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NEOCLASSICISM, 1780 - 1840

Neoclassic – Greek word neos meaning new and the Latin word classicus which is similar in meaning to the English phrase first class.

> The Western movement in decorative and visual arts was called Neoclassicism.

> coincided with the 18th century Age of Reason also known as the Age of Enlightenment.

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Enlightment :

• Science and intellectual interchange

vs

• Superstition, intolerance and abuses by church and state

• Art must have a social and moral purpose.

• Against the excess of Baroque (art for the church and

royalty)

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Neoclassical art pieces such as paintings, sculpture, and architecture generally portrayed Roman history which elevated the Roman heroes.

Characteristics: portrayal of Roman history formal composition the use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion or

moment local colorOverall lightingClassic geo structure

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NEOCLASSICAL PAINTINGNeoclassical artists embraced the ideas of order and

moderation in which artistic interpretations of classic Greek and Roman history were restored to realistic portrayals.

Neoclassical painters gave great importance to the costumes, settings and details of classical subject matter without adding distracting details but with as much historical accuracy as possible.

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Neo-classical artists1. Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)

France

was an influential French painter considered to be the pre-eminent

painter his paintings were more on history

Famous Artworks:The Death of MaratNapoleon Crossing the AlpsOath of the Horatii

J. Louis David, Self-portrait, 1794, oil on canvas, Paris, Louvre.

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The Death of Marat

David’s masterpiece shows the portrayal of a revolutionary martyr. This is a painting of the murdered French revolutionary leader Jean Paul Marat.

J. Louis David, The death of Marat, 1793, oil on canvas; Bruxelles, Musee Royaux de Belgique.

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Napoleon Crossing the Alps

The painting that showed a strongly idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon and his army made across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass in May 1800.

J. Louis David, Napoleon crossing the Great St. Bernard pass, 1800, oil on canvas; Paris, Malmaison.

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Oath of Horatii

J. Louis David, the Oath of Horatii, 1784-1785, oil on canvas; Paris, Louvre.It was a large painting that depicts a scene from a Roman legend about the dispute between Rome and Alba Longa. The three brothers, all of whom appear willing to sacrifice their lives for the good of Rome, are shown saluting their father who holds their swords out for them.

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NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES

The Neoclassical period was one of the great ages of public sculpture. Artists looked to Roman styles during the time of Alexander the Great for inspiration as well as to mimic their style.

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1. Antonio Canova (1757-1822) Italy

Was a prolific Italian artist and sculptor

He became famous for marble sculptures

Famous Artworks: Psyche Awakened by

Cupid’s Kiss

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Psyche Awakened by Cupid’s Kiss

A marble sculpture portraying the relationship of Psyche and Cupid.

A. Canova, Psyche and Cupid, 1787-1793, marble; Paris, Louvre.

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NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

In its purest form, Neoclassical architecture was a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece and Rome and the architectural designs of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.

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TYPES OF NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE:

Temple Style > was based on an ancient temple. Palladian Style > were based on style of villa construction.

Robert Adam (1728 – 1792) Britain- He was known as the Palladian architect of the Neoclassical who designed two well-known American civic buildings – The White House and the United States Capitol

Classical Block Style >features a rectangular or square plan, with a flat roof and an exterior rich in classical detail. Henri Labrouste – His masterpiece is the Library of Sainte-GenevieveCharles Garnier – He designed the most famous classical block of all which is the Palais Garnier

Matt H. Evans, matt@exinfm.com

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Temple Style BuildingsJacques-Germain Soufflot, Pantheon, Paris, 1758-1790

is a building in the Latin Quarter of Paris, France. Paris' Pantheon was originally built as a church dedicated to St. Genevieve, modelled after the Pantheon in Rome, but after many changes now combines liturgical functions with its role as a famous burial place.

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Robert Smirke, British Museum, London, 1753.

Is a museum in London dedicated to human history and culture. Its permanent collection, numbering some 8 million works, is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence and originates from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present.

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Palladian Style Building

White House, 1792-1800.

> The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States, located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C. It has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800.

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Classical Block Style Building The Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve The current structure, built by architect Henri Labroustein 1851. The library inherited the manuscripts and collections of one of the oldest abbeys in Europe, the Abbey of Sainte – Genevieve. Buried in the crypt in 502, Sainte Genevieve gave her name to very institutions she served: the church, the abbey, and the library.