Creating a Positive Creating a Positive Environment on the Environment on the

BusBus

Creating a Positive Creating a Positive Environment on the Environment on the

BusBusKelly Caci, MAKelly Caci, MA

Britton Schnurr, PsyDBritton Schnurr, PsyD

NY Association of School NY Association of School PsychologistsPsychologists

School Safety

• The idea of school safety encompasses all facets of school– Transportation to and from school– Rules & expectations – School Climate– Discipline– How we address/react to issues of bullying,

crisis, etc.

We Need a Comprehensive

Approach

• Rules, expectations, school-wide programs need to encompass ALL aspects of a student’s day

• Staff need to be trained and work together within the system to support the functioning of the school community

Factors that Affect School Safety on the

Bus

• Bullying/teasing/name calling• Physical altercations• Acting out behaviors• Disregard of safety rules• Theft / destruction of property• ????

What Can Be Done to Address Safety Issues on the

Bus?

• The good news is – school-wide programs exist and are being used in many schools

• With the passage of DASA, school districts MUST address issues of bullying

• Even if your school district has not implemented particular programs, positive reinforcement can be used to encourage appropriate behavior on the bus.

Some Options

– Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports• www.pbis.org

– Social-Emotional Learning • CASEL 2013 Guide to Preschool and Elementary School

Programs – http://casel.org/guide/

– Peaceful School Bus• School-wide program for improving behavior on the

Bus– www.peacefulschoolbus.com

PBIS is a system of supports that include proactive strategies for

defining, teaching, and supporting appropriate student behaviors to create positive school environments. Instead of

using a patchwork of individual behavioral management plans, a

continuum of positive behavior support for all students within a school is

implemented in areas including the classroom and nonclassroom settings

(such as hallways, restrooms, cafeteria, bus, etc.).

Attention is focused on creating and sustaining primary (school-wide), secondary (classroom), and

tertiary (individual) systems of support that improve students’ academic and social functioning

Why is it so important to focus on teaching positive social

behaviors? • Introducing, modeling, and reinforcing positive

social behavior is an important part of a student’s educational experience

• Teaching behavioral expectations and rewarding students for following them is a much more positive approach than waiting for misbehavior to occur before responding

• Research has shown that the implementation of punishment, especially when it is used inconsistently and in the absence of other positive strategies, is ineffective

• The purpose of school-wide PBIS is to establish a climate in which appropriate behavior is the norm

The Expectations

• Be Responsible• Be Respectful• Be Ready• Be Safe

Develop a behavioral Matrix to operationally and behaviorally define the expectations across

environments in the school

School Bus Expectation Matrix

Be Responsible ▪Take care of your stuff & don't leave things on the bus

▪Follow all bus rules

▪Tell the driver if some one falls asleep

Be Respectful ▪Keep your hands & feet to yourself

▪Respect other people's stuff & personal space

▪Keep your hands & feet out of the aisle

▪Use appropriate language

Be Ready ▪Have your bus pass ready

▪Get to your stop on time

▪Be ready to get off the bus at your stop

Be Safe ▪Remain properly seated

▪Listen to the driver at all times

▪Know & follow the driver's hand signals

▪No fighting/play fighting/fooling around

The Incentives

• School-wide reward system– The Gold card

• Classroom-based reward system– Tickets used for classroom/general

privileges in class/school

• “Gotcha” Pockets

Classroom-based reward system

• Senior Lounge• Special Lunch• First in line for lunch• Visiting other classrooms• Homework passes • Grade level privileges• Clubs such as chess, knitting• Time in computer or other special area

• Free food items (popcorn machine)

• Games/social hour• Early dismissal from class• Being a team leader• Helping out in other classrooms• Exemption from assignments• Classroom parties

Reward Tickets will be used for classroom/general privileges in class/school, such as but not limited to:

Overview of the Peaceful School Bus

(created by Jim Dillon)

• a whole-school program designed to decrease inappropriate behavior on school buses while creating a climate of respect and cooperation

• neither a discipline program, nor is it training for school bus drivers.

Peaceful School Bus• Goal is to change the social

dynamics on the school bus by:– building strong, positive relationships

among students (and the bus driver) – teaching responsibility for their "bus

route group"

Peaceful School Bus• teaches students about bullying and their

role in preventing it• Program is unique in that it happens

inside the school, but among the children who ride the bus together

• involves stakeholders in leading cooperative/ interactive lessons with bus route groups on a regular basis each year.

Peaceful School Bus• builds a stronger connection

between the school bus drivers and other school staff members

• sends a strong, positive, and tangible message to students that adults in the school care about what happens on the bus

Peaceful School Bus• can be implemented as a stand-

alone program or alongside a bullying prevention or violence prevention program such as the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program

In the Absence of a School-Wide Program…• Positive reinforcements can still be utilized

using things that are rewarding to the students:– Tangibles such as stickers, candy– Use of positive notes– Certificates– Privileges – special seating, serving as a monitor,

sports/club participation– A point system used in conjunction with the

classroom teacher• Some of these can be done independently,

others require collaboration with school staff

School Climate Includes the School Bus• Students need to learn that the

bus is an extension of the school• They need to understand the rules

and expectations on the bus• Administration & transportation

need to work together

How to make this happen…

• Assemblies, class meetings to review bus rules, expectations

• Interactions with bus drivers, monitors outside of the school bus– Breakfast in school, meet & greets, trainings

that include bus drivers, monthly visits to classrooms

• Students will generally be more respectful of adults they know on a deeper level & who they feel are respectful of them

And now dealing with bullying issues…

Some Information on Bullying….

From the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program

Olweus Definition of Bullying:

“Bullying is when someone repeatedly and on purpose says or does mean or hurtful things to another person who has a hard time defending himself or herself.”

Children at Higher Risk of Being Bullied:

• Children with disabilities, special needs, and health problems

• Children who are obese• Children who are lesbian, gay,

bisexual, transgender, or who are questioning their identities

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Concerns About Children Who Bully

• Children who bully are more likely to:– Get into frequent fights– Be injured in a fight– Steal, vandalize property– Drink alcohol, smoke– Be truant, drop out of school– Report poorer academic achievement– Perceive a negative climate at school– Carry a weapon

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DASA Requirements

• With the passage of DASA, school districts are now required to address issues of bullying

• The good news is that many districts are adopting school-wide programs to address bullying and school climate

Comprehensive and systematic efforts needed to teach and

reinforce skills– Schoolwide Bullying Prevention Programs

• Olweus Bullying Prevention Program• Alberti Center Guide to School-Wide Bullying Prevention

Programs– gse.buffalo.edu/alberticenter/publications/materials

• Al’s Pals: Kids Making Healthy Choices• Bully Busters• Bullying Prevention in Positive Behavioral Intervention

and Support• Bullying-Proofing Your School• Creating a Safe School• Get Real About Violence• Second Step: A Violence Prevention Curriculum• Steps to Respect: A Bullying Prevention Program

DEVELOPING & IMPLEMENTING AN EFFECTIVE WHOLE-SCHOOL

ANTI-BULLYING POLICY

• Step One: Define Bullying Behaviors• Step Two: Refer to Available Model Policies• Step Three: Clearly Outline Reporting of Incidents • Step Four: Clarify Investigation and Disciplinary

Actions• Step Five: Include Assistance for Victims of

Bullying• Step Six: Include Training and Prevention

Procedures

(Swearer, Espelage & Napolitano, 2009)

CLEARLY OUTLINE REPORTING OF INCIDENTS

• It is important that reporting be encouraged for suspected or alleged bullying, and not only for bullying that has been directly witnessed

• Provide systems for both in-person and anonymous reporting by students

• Reporting is an important component of bullying policies, but does nothing without investigation, consequences, and support for children who are bullied.

(Swearer, Espelage & Napolitano, 2009)

TRAINING AND PREVENTION PROCEDURES

•ALL staff should be trained and know how to intervene

•Utilize research-based bullying prevention programs

•Actively include students, parents, and other community members

•Prevention/intervention must be implemented with consistency

•Training/refreshers should take place annually

(Swearer, Espelage & Napolitano, 2009)

Interventions Need to be Consistent

• Develop a structured approach for adults to respond to bullying– Olweus’ “On the Spot Intervention”

• Utilize a consistent reporting system

• Work with school staff to ensure implementation of rewards & consequences

The Message Needs to be Consistent

• Bullying is not okay• Bullying will not be tolerated• Consequences will be implemented in

response to bullying• If bullying continues, consequences

will become more severe

TEACH GOOD HABITS• Have high expectations for behavior and a low

tolerance for being mean• Be specific about how words and behaviors can

help or hurt others• Teach better ways to respond

(All feelings are OK – but not all behaviors are)• Emphasize the importance of being a friend

UB Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention is developing a toolkit for educators (elementary, middle, high school) of books, websites, and videos)

We Are All Teachers

• Children need to be taught appropriate behavior

• As adults we can help teach children the skills they need to keep themselves and others safe

• The most effective way to encourage good behavior is through positive reinforcement and in a comprehensive and collaborative way

• How children start and end their day often has a substantial impact on their overall functioning