poverty

Work force

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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In unorganized sector women constitute 90% of total workers,(80% are engaged in agriculture and allied activities,10% in other activities)

unskilled worker 90% of rural and 70% urban women workers

- Mishra,1996

Work participation rates (%)

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Census T/R/U Female male persons

1981 TotalRural Urban

19.723.1 8.3

52.653.849.1

36.738.830.0

1991 TotalRuralUrban

22.326.8 9.2

51.652.648.9

37.540.130.2

2001 TotalRural

Urban

25.731.011.6

51.952.450.9

39.342.032.2

Empowerment though SHGs

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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According to the Economic survey there are 26 lakh self-help group(SHGs) linked to banks as on 31st Dec 2006. Most of the SHGs are women. They have been formed under the aegis on the government organization, NGO women movement and co-operatives

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Economic empowerment The economic empowerment means greater

access to financial resources inside and outside the household, reducing vulnerability of poor women to crisis situation like flood, riots, death and accident in the family and significant increase in women the power to retain income and use it at the discretion. It provide equal access and control over various resources at the household level.

Why need credit for women

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Economic empowerment i. entrepreneurship development : Through

entrepreneurship development a women will not only generate income for herself but also generate employment for other women in the locality, this will have a multiplier effect in the generation of income and poverty alleviation

ii. financial self reliance of women iii. significant increase in the women’s own income

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Social empowerment i. equal status, participation and power of decision

making of women household ii. equal status, participation and power of decision

making of women community and villageiii. Breaking social, culture and religious barriers

to equal development of women

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Capacity building i. Development of better leadership skillsii.Better awareness in health, education,

environment etc.iii.Development better communication skill iv.Improved financial literacy

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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According to Susy Cheston of Opportunity International, a US-based organization that gives around 86 percent of its micro-credit loans to women Microfinance is good for women and women are good for microfinance .

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Pioneering microfinance institutions (MFIs) have recognized that the twin goals of empowering women and developing poor communities are closely connected. The Nobel Prize-winning Grameen Bank, for example, gives around 96 percent of its micro-loans to women, while the UN estimates that around 76 percent of all microfinance clients globally are women.

Contd…

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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Studies have illustrated that women are more likely to use surplus money to care for the nutritional and health needs of their children, or invest in their children's education. This is called Multiplier effect.

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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“ In order awaken the people, it is women who has to be awaken. Once she is on the move, the household move, the village move, the country move and thus we build India of tomorrow”

-Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

References

04/10/23Xavier Institute-XIDAS, Jabalpur.

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www.cgap.orgwww.knowledge.allianz.comArundahi Chattopadhyay (2005), January

2005 “women and entrepreneurship” , Yojana January 2005

www.nabad.org Karmakar K.G(1999), “Rural credit and self help

group” Sage Publications, New Delhi

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